Docker 介绍

Docker介绍

Docker 是应用最广泛的开源容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中
然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。
每个容器拥有一套和宿主机完全隔离的文件系统（共用linux内核），程序在这个虚拟容器里运行，就好像在真实的物理机上运行一样。

　 容器：

容器是一个操作系统级别下的虚拟化技术，运行一个容器就行运行一个进程一样
容器依赖linux内核特性：Namespace（资源隔离）和Cgroups（资源限制）

　　Docker思想：

Docker的思想源于集装箱，集装箱解决了什么问题呢？
在早期运输货物需要不同分类的船，例如运输水果的船，运输生活用品的船
有了集装箱后，在大船上，可以把货物分类到不同的集装箱中，水果一个集装箱，生活用品一个集装箱
它们之间互不影响，只要把货物封装好集装箱里，就可以把不同类的货物一起运走。
通过Docker logo也可以看出所以然来，Docker就像大船，集装箱就是容器。
一条鲸鱼拖着若干个集装箱的经典形象已经深入人心。

　　docker 与虚拟机比较：

docker设计小巧，部署迁移快速，运行高效，按照应用隔离，管理人员可以看到所有容器的内容。
虚拟化技术比较臃肿，需要先创建新的系统，按照系统隔离，管理员无法看到系统内部信息。

　　　举例：

　　　　Docker就是手机中的各种APP，只需要一个系统就可以下载自己所需的应用

　　　　虚拟化技术相当于苹果手机安装一个庞大软件，这个软件上安装安卓系统、魅族系统等，每个系统上还要安装各类应用。

　　docker版本　　

社区版（Community Edition, CE）
企业版（Enterprise Edition, EE）

Docker 安装

　Docker 安装参考官方文档：

docker官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/
centos安装docker：https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/
docker CE只支持 centos7 不支持centos6

　安装：

# 1.安装依赖包
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

# 2.添加Docker软件包源(否则doker安装的不是新版本)
yum-config-manager \--add-repo \https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 3.安装Docker CE
yum install -y docker-ce

# 4.启动Docker服务并设置开机启动
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

# 5.测试docker是否安装成功（hello-world是官方提供的一个测试镜像）
docker run hello-world

# 6.查看docker基本信息
docker info
docker version

　Docker 创建一个ngixn容器：

 # 1.创建一个nginx容器
 docker run -it nginx
 
 # 2.查看docker运行的容器(可以获取到这个容器的id)
 docker ps
 
 # 3.访问这个容器
 # 进入这个nginx容器（进入的文件系统和宿主机是完全隔离的，有自己独立的文件系统）
 docker exec -it 73877e65c07d bash
 
 # 4.查看当前容器的 IP
 docker inspect 73877e65c07d   # 73877e65c07d是通过docekr ps查看到的容器ID
 curl 172.17.0.2               # 测试这个nginx容器是否可以访问

Docker 镜像

　　什么是Docker镜像：

　　　　　　1. docker镜像不包含Linux内核而又精简的Linux操作系统

　　　　　　2. docker镜像是一个分层存储的文件，一个镜像可以创建N个容器

　　　　　　3. 可以这么理解，docker 镜像是 docker 容器的静态视角，docker 容器是 docker 镜像的运行状态。

　　　　　　4. 容器只是对docker镜像的引用，如果docker镜像删除，此镜像创建的容器也都失效

　　Docker 镜像与容器的区别：

　　　　　　1. 当由 ubuntu:14.04 镜像启动容器时，ubuntu:14.04 镜像的镜像层内容将作为容器的 rootfs；

　　　　　　2. 而 ubuntu:14.04 镜像的 json 文件，会由 docker daemon 解析，并提取出其中的容器执行入口 CMD 信息，
　　　　　　以及容器进程的环境变量 ENV 信息，最终初始化容器进程。

　　　　　　3. 当然，容器进程的执行入口来源于镜像提供的 rootfs。

　rootfs

rootfs 是 docker 容器在启动时内部进程可见的文件系统，即 docker 容器的根目录。
rootfs 通常包含一个操作系统运行所需的文件系统，例如可能包含典型的类 Unix 操作系统中的目录系统，如 /dev、/proc、/bin、/etc、/lib、/usr、 /tmp及运行 docker 容器所需的配置文件、工具等。
在传统的 Linux 操作系统内核启动时，首先挂载一个只读的 rootfs，当系统检测其完整性之后，再将其切换为读写模式。
而在 docker 架构中，当 docker daemon 为 docker 容器挂载 rootfs 时，沿用了 Linux 内核启动时的做法，即将 rootfs 设为只读模式。
在挂载完毕之后，利用联合挂载(union mount)技术在已有的只读 rootfs 上再挂载一个读写层。
这样，可读写的层处于 docker 容器文件系统的最顶层，其下可能联合挂载了多个只读的层，
只有在 docker 容器运行过程中文件系统发生变化时，才会把变化的文件内容写到可读写层，并隐藏只读层中的旧版本文件。

Docker 镜像的主要特点

为了更好的理解 docker 镜像的结构，下面介绍一下 docker 镜像设计上的关键技术。

分层
docker 镜像是采用分层的方式构建的，每个镜像都由一系列的 "镜像层" 组成。分层结构是 docker 镜像如此轻量的重要原因。当需要修改容器镜像内的某个文件时，只对处于最上方的读写层进行变动，不覆写下层已有文件系统的内容，已有文件在只读层中的原始版本仍然存在，但会被读写层中的新版本所隐藏。当使用 docker commit 提交这个修改过的容器文件系统为一个新的镜像时，保存的内容仅为最上层读写文件系统中被更新过的文件。分层达到了在不的容器同镜像之间共享镜像层的效果。

写时复制
docker 镜像使用了写时复制(copy-on-write)的策略，在多个容器之间共享镜像，每个容器在启动的时候并不需要单独复制一份镜像文件，而是将所有镜像层以只读的方式挂载到一个挂载点，再在上面覆盖一个可读写的容器层。在未更改文件内容时，所有容器共享同一份数据，只有在 docker 容器运行过程中文件系统发生变化时，才会把变化的文件内容写到可读写层，并隐藏只读层中的老版本文件。写时复制配合分层机制减少了镜像对磁盘空间的占用和容器启动时间。

内容寻址
在 docker 1.10 版本后，docker 镜像改动较大，其中最重要的特性便是引入了内容寻址存储(content-addressable storage) 的机制，根据文件的内容来索引镜像和镜像层。与之前版本对每个镜像层随机生成一个 UUID 不同，新模型对镜像层的内容计算校验和，生成一个内容哈希值，并以此哈希值代替之前的 UUID 作为镜像层的唯一标识。该机制主要提高了镜像的安全性，并在 pull、push、load 和 save 操作后检测数据的完整性。另外，基于内容哈希来索引镜像层，在一定程度上减少了 ID 的冲突并且增强了镜像层的共享。对于来自不同构建的镜像层，主要拥有相同的内容哈希，也能被不同的镜像共享。

联合挂载
通俗地讲，联合挂载技术可以在一个挂载点同时挂载多个文件系统，将挂载点的原目录与被挂载内容进行整合，使得最终可见的文件系统将会包含整合之后的各层的文件和目录。实现这种联合挂载技术的文件系统通常被称为联合文件系统(union filesystem)。以下图所示的运行 Ubuntu:14.04 镜像后的容器中的 aufs 文件系统为例：

由于初始挂载时读写层为空，所以从用户的角度看，该容器的文件系统与底层的 rootfs 没有差别；然而从内核的角度看，则是显式区分开来的两个层次。当需要修改镜像内的某个文件时，只对处于最上方的读写层进行了变动，不复写下层已有文件系统的内容，已有文件在只读层中的原始版本仍然存在，但会被读写层中的新版本文件所隐藏，当 docker commit 这个修改过的容器文件系统为一个新的镜像时，保存的内容仅为最上层读写文件系统中被更新过的文件。
联合挂载是用于将多个镜像层的文件系统挂载到一个挂载点来实现一个统一文件系统视图的途径，是下层存储驱动(aufs、overlay等) 实现分层合并的方式。所以严格来说，联合挂载并不是 docker 镜像的必需技术，比如在使用 device mapper 存储驱动时，其实是使用了快照技术来达到分层的效果。

容器读写层

容器其实是在镜像的最上面加了一层读写层，在运行容器里文件改动时，会先从镜像里要写的文件复制到容器自己的文件系统中（读写层）。
如果容器删除了，最上面的读写层也就删除了，改动也就丢失了。
所以无论多少个容器共享一个镜像，所做的写操作都是从镜像的文件系统中复制过来操作的，并不会修改镜像的源文件
若想持久化这些改动，可以通过docker commit 将容器保存成一个新镜像

docker镜像从哪里来

Docker Hub是由Docker公司负责维护的公共注册中心，包含大量的容器镜像，Docker工具默认从这个公共镜像库下载镜像。
地址：https://hub.docker.com/explore # docker官方镜像和使用方法参考地址
配置镜像加速器：https://www.daocloud.io/mirror

[root@linux-node2 ~]#  curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io　　　　　　　

[root@linux-node2 ~]#  cat /etc/docker/daemon.json           # 执行上面命令后就会将镜像源修改成国内的地址
{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"]}

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl restart docker               # 重启docker生效

看下图详细介绍：

docker 的应用场景

节省项目环境部署时间（一）

　单项目打包：

每次部署项目到测试、生产等环境，都要部署一大堆依赖的软件、工具，时间久，出错概率大。
Docker主要理念就是环境打包部署，可在任意Docker Engine运行。
我们只需要将每个项目环境打包到镜像，push到镜像仓库，当有需要部署这个项目时，
直接pull镜像启动容器，这个项目就可以访问了！一次构建多次部署，一劳永逸。

　整套项目打包

比如有一个产品可以整套部署到客户那里，以往都是派一名实施工程师到客户那部署。
如果用了Docker，我们可以前期将这套项目封装打包起来，实现一键部署，分分钟钟搞定，就不需要再派人过去了。比如官方的Docker Compose编排工具。

　新开源技术试用

有时，我们想调研一些开源项目，我们可以直接从公共镜像仓库pull项目官方做好镜像启动容器即可。

环境一致性（二）

项目在开发电脑本地运行没问题，到了测试或生产环境就运行不起来。
Docker将项目环境打包成镜像，可以在任何Docker Engine部署。

持续集成（三）

一个项目版本快速迭代的测试场景，需要一个合理的CI（持续集成）/CD（持续部署）环境支撑。
CI/CD是一个周期性自动化项目测试流程，包括构建、部署、测试、发布等工作，很少需要人工干预。
Docker通过项目镜像构建和快速部署，打通测试环境与生产环境，高度保持多个环境之间一致性。

微服务（四）

微服务指尽可能细粒度拆分业务程序架构，由多个独立服务组成业务系统。
Docker容器作为这些独立服务的部署单元，每个服务单独部署到一个docker容器中。

Docker 常用命令

　　Docker镜像管理常用命令

docker help                           # 查看docker帮助
docker image --help                   # 查看 docker中 镜像相关帮助
docker image ls                       # 查看当前所有镜像
docker image inspect nginx            # 查看指定镜像（nginx镜像）详细信息
docker pull nginx:1.14                # 下载指定版本镜像 nginx
docker image rm nginx:1.14            # 删除nginx 1.14版本
docker image save nginx > nginx.tar   # 导出niginx镜像

　　Docker创建容器常用命令

-d:   后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
-i:   以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-t:   为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
-P:   随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口
-p:   指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
--name="nginx-lb":   为容器指定一个名称；
--dns 8.8.8.8:   指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；

--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；

-h "mars": 指定容器的hostname；

-e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量；

--env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；

--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；

-m :设置容器使用内存最大值；

--net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；

--link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；

--expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；

--volume , -v:    绑定一个卷

-a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；

docker run --help                       # 查看创建容器帮助

docker run -it centos                     # 创建centos镜像并进入终端

docker run -d nginx                          # 后台启动nginx容器

docker stop 6bb09dce461f                        # 关闭一个容器

docker ps -l                                        # 查看最近运行的容器

docker run -itd centos                                 # 启用一个伪终端守护centos容器

docker container run -d --name web3 -e test=123456 -p 8800:80 -h webhostname --restart always nginx
　　　　　-d                               # 后台启动nginx容器
　　　　　--name web3                        # 自定义容器名字(默认会是一段随机字符串)
　　　　　-e test=123456                       # 启动容器添加变量 test=123456 (echo $test)
　　　　　-p 8800:80                             # 宿主机的8800端口映射到docker容器的80端口中
　　　　　-h webhostname                           # docker容器主机名 (a300f394af88)
　　　　　--restart always                           # 宿主机重启自动拉起这个docker容器
　　　　　nginx                                        # 使用这个nginx镜像启动容器

　　　　　　　　　　注：http://192.168.56.12:8800/     访问这个docker  nginx

　　　　　　docker logs web                                         # 查看上面启动的web容器的日志

　　　　　　docker exec -it web bash                           # 进入容器web

容器资源限制

　　　内存限额： 允许容器最多使用500M内存和100M的Swap，并禁用 OOM Killer

　　　　　　　　docker run -d --name nginx03 --memory="500m" --memory-swap="600m" --oom-kill-disable nginx

　　　CPU限额：

　　　　　　　　docker run -d --name nginx04 --cpus="1.5" nginx # 允许容器最多使用一个半的CPU

　　　　　　　　docker run -d --name nginx05 --cpus=".5" nginx # 允许容器最多使用50%的CPU

Docker管理容器常用命令

docker ps              # 仅列出当前运行的容器
docker ps -l             # 列出最新创建得容器
docker ps -a               # 列出素有容器(包括 未运行的)
docker inspect web4          # 列出指定容器的详细信息

持久化容器

docker exec -it web4 bash              # 进入容器web4中
touch 1.txt 2.txt                        # 对容器进行修改
docker commit web4 nginx:web4              # 将修改后的web4容器提交为一个新镜像 nginx:web4
docker images                                # 可以看到 多了一个 TAG标记为 web4 的镜像
docker run -d --name web4-1 nginx:web4         # 使用刚刚提交的镜像web4创建一个容器web4-1
docker exec -it web4-1 bash                      # 进入web4-1的bash环境

从宿主机复制文件到docker容器　　　　　　　

docker cp nginx.tar web4-1:/home       # 将宿主机nginx.tar文件拷贝到容器web4-1的/home目录中
docker exec -it web4-1 ls /home          # 在容器web4-1中执行 "ls /home" 命令

容器常用查询命令

docker logs web4-1                     # 查看web4-1中控制台日志
docker port 55f870061ed9                 # 查看指定容器端口映射
docker top 00f7ddc96622                    # 查看容器中有哪些进程
docker stats 00f7ddc96622                    # 查看容器资源使用情况

启动、停止、删除容器

docker ps -a                           # 列出素有容器(包括 未运行的)
docker start web                         # 启动容器web　　　　　　
docker stop web                            # 停止容器web
docker rm web

Docker 将数据挂载到容器的三种方式

Docker提供三种方式将数据从宿主机挂载到容器中

　　　　volumes：Docker管理宿主机文件系统的一部分（/var/lib/docker/volumes）保存数据的最佳方式。

　　　 bind mounts：将宿主机上的任意位置的文件或者目录挂载到容器中，就像软连接一样。

　　　 tmpfs：挂载存储在主机系统的内存中，而不会写入主机的文件系统（不常用）。

　区别：
　　　 volume ： 是docker的宿主机文件系统一部分，只有docker可以进行更改，其他进程不能修改
　　　 bind mounts ： 是挂载在宿主机文件系统的任意位置，除了docker所有进程都可以进行修改、

　 管理卷：

docker volume create nginx-vol                   # 创建一个数据卷 nginx-vol

docker volume ls                                   # 查看宿主机数据卷信息

docker volume inspect nginx-vol                      # 查看 nginx-vol 这个数据卷详细信息

ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data              # 详细信息中会显示 nginx-vol 这个卷实际在宿主机位置

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a |awk '{print $1}')            # 删除所有容器

volumes：将容器中的数据持久化到宿主机中

用卷创建一个容器：

docker run -d --name=nginx-test -p 88:80 --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
　　　　　　　　　　　　run -d                                      # 后台启动一个nginx容器
　　　　　　　　　　　　--name=nginx-test                             # 自定义容器名字(默认会是一段随机字符串)
　　　　　　　　　　　　-p  88:80                                       # 将宿主机的88端口映射到容器的80端口
　　　　　　　　　　　　--mount
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　src=nginx-vol,                                 # 挂载数据卷名称nginx-vol
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　dst=/usr/share/nginx/html                        # 将/usr/share/nginx/html文件挂载到nginx-vol数据卷中
　　　　　　　　　　　　nginx                                                  # 使用这个nginx镜像启动容器

　　　　　　　　vim /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/index.html          # 修改nginx的 index.html文件可以发现页面发生改变

　　　　　　　　http://192.168.56.12:88/

　　清理卷：

docker stop nginx-test                             # 关闭正在使用卷nginx-vol的容器nginx-test
docker rm nginx-test                                 # 删除容器 nginx-test
docker volume rm nginx-vol                             # 删除卷 nginx-vol

bind mounts：将宿主机中的数据挂载到容器中

　　　用卷创建一个容器：

docker run -d --name=nginx-test -p 88:80 --mount type=bind,src=/mnt/,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
　　　　　　　　　　　　run -d                         # 后台启动一个nginx容器
　　　　　　　　　　　　--name=nginx-test                # 自定义容器名字(默认会是一段随机字符串)
　　　　　　　　　　　　-p  88:80                          # 将宿主机的88端口映射到容器的80端口
　　　　　　　　　　　　--mount type=bind                    # 将/usr/share/nginx/html文件夹挂载到宿主机/mnt/文件夹中
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　src=/mnt/,                          # 宿主机中挂载目录 /mnt/
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　dst=/usr/share/nginx/html             # 容器中/usr/share/nginx/html文件夹
　　　　　　　　　　　　nginx                                       # 使用这个nginx镜像启动容器

　　　　　　　　docker exec -it nginx-test bash                       # 进入容器
　　　　　　　　cd /usr/share/nginx/html                                # 进入容器的挂载目录
　　　　　　　　echo "hello I come here" > index.html                     # 在目录中创建一个 index.html文件
　　　　　　　　http://192.168.56.12:88/                                    # 可以在页面访问到 index.html首页

  　　　　　　　　vim /mnt/index.html                                         # 修改 /mnt/index.html 就等同修改容器中的index.html页面

　清理：

docker stop nginx-test                              # 关闭正在使用卷nginx-vol的容器nginx-test
docker rm nginx-test                                  # 删除容器 nginx-test

　注意：

如果源文件/目录没有存在，不会自动创建，会抛出一个错误。
如果挂载目标在容器中非空目录，则该目录现有内容将被隐藏。

　Volume特点：

多个运行容器之间共享数据。
当容器停止或被移除时，该卷依然存在。
多个容器可以同时挂载相同的卷。
当明确删除卷时，卷才会被删除。
将容器的数据存储在远程主机或其他存储上
将数据从一台Docker主机迁移到另一台时，先停止容器，然后备份卷的目录（/var/lib/docker/volumes/）

　Bind Mounts特点：

从主机共享配置文件到容器。默认情况下，挂载主机/etc/resolv.conf到每个容器，提供DNS解析。
在Docker主机上的开发环境和容器之间共享源代码。例如，可以将Maven target目录挂载到容器中，每次在Docker主机上构建Maven项目时，容器都可以访问构建的项目包。
当Docker主机的文件或目录结构保证与容器所需的绑定挂载一致时

　网络模式:

bridge（常用）

　　　　　–net=bridge
　　　　　默认网络，Docker启动后创建一个docker0网桥，默认创建的容器也是添加到这个网桥中。

host（常用）

　　　　　–net=host
　　　　　容器不会获得一个独立的network namespace，而是与宿主机共用一个。这就意味着容器不会有自己的网卡信息，而是使用宿主
　　　　　机的。容器除了网络，其他都是隔离的。

none（不常用）

　　　　 –net=none
　　　　　获取独立的network namespace，但不为容器进行任何网络配置，需要我们手动配置。

container（不常用）

　　　　 –net=container:Name/ID
　　　　　与指定的容器使用同一个network namespace，具有同样的网络配置信息，两个容器除了网络，其他都还是隔离的。

自定义网络（最佳方式）

　　　　与默认的bridge原理一样，但自定义网络具备内部DNS发现，可以通过容器名或者主机名容器之间网络通信。

'''开启Linux系统的IP转发功能 '''
# 1. 出于安全考虑，Linux系统默认是禁止数据包转发的。
# 2. 所谓转发即当主机拥有多于一块的网卡时，将收到的数据包转发给其他网卡
[root@linux-node4 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
[root@linux-node4 ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@linux-node4 ~]# sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward   # 输出为1时则证明是成功的

测试自定义网络和 container

下载busybox镜像用于测试

docker pull busybox                       # 下载一个测试镜像，一些工具都有了
docker run -it busybox                    # 进入busybox 默认 bash
docker run -it --net=host busybox         # 以 host 网络模式进入bash

自定义网络模式

docker network create bs-test                     # 创建一个网络 bs-test
docker run -it --name bs3 --net bs-test busybox   # 创建容器bst加入网络bs-test
docker run -it --name bs4 --net bs-test busybox   # 创建容器bst加入网络bs-test
ping bs3                                          # 在bs3和bs4容器中可以通过主机名ping通
ping bs4
docker start bs3                                  # 启动容器bs3
docker exec -it bs3 sh                            # 进入bs3 bash环境

container网络模式

docker run -itd --name bs -p 99:80 busybox         # 创建一个名字为bs的容器,并将宿主机99端口映射到80端口
docker run -d --name nginx01 --net container:bs nginx    # 使用nginx镜像创建一个容器名nginx01，加入到bs容器中
http://192.168.56.12:99/
docker exec -it bs sh                     
# 注：bs容器中虽然没有nginx服务，但是可以访问nginx服务，因为nginx01容器加入了

Dockerfile 构建 nginx 项目镜像

'''1.DOckerfile常用命令 '''
FROM python:3.6                     # 指定拉取镜像版本
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1              # 不缓冲stdin、stdout和stderr，直接把输出重定向到文件
MAINITAINER zhangsan                # 指定作者
RUN mkdri /code                     # 运行的linux命令
WORKDIR /code                       # 指定项目工作根路径
ADD . /code/                        # 将宿主机文件复制到镜像中
COPY dj.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d      # docker内部文件拷贝
VOLUME ["/data1","/data2"]          # 将宿主机文件夹挂载到容器中
EXPOSE 8080                         # 暴露端口
CMD ["sh","/code/start.sh"]         # 容器启动时要运行的命令
CMD ["python", "manage.py", "runserver", "0:8000"]

'''2.生成镜像并运行容器'''
docker build -t nginx:v1 -f Dockerfile-nginx .         # 使用Dockerfile-nginx文件生成镜像 nginx:v1
docker push linux-node4.example.com/test/nginx:v1      # 推送镜像到harbor中
docker run -d -p 192.168.56.14:8000:8080 nginx:v1      # 运行docker容器

使用 Dockerfile-nginx 文件构建一个基础镜像 nginx:v1

[root@node1 ~]
[root@node1 ~] cd /home # 进入home
[root@node1 home] mkdir dockerfile # 创建Dockerfile
[root@node1 home] ls  # 查看是否存在
[root@node1 home] cd dockerfile
[root@node1 dockerfile] touch Dockerfile-nginx
[root@node1 dockerfile] vim Dockerfile-nginx  # 配置在下面

Dockerfile-nginx：

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER www.ctnrs.com
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make \
    openssl-devel pcre-devel gd-devel \
    iproute net-tools telnet wget curl && \
    yum clean all && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.5.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf nginx-1.15.5.tar.gz && \
    cd nginx-1.15.5 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module && \
    make -j 4 && make install && \
    rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/* && \
    echo "ok" >> /usr/local/nginx/html/status.html && \
    cd / && rm -rf nginx-1.12.2* && \
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
#COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

docker build -t nginx:v1 -f Dockerfile-nginx .        # 使用 Dockerfile-nginx 文件构建一个基础镜像 nginx:v1

　　　　　　　　　　-t nginx:v1                             # 指定版本tag=v1

　　　　　　　　　　-f Dockerfile-nginx                       # 指定dockerfile的名称

　　　　　　　　　　.                                           # 指定上下文（比如配置文件在那个位置等）

　　　　　　docker images                                        # 查看 nginx:v1 镜像是否创建成功

　　　　　　docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 88:80 nginx:v1         # 使用 nginx:v1 镜像创建一个容器 nginx01

　　　　　　http://192.168.56.12:88/status.html                      # 测试是否可以访问容器nginx01的web服务

使用nginx:v1 基础镜像构建一个项目镜像

　vim Dockerfile

FROM nginx:v1
COPY index.html  /usr/local/nginx/html   # 需要在当前目录中创建index.html文件

　　　　　　docker build -t nginx:v2 -f Dockerfile . # 使用Dockerfile创建一个项目镜像 nginx:v2

　　　　　　docker run -d --name nginx02 -p 89:80 nginx:v2 # 使用 nginx:v2 创建一个容器 nginx02

　　　　　　http://192.168.56.12:89/ # 测试访问容器 nginx:v2中的nginx服务

使用 Dockerfile-nginx 文件构建一个基础镜像 nginx:v1

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER www.ctnrs.com
RUN yum install epel-release -y && \
    yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel \
    libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel \
    libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel autoconf \
    iproute net-tools telnet wget curl && \
    yum clean all && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*

RUN wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.36.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf php-5.6.36.tar.gz && \
    cd php-5.6.36 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
    --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
    --enable-fpm --enable-opcache \
    --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql \
    --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \
    --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \
    --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --enable-hash && \
    make -j 4 && make install && \
    cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini && \
    cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
    sed -i "90a \daemonize = no" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
    mkdir /usr/local/php/log && \
    cd / && rm -rf php* && \
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/php/sbin
COPY php.ini /usr/local/php/etc/
COPY php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
WORKDIR /usr/local/php
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["php-fpm"]

Dockerfile-php

[PHP]

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; About php.ini   ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; PHP's initialization file, generally called php.ini, is responsible for
; configuring many of the aspects of PHP's behavior.

; PHP attempts to find and load this configuration from a number of locations.
; The following is a summary of its search order:
; 1. SAPI module specific location.
; 2. The PHPRC environment variable. (As of PHP 5.2.0)
; 3. A number of predefined registry keys on Windows (As of PHP 5.2.0)
; 4. Current working directory (except CLI)
; 5. The web server's directory (for SAPI modules), or directory of PHP
; (otherwise in Windows)
; 6. The directory from the --with-config-file-path compile time option, or the
; Windows directory (C:\windows or C:\winnt)
; See the PHP docs for more specific information.
; http://php.net/configuration.file

; The syntax of the file is extremely simple.  Whitespace and lines
; beginning with a semicolon are silently ignored (as you probably guessed).
; Section headers (e.g. [Foo]) are also silently ignored, even though
; they might mean something in the future.

; Directives following the section heading [PATH=/www/mysite] only
; apply to PHP files in the /www/mysite directory.  Directives
; following the section heading [HOST=www.example.com] only apply to
; PHP files served from www.example.com.  Directives set in these
; special sections cannot be overridden by user-defined INI files or
; at runtime. Currently, [PATH=] and [HOST=] sections only work under
; CGI/FastCGI.
; http://php.net/ini.sections

; Directives are specified using the following syntax:
; directive = value
; Directive names are *case sensitive* - foo=bar is different from FOO=bar.
; Directives are variables used to configure PHP or PHP extensions.
; There is no name validation.  If PHP can't find an expected
; directive because it is not set or is mistyped, a default value will be used.

; The value can be a string, a number, a PHP constant (e.g. E_ALL or M_PI), one
; of the INI constants (On, Off, True, False, Yes, No and None) or an expression
; (e.g. E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE), a quoted string ("bar"), or a reference to a
; previously set variable or directive (e.g. ${foo})

; Expressions in the INI file are limited to bitwise operators and parentheses:
; |  bitwise OR
; ^  bitwise XOR
; &  bitwise AND
; ~  bitwise NOT
; !  boolean NOT

; Boolean flags can be turned on using the values 1, On, True or Yes.
; They can be turned off using the values 0, Off, False or No.

; An empty string can be denoted by simply not writing anything after the equal
; sign, or by using the None keyword:

;  foo =         ; sets foo to an empty string
;  foo = None    ; sets foo to an empty string
;  foo = "None"  ; sets foo to the string 'None'

; If you use constants in your value, and these constants belong to a
; dynamically loaded extension (either a PHP extension or a Zend extension),
; you may only use these constants *after* the line that loads the extension.

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; About this file ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; PHP comes packaged with two INI files. One that is recommended to be used
; in production environments and one that is recommended to be used in
; development environments.

; php.ini-production contains settings which hold security, performance and
; best practices at its core. But please be aware, these settings may break
; compatibility with older or less security conscience applications. We
; recommending using the production ini in production and testing environments.

; php.ini-development is very similar to its production variant, except it is
; much more verbose when it comes to errors. We recommend using the
; development version only in development environments, as errors shown to
; application users can inadvertently leak otherwise secure information.

; This is php.ini-production INI file.

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Quick Reference ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; The following are all the settings which are different in either the production
; or development versions of the INIs with respect to PHP's default behavior.
; Please see the actual settings later in the document for more details as to why
; we recommend these changes in PHP's behavior.

; display_errors
;   Default Value: On
;   Development Value: On
;   Production Value: Off

; display_startup_errors
;   Default Value: Off
;   Development Value: On
;   Production Value: Off

; error_reporting
;   Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED
;   Development Value: E_ALL
;   Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT

; html_errors
;   Default Value: On
;   Development Value: On
;   Production value: On

; log_errors
;   Default Value: Off
;   Development Value: On
;   Production Value: On

; max_input_time
;   Default Value: -1 (Unlimited)
;   Development Value: 60 (60 seconds)
;   Production Value: 60 (60 seconds)

; output_buffering
;   Default Value: Off
;   Development Value: 4096
;   Production Value: 4096

; register_argc_argv
;   Default Value: On
;   Development Value: Off
;   Production Value: Off

; request_order
;   Default Value: None
;   Development Value: "GP"
;   Production Value: "GP"

; session.gc_divisor
;   Default Value: 100
;   Development Value: 1000
;   Production Value: 1000

; session.hash_bits_per_character
;   Default Value: 4
;   Development Value: 5
;   Production Value: 5

; short_open_tag
;   Default Value: On
;   Development Value: Off
;   Production Value: Off

; track_errors
;   Default Value: Off
;   Development Value: On
;   Production Value: Off

; url_rewriter.tags
;   Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset="
;   Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
;   Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"

; variables_order
;   Default Value: "EGPCS"
;   Development Value: "GPCS"
;   Production Value: "GPCS"

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; php.ini Options  ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Name for user-defined php.ini (.htaccess) files. Default is ".user.ini"
;user_ini.filename = ".user.ini"

; To disable this feature set this option to empty value
;user_ini.filename =

; TTL for user-defined php.ini files (time-to-live) in seconds. Default is 300 seconds (5 minutes)
;user_ini.cache_ttl = 300

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Language Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Enable the PHP scripting language engine under Apache.
; http://php.net/engine
engine = On

; This directive determines whether or not PHP will recognize code between
; <? and ?> tags as PHP source which should be processed as such. It is
; generally recommended that <?php and ?> should be used and that this feature
; should be disabled, as enabling it may result in issues when generating XML
; documents, however this remains supported for backward compatibility reasons.
; Note that this directive does not control the <?= shorthand tag, which can be
; used regardless of this directive.
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/short-open-tag
short_open_tag = Off

; Allow ASP-style <% %> tags.
; http://php.net/asp-tags
asp_tags = Off

; The number of significant digits displayed in floating point numbers.
; http://php.net/precision
precision = 14

; Output buffering is a mechanism for controlling how much output data
; (excluding headers and cookies) PHP should keep internally before pushing that
; data to the client. If your application's output exceeds this setting, PHP
; will send that data in chunks of roughly the size you specify.
; Turning on this setting and managing its maximum buffer size can yield some
; interesting side-effects depending on your application and web server.
; You may be able to send headers and cookies after you've already sent output
; through print or echo. You also may see performance benefits if your server is
; emitting less packets due to buffered output versus PHP streaming the output
; as it gets it. On production servers, 4096 bytes is a good setting for performance
; reasons.
; Note: Output buffering can also be controlled via Output Buffering Control
;   functions.
; Possible Values:
;   On = Enabled and buffer is unlimited. (Use with caution)
;   Off = Disabled
;   Integer = Enables the buffer and sets its maximum size in bytes.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: 4096
; Production Value: 4096
; http://php.net/output-buffering
output_buffering = 4096

; You can redirect all of the output of your scripts to a function.  For
; example, if you set output_handler to "mb_output_handler", character
; encoding will be transparently converted to the specified encoding.
; Setting any output handler automatically turns on output buffering.
; Note: People who wrote portable scripts should not depend on this ini
;   directive. Instead, explicitly set the output handler using ob_start().
;   Using this ini directive may cause problems unless you know what script
;   is doing.
; Note: You cannot use both "mb_output_handler" with "ob_iconv_handler"
;   and you cannot use both "ob_gzhandler" and "zlib.output_compression".
; Note: output_handler must be empty if this is set 'On' !!!!
;   Instead you must use zlib.output_handler.
; http://php.net/output-handler
;output_handler =

; Transparent output compression using the zlib library
; Valid values for this option are 'off', 'on', or a specific buffer size
; to be used for compression (default is 4KB)
; Note: Resulting chunk size may vary due to nature of compression. PHP
;   outputs chunks that are few hundreds bytes each as a result of
;   compression. If you prefer a larger chunk size for better
;   performance, enable output_buffering in addition.
; Note: You need to use zlib.output_handler instead of the standard
;   output_handler, or otherwise the output will be corrupted.
; http://php.net/zlib.output-compression
zlib.output_compression = Off

; http://php.net/zlib.output-compression-level
;zlib.output_compression_level = -1

; You cannot specify additional output handlers if zlib.output_compression
; is activated here. This setting does the same as output_handler but in
; a different order.
; http://php.net/zlib.output-handler
;zlib.output_handler =

; Implicit flush tells PHP to tell the output layer to flush itself
; automatically after every output block.  This is equivalent to calling the
; PHP function flush() after each and every call to print() or echo() and each
; and every HTML block.  Turning this option on has serious performance
; implications and is generally recommended for debugging purposes only.
; http://php.net/implicit-flush
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to On for the CLI SAPI
implicit_flush = Off

; The unserialize callback function will be called (with the undefined class'
; name as parameter), if the unserializer finds an undefined class
; which should be instantiated. A warning appears if the specified function is
; not defined, or if the function doesn't include/implement the missing class.
; So only set this entry, if you really want to implement such a
; callback-function.
unserialize_callback_func =

; When floats & doubles are serialized store serialize_precision significant
; digits after the floating point. The default value ensures that when floats
; are decoded with unserialize, the data will remain the same.
serialize_precision = 17

; open_basedir, if set, limits all file operations to the defined directory
; and below.  This directive makes most sense if used in a per-directory
; or per-virtualhost web server configuration file.
; http://php.net/open-basedir
;open_basedir =

; This directive allows you to disable certain functions for security reasons.
; It receives a comma-delimited list of function names.
; http://php.net/disable-functions
disable_functions =

; This directive allows you to disable certain classes for security reasons.
; It receives a comma-delimited list of class names.
; http://php.net/disable-classes
disable_classes =

; Colors for Syntax Highlighting mode.  Anything that's acceptable in
; <span style="color: ???????"> would work.
; http://php.net/syntax-highlighting
;highlight.string  = #DD0000
;highlight.comment = #FF9900
;highlight.keyword = #007700
;highlight.default = #0000BB
;highlight.html    = #000000

; If enabled, the request will be allowed to complete even if the user aborts
; the request. Consider enabling it if executing long requests, which may end up
; being interrupted by the user or a browser timing out. PHP's default behavior
; is to disable this feature.
; http://php.net/ignore-user-abort
;ignore_user_abort = On

; Determines the size of the realpath cache to be used by PHP. This value should
; be increased on systems where PHP opens many files to reflect the quantity of
; the file operations performed.
; http://php.net/realpath-cache-size
;realpath_cache_size = 16k

; Duration of time, in seconds for which to cache realpath information for a given
; file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing this
; value.
; http://php.net/realpath-cache-ttl
;realpath_cache_ttl = 120

; Enables or disables the circular reference collector.
; http://php.net/zend.enable-gc
zend.enable_gc = On

; If enabled, scripts may be written in encodings that are incompatible with
; the scanner.  CP936, Big5, CP949 and Shift_JIS are the examples of such
; encodings.  To use this feature, mbstring extension must be enabled.
; Default: Off
;zend.multibyte = Off

; Allows to set the default encoding for the scripts.  This value will be used
; unless "declare(encoding=...)" directive appears at the top of the script.
; Only affects if zend.multibyte is set.
; Default: ""
;zend.script_encoding =

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Miscellaneous ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Decides whether PHP may expose the fact that it is installed on the server
; (e.g. by adding its signature to the Web server header).  It is no security
; threat in any way, but it makes it possible to determine whether you use PHP
; on your server or not.
; http://php.net/expose-php
expose_php = On

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Resource Limits ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds
; http://php.net/max-execution-time
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to 0 for the CLI SAPI
max_execution_time = 30

; Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data. It's a good
; idea to limit this time on productions servers in order to eliminate unexpectedly
; long running scripts.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to -1 for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: -1 (Unlimited)
; Development Value: 60 (60 seconds)
; Production Value: 60 (60 seconds)
; http://php.net/max-input-time
max_input_time = 60

; Maximum input variable nesting level
; http://php.net/max-input-nesting-level
;max_input_nesting_level = 64

; How many GET/POST/COOKIE input variables may be accepted
; max_input_vars = 1000

; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (128MB)
; http://php.net/memory-limit
memory_limit = 128M

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Error handling and logging ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; This directive informs PHP of which errors, warnings and notices you would like
; it to take action for. The recommended way of setting values for this
; directive is through the use of the error level constants and bitwise
; operators. The error level constants are below here for convenience as well as
; some common settings and their meanings.
; By default, PHP is set to take action on all errors, notices and warnings EXCEPT
; those related to E_NOTICE and E_STRICT, which together cover best practices and
; recommended coding standards in PHP. For performance reasons, this is the
; recommend error reporting setting. Your production server shouldn't be wasting
; resources complaining about best practices and coding standards. That's what
; development servers and development settings are for.
; Note: The php.ini-development file has this setting as E_ALL. This
; means it pretty much reports everything which is exactly what you want during
; development and early testing.
;
; Error Level Constants:
; E_ALL             - All errors and warnings (includes E_STRICT as of PHP 5.4.0)
; E_ERROR           - fatal run-time errors
; E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR  - almost fatal run-time errors
; E_WARNING         - run-time warnings (non-fatal errors)
; E_PARSE           - compile-time parse errors
; E_NOTICE          - run-time notices (these are warnings which often result
;                     from a bug in your code, but it's possible that it was
;                     intentional (e.g., using an uninitialized variable and
;                     relying on the fact it is automatically initialized to an
;                     empty string)
; E_STRICT          - run-time notices, enable to have PHP suggest changes
;                     to your code which will ensure the best interoperability
;                     and forward compatibility of your code
; E_CORE_ERROR      - fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup
; E_CORE_WARNING    - warnings (non-fatal errors) that occur during PHP's
;                     initial startup
; E_COMPILE_ERROR   - fatal compile-time errors
; E_COMPILE_WARNING - compile-time warnings (non-fatal errors)
; E_USER_ERROR      - user-generated error message
; E_USER_WARNING    - user-generated warning message
; E_USER_NOTICE     - user-generated notice message
; E_DEPRECATED      - warn about code that will not work in future versions
;                     of PHP
; E_USER_DEPRECATED - user-generated deprecation warnings
;
; Common Values:
;   E_ALL (Show all errors, warnings and notices including coding standards.)
;   E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE  (Show all errors, except for notices)
;   E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT  (Show all errors, except for notices and coding standards warnings.)
;   E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR  (Show only errors)
; Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED
; Development Value: E_ALL
; Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT
; http://php.net/error-reporting
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT

; This directive controls whether or not and where PHP will output errors,
; notices and warnings too. Error output is very useful during development, but
; it could be very dangerous in production environments. Depending on the code
; which is triggering the error, sensitive information could potentially leak
; out of your application such as database usernames and passwords or worse.
; For production environments, we recommend logging errors rather than
; sending them to STDOUT.
; Possible Values:
;   Off = Do not display any errors
;   stderr = Display errors to STDERR (affects only CGI/CLI binaries!)
;   On or stdout = Display errors to STDOUT
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/display-errors
display_errors = Off

; The display of errors which occur during PHP's startup sequence are handled
; separately from display_errors. PHP's default behavior is to suppress those
; errors from clients. Turning the display of startup errors on can be useful in
; debugging configuration problems. We strongly recommend you
; set this to 'off' for production servers.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/display-startup-errors
display_startup_errors = Off

; Besides displaying errors, PHP can also log errors to locations such as a
; server-specific log, STDERR, or a location specified by the error_log
; directive found below. While errors should not be displayed on productions
; servers they should still be monitored and logging is a great way to do that.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: On
; http://php.net/log-errors
log_errors = On

; Set maximum length of log_errors. In error_log information about the source is
; added. The default is 1024 and 0 allows to not apply any maximum length at all.
; http://php.net/log-errors-max-len
log_errors_max_len = 1024

; Do not log repeated messages. Repeated errors must occur in same file on same
; line unless ignore_repeated_source is set true.
; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-errors
ignore_repeated_errors = Off

; Ignore source of message when ignoring repeated messages. When this setting
; is On you will not log errors with repeated messages from different files or
; source lines.
; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-source
ignore_repeated_source = Off

; If this parameter is set to Off, then memory leaks will not be shown (on
; stdout or in the log). This has only effect in a debug compile, and if
; error reporting includes E_WARNING in the allowed list
; http://php.net/report-memleaks
report_memleaks = On

; This setting is on by default.
;report_zend_debug = 0

; Store the last error/warning message in $php_errormsg (boolean). Setting this value
; to On can assist in debugging and is appropriate for development servers. It should
; however be disabled on production servers.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/track-errors
track_errors = Off

; Turn off normal error reporting and emit XML-RPC error XML
; http://php.net/xmlrpc-errors
;xmlrpc_errors = 0

; An XML-RPC faultCode
;xmlrpc_error_number = 0

; When PHP displays or logs an error, it has the capability of formatting the
; error message as HTML for easier reading. This directive controls whether
; the error message is formatted as HTML or not.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production value: On
; http://php.net/html-errors
html_errors = On

; If html_errors is set to On *and* docref_root is not empty, then PHP
; produces clickable error messages that direct to a page describing the error
; or function causing the error in detail.
; You can download a copy of the PHP manual from http://php.net/docs
; and change docref_root to the base URL of your local copy including the
; leading '/'. You must also specify the file extension being used including
; the dot. PHP's default behavior is to leave these settings empty, in which
; case no links to documentation are generated.
; Note: Never use this feature for production boxes.
; http://php.net/docref-root
; Examples
;docref_root = "/phpmanual/"

; http://php.net/docref-ext
;docref_ext = .html

; String to output before an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave
; this setting blank.
; http://php.net/error-prepend-string
; Example:
;error_prepend_string = "<span style='color: #ff0000'>"

; String to output after an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave
; this setting blank.
; http://php.net/error-append-string
; Example:
;error_append_string = "</span>"

; Log errors to specified file. PHP's default behavior is to leave this value
; empty.
; http://php.net/error-log
; Example:
;error_log = php_errors.log
; Log errors to syslog (Event Log on Windows).
;error_log = syslog

;windows.show_crt_warning
; Default value: 0
; Development value: 0
; Production value: 0

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Data Handling ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; The separator used in PHP generated URLs to separate arguments.
; PHP's default setting is "&".
; http://php.net/arg-separator.output
; Example:
;arg_separator.output = "&amp;"

; List of separator(s) used by PHP to parse input URLs into variables.
; PHP's default setting is "&".
; NOTE: Every character in this directive is considered as separator!
; http://php.net/arg-separator.input
; Example:
;arg_separator.input = ";&"

; This directive determines which super global arrays are registered when PHP
; starts up. G,P,C,E & S are abbreviations for the following respective super
; globals: GET, POST, COOKIE, ENV and SERVER. There is a performance penalty
; paid for the registration of these arrays and because ENV is not as commonly
; used as the others, ENV is not recommended on productions servers. You
; can still get access to the environment variables through getenv() should you
; need to.
; Default Value: "EGPCS"
; Development Value: "GPCS"
; Production Value: "GPCS";
; http://php.net/variables-order
variables_order = "GPCS"

; This directive determines which super global data (G,P & C) should be
; registered into the super global array REQUEST. If so, it also determines
; the order in which that data is registered. The values for this directive
; are specified in the same manner as the variables_order directive,
; EXCEPT one. Leaving this value empty will cause PHP to use the value set
; in the variables_order directive. It does not mean it will leave the super
; globals array REQUEST empty.
; Default Value: None
; Development Value: "GP"
; Production Value: "GP"
; http://php.net/request-order
request_order = "GP"

; This directive determines whether PHP registers $argv & $argc each time it
; runs. $argv contains an array of all the arguments passed to PHP when a script
; is invoked. $argc contains an integer representing the number of arguments
; that were passed when the script was invoked. These arrays are extremely
; useful when running scripts from the command line. When this directive is
; enabled, registering these variables consumes CPU cycles and memory each time
; a script is executed. For performance reasons, this feature should be disabled
; on production servers.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to On for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/register-argc-argv
register_argc_argv = Off

; When enabled, the ENV, REQUEST and SERVER variables are created when they're
; first used (Just In Time) instead of when the script starts. If these
; variables are not used within a script, having this directive on will result
; in a performance gain. The PHP directive register_argc_argv must be disabled
; for this directive to have any affect.
; http://php.net/auto-globals-jit
auto_globals_jit = On

; Whether PHP will read the POST data.
; This option is enabled by default.
; Most likely, you won't want to disable this option globally. It causes $_POST
; and $_FILES to always be empty; the only way you will be able to read the
; POST data will be through the php://input stream wrapper. This can be useful
; to proxy requests or to process the POST data in a memory efficient fashion.
; http://php.net/enable-post-data-reading
;enable_post_data_reading = Off

; Maximum size of POST data that PHP will accept.
; Its value may be 0 to disable the limit. It is ignored if POST data reading
; is disabled through enable_post_data_reading.
; http://php.net/post-max-size
post_max_size = 100M

; Automatically add files before PHP document.
; http://php.net/auto-prepend-file
auto_prepend_file =

; Automatically add files after PHP document.
; http://php.net/auto-append-file
auto_append_file =

; By default, PHP will output a media type using the Content-Type header. To
; disable this, simply set it to be empty.
;
; PHP's built-in default media type is set to text/html.
; http://php.net/default-mimetype
default_mimetype = "text/html"

; PHP's default character set is set to UTF-8.
; http://php.net/default-charset
default_charset = "UTF-8"

; PHP internal character encoding is set to empty.
; If empty, default_charset is used.
; http://php.net/internal-encoding
;internal_encoding =

; PHP input character encoding is set to empty.
; If empty, default_charset is used.
; http://php.net/input-encoding
;input_encoding =

; PHP output character encoding is set to empty.
; If empty, default_charset is used.
; See also output_buffer.
; http://php.net/output-encoding
;output_encoding =

; Always populate the $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA variable. PHP's default behavior is
; to disable this feature and it will be removed in a future version.
; If post reading is disabled through enable_post_data_reading,
; $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA is *NOT* populated.
; http://php.net/always-populate-raw-post-data
;always_populate_raw_post_data = -1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Paths and Directories ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; UNIX: "/path1:/path2"
;include_path = ".:/php/includes"
;
; Windows: "\path1;\path2"
;include_path = ".;c:\php\includes"
;
; PHP's default setting for include_path is ".;/path/to/php/pear"
; http://php.net/include-path

; The root of the PHP pages, used only if nonempty.
; if PHP was not compiled with FORCE_REDIRECT, you SHOULD set doc_root
; if you are running php as a CGI under any web server (other than IIS)
; see documentation for security issues.  The alternate is to use the
; cgi.force_redirect configuration below
; http://php.net/doc-root
doc_root =

; The directory under which PHP opens the script using /~username used only
; if nonempty.
; http://php.net/user-dir
user_dir =

; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside.
; http://php.net/extension-dir
; extension_dir = "./"
; On windows:
; extension_dir = "ext"

; Directory where the temporary files should be placed.
; Defaults to the system default (see sys_get_temp_dir)
; sys_temp_dir = "/tmp"

; Whether or not to enable the dl() function.  The dl() function does NOT work
; properly in multithreaded servers, such as IIS or Zeus, and is automatically
; disabled on them.
; http://php.net/enable-dl
enable_dl = Off

; cgi.force_redirect is necessary to provide security running PHP as a CGI under
; most web servers.  Left undefined, PHP turns this on by default.  You can
; turn it off here AT YOUR OWN RISK
; **You CAN safely turn this off for IIS, in fact, you MUST.**
; http://php.net/cgi.force-redirect
;cgi.force_redirect = 1

; if cgi.nph is enabled it will force cgi to always sent Status: 200 with
; every request. PHP's default behavior is to disable this feature.
;cgi.nph = 1

; if cgi.force_redirect is turned on, and you are not running under Apache or Netscape
; (iPlanet) web servers, you MAY need to set an environment variable name that PHP
; will look for to know it is OK to continue execution.  Setting this variable MAY
; cause security issues, KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING FIRST.
; http://php.net/cgi.redirect-status-env
;cgi.redirect_status_env =

; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI.  PHP's
; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok
; what PATH_INFO is.  For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs.  Setting
; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec.  A setting
; of zero causes PHP to behave as before.  Default is 1.  You should fix your scripts
; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED.
; http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo
;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

; if cgi.discard_path is enabled, the PHP CGI binary can safely be placed outside
; of the web tree and people will not be able to circumvent .htaccess security.
; http://php.net/cgi.dicard-path
;cgi.discard_path=1

; FastCGI under IIS (on WINNT based OS) supports the ability to impersonate
; security tokens of the calling client.  This allows IIS to define the
; security context that the request runs under.  mod_fastcgi under Apache
; does not currently support this feature (03/17/2002)
; Set to 1 if running under IIS.  Default is zero.
; http://php.net/fastcgi.impersonate
;fastcgi.impersonate = 1

; Disable logging through FastCGI connection. PHP's default behavior is to enable
; this feature.
;fastcgi.logging = 0

; cgi.rfc2616_headers configuration option tells PHP what type of headers to
; use when sending HTTP response code. If set to 0, PHP sends Status: header that
; is supported by Apache. When this option is set to 1, PHP will send
; RFC2616 compliant header.
; Default is zero.
; http://php.net/cgi.rfc2616-headers
;cgi.rfc2616_headers = 0

; cgi.check_shebang_line controls whether CGI PHP checks for line starting with #!
; (shebang) at the top of the running script. This line might be needed if the
; script support running both as stand-alone script and via PHP CGI<. PHP in CGI
; mode skips this line and ignores its content if this directive is turned on.
; http://php.net/cgi.check-shebang-line
;cgi.check_shebang_line=1

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; File Uploads ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads.
; http://php.net/file-uploads
file_uploads = On

; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not
; specified).
; http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir
;upload_tmp_dir =

; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files.
; http://php.net/upload-max-filesize
upload_max_filesize = 100M

; Maximum number of files that can be uploaded via a single request
max_file_uploads = 20

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Fopen wrappers ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Whether to allow the treatment of URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files.
; http://php.net/allow-url-fopen
allow_url_fopen = On

; Whether to allow include/require to open URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files.
; http://php.net/allow-url-include
allow_url_include = Off

; Define the anonymous ftp password (your email address). PHP's default setting
; for this is empty.
; http://php.net/from
;from="john@doe.com"

; Define the User-Agent string. PHP's default setting for this is empty.
; http://php.net/user-agent
;user_agent="PHP"

; Default timeout for socket based streams (seconds)
; http://php.net/default-socket-timeout
default_socket_timeout = 60

; If your scripts have to deal with files from Macintosh systems,
; or you are running on a Mac and need to deal with files from
; unix or win32 systems, setting this flag will cause PHP to
; automatically detect the EOL character in those files so that
; fgets() and file() will work regardless of the source of the file.
; http://php.net/auto-detect-line-endings
;auto_detect_line_endings = Off

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Dynamic Extensions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; If you wish to have an extension loaded automatically, use the following
; syntax:
;
;   extension=modulename.extension
;
; For example, on Windows:
;
;   extension=msql.dll
;
; ... or under UNIX:
;
;   extension=msql.so
;
; ... or with a path:
;
;   extension=/path/to/extension/msql.so
;
; If you only provide the name of the extension, PHP will look for it in its
; default extension directory.
;
; Windows Extensions
; Note that ODBC support is built in, so no dll is needed for it.
; Note that many DLL files are located in the extensions/ (PHP 4) ext/ (PHP 5)
; extension folders as well as the separate PECL DLL download (PHP 5).
; Be sure to appropriately set the extension_dir directive.
;
;extension=php_bz2.dll
;extension=php_curl.dll
;extension=php_fileinfo.dll
;extension=php_gd2.dll
;extension=php_gettext.dll
;extension=php_gmp.dll
;extension=php_intl.dll
;extension=php_imap.dll
;extension=php_interbase.dll
;extension=php_ldap.dll
;extension=php_mbstring.dll
;extension=php_exif.dll      ; Must be after mbstring as it depends on it
;extension=php_mysql.dll
;extension=php_mysqli.dll
;extension=php_oci8_12c.dll  ; Use with Oracle Database 12c Instant Client
;extension=php_openssl.dll
;extension=php_pdo_firebird.dll
;extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll
;extension=php_pdo_oci.dll
;extension=php_pdo_odbc.dll
;extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll
;extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll
;extension=php_pgsql.dll
;extension=php_shmop.dll

; The MIBS data available in the PHP distribution must be installed. 
; See http://www.php.net/manual/en/snmp.installation.php 
;extension=php_snmp.dll

;extension=php_soap.dll
;extension=php_sockets.dll
;extension=php_sqlite3.dll
;extension=php_sybase_ct.dll
;extension=php_tidy.dll
;extension=php_xmlrpc.dll
;extension=php_xsl.dll

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Module Settings ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

[CLI Server]
; Whether the CLI web server uses ANSI color coding in its terminal output.
cli_server.color = On

[Date]
; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
; http://php.net/date.timezone
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

; http://php.net/date.default-latitude
;date.default_latitude = 31.7667

; http://php.net/date.default-longitude
;date.default_longitude = 35.2333

; http://php.net/date.sunrise-zenith
;date.sunrise_zenith = 90.583333

; http://php.net/date.sunset-zenith
;date.sunset_zenith = 90.583333

[filter]
; http://php.net/filter.default
;filter.default = unsafe_raw

; http://php.net/filter.default-flags
;filter.default_flags =

[iconv]
; Use of this INI entry is deprecated, use global input_encoding instead.
; If empty, default_charset or input_encoding or iconv.input_encoding is used.
; The precedence is: default_charset < intput_encoding < iconv.input_encoding
;iconv.input_encoding =

; Use of this INI entry is deprecated, use global internal_encoding instead.
; If empty, default_charset or internal_encoding or iconv.internal_encoding is used.
; The precedence is: default_charset < internal_encoding < iconv.internal_encoding
;iconv.internal_encoding =

; Use of this INI entry is deprecated, use global output_encoding instead.
; If empty, default_charset or output_encoding or iconv.output_encoding is used.
; The precedence is: default_charset < output_encoding < iconv.output_encoding
; To use an output encoding conversion, iconv's output handler must be set
; otherwise output encoding conversion cannot be performed.
;iconv.output_encoding =

[intl]
;intl.default_locale =
; This directive allows you to produce PHP errors when some error
; happens within intl functions. The value is the level of the error produced.
; Default is 0, which does not produce any errors.
;intl.error_level = E_WARNING
;intl.use_exceptions = 0

[sqlite3]
;sqlite3.extension_dir =

[Pcre]
;PCRE library backtracking limit.
; http://php.net/pcre.backtrack-limit
;pcre.backtrack_limit=100000

;PCRE library recursion limit.
;Please note that if you set this value to a high number you may consume all
;the available process stack and eventually crash PHP (due to reaching the
;stack size limit imposed by the Operating System).
; http://php.net/pcre.recursion-limit
;pcre.recursion_limit=100000

[Pdo]
; Whether to pool ODBC connections. Can be one of "strict", "relaxed" or "off"
; http://php.net/pdo-odbc.connection-pooling
;pdo_odbc.connection_pooling=strict

;pdo_odbc.db2_instance_name

[Pdo_mysql]
; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache
; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.cache_size
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000

; Default socket name for local MySQL connects.  If empty, uses the built-in
; MySQL defaults.
; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.default-socket
pdo_mysql.default_socket=

[Phar]
; http://php.net/phar.readonly
;phar.readonly = On

; http://php.net/phar.require-hash
;phar.require_hash = On

;phar.cache_list =

[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
; http://php.net/smtp
SMTP = localhost
; http://php.net/smtp-port
smtp_port = 25

; For Win32 only.
; http://php.net/sendmail-from
;sendmail_from = me@example.com

; For Unix only.  You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i").
; http://php.net/sendmail-path
;sendmail_path =

; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters
; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of
; the 5th parameter to mail().
;mail.force_extra_parameters =

; Add X-PHP-Originating-Script: that will include uid of the script followed by the filename
mail.add_x_header = On

; The path to a log file that will log all mail() calls. Log entries include
; the full path of the script, line number, To address and headers.
;mail.log =
; Log mail to syslog (Event Log on Windows).
;mail.log = syslog

[SQL]
; http://php.net/sql.safe-mode
sql.safe_mode = Off

[ODBC]
; http://php.net/odbc.default-db
;odbc.default_db    =  Not yet implemented

; http://php.net/odbc.default-user
;odbc.default_user  =  Not yet implemented

; http://php.net/odbc.default-pw
;odbc.default_pw    =  Not yet implemented

; Controls the ODBC cursor model.
; Default: SQL_CURSOR_STATIC (default).
;odbc.default_cursortype

; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/odbc.allow-persistent
odbc.allow_persistent = On

; Check that a connection is still valid before reuse.
; http://php.net/odbc.check-persistent
odbc.check_persistent = On

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/odbc.max-persistent
odbc.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent).  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/odbc.max-links
odbc.max_links = -1

; Handling of LONG fields.  Returns number of bytes to variables.  0 means
; passthru.
; http://php.net/odbc.defaultlrl
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096

; Handling of binary data.  0 means passthru, 1 return as is, 2 convert to char.
; See the documentation on odbc_binmode and odbc_longreadlen for an explanation
; of odbc.defaultlrl and odbc.defaultbinmode
; http://php.net/odbc.defaultbinmode
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1

;birdstep.max_links = -1

[Interbase]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
ibase.allow_persistent = 1

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
ibase.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent).  -1 means no limit.
ibase.max_links = -1

; Default database name for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_db =

; Default username for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_user =

; Default password for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_password =

; Default charset for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_charset =

; Default timestamp format.
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"

; Default date format.
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"

; Default time format.
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"

[MySQL]
; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements
; http://php.net/mysql.allow_local_infile
mysql.allow_local_infile = On

; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/mysql.allow-persistent
mysql.allow_persistent = On

; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache
; http://php.net/mysql.cache_size
mysql.cache_size = 2000

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysql.max-persistent
mysql.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent).  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysql.max-links
mysql.max_links = -1

; Default port number for mysql_connect().  If unset, mysql_connect() will use
; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the
; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order).  Win32 will only look
; at MYSQL_PORT.
; http://php.net/mysql.default-port
mysql.default_port =

; Default socket name for local MySQL connects.  If empty, uses the built-in
; MySQL defaults.
; http://php.net/mysql.default-socket
mysql.default_socket =

; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysql.default-host
mysql.default_host =

; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysql.default-user
mysql.default_user =

; Default password for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file.
; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysql.default_password")
; and reveal this password!  And of course, any users with read access to this
; file will be able to reveal the password as well.
; http://php.net/mysql.default-password
mysql.default_password =

; Maximum time (in seconds) for connect timeout. -1 means no limit
; http://php.net/mysql.connect-timeout
mysql.connect_timeout = 60

; Trace mode. When trace_mode is active (=On), warnings for table/index scans and
; SQL-Errors will be displayed.
; http://php.net/mysql.trace-mode
mysql.trace_mode = Off

[MySQLi]

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysqli.max-persistent
mysqli.max_persistent = -1

; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements
; http://php.net/mysqli.allow_local_infile
;mysqli.allow_local_infile = On

; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/mysqli.allow-persistent
mysqli.allow_persistent = On

; Maximum number of links.  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysqli.max-links
mysqli.max_links = -1

; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache
; http://php.net/mysqli.cache_size
mysqli.cache_size = 2000

; Default port number for mysqli_connect().  If unset, mysqli_connect() will use
; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the
; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order).  Win32 will only look
; at MYSQL_PORT.
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-port
mysqli.default_port = 3306

; Default socket name for local MySQL connects.  If empty, uses the built-in
; MySQL defaults.
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-socket
mysqli.default_socket =

; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-host
mysqli.default_host =

; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-user
mysqli.default_user =

; Default password for mysqli_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file.
; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysqli.default_pw")
; and reveal this password!  And of course, any users with read access to this
; file will be able to reveal the password as well.
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-pw
mysqli.default_pw =

; Allow or prevent reconnect
mysqli.reconnect = Off

[mysqlnd]
; Enable / Disable collection of general statistics by mysqlnd which can be
; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_statistics
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On

; Enable / Disable collection of memory usage statistics by mysqlnd which can be
; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off

; Records communication from all extensions using mysqlnd to the specified log
; file.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.debug
;mysqlnd.debug =

; Defines which queries will be logged.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.log_mask
;mysqlnd.log_mask = 0

; Default size of the mysqlnd memory pool, which is used by result sets.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.mempool_default_size
;mysqlnd.mempool_default_size = 16000

; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used when sending commands to MySQL in bytes.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size
;mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size = 2048

; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used for reading data sent by the server in
; bytes.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size
;mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size = 32768

; Timeout for network requests in seconds.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_read_timeout
;mysqlnd.net_read_timeout = 31536000

; SHA-256 Authentication Plugin related. File with the MySQL server public RSA
; key.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.sha256_server_public_key
;mysqlnd.sha256_server_public_key =

[OCI8]

; Connection: Enables privileged connections using external
; credentials (OCI_SYSOPER, OCI_SYSDBA)
; http://php.net/oci8.privileged-connect
;oci8.privileged_connect = Off

; Connection: The maximum number of persistent OCI8 connections per
; process. Using -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/oci8.max-persistent
;oci8.max_persistent = -1

; Connection: The maximum number of seconds a process is allowed to
; maintain an idle persistent connection. Using -1 means idle
; persistent connections will be maintained forever.
; http://php.net/oci8.persistent-timeout
;oci8.persistent_timeout = -1

; Connection: The number of seconds that must pass before issuing a
; ping during oci_pconnect() to check the connection validity. When
; set to 0, each oci_pconnect() will cause a ping. Using -1 disables
; pings completely.
; http://php.net/oci8.ping-interval
;oci8.ping_interval = 60

; Connection: Set this to a user chosen connection class to be used
; for all pooled server requests with Oracle 11g Database Resident
; Connection Pooling (DRCP).  To use DRCP, this value should be set to
; the same string for all web servers running the same application,
; the database pool must be configured, and the connection string must
; specify to use a pooled server.
;oci8.connection_class =

; High Availability: Using On lets PHP receive Fast Application
; Notification (FAN) events generated when a database node fails. The
; database must also be configured to post FAN events.
;oci8.events = Off

; Tuning: This option enables statement caching, and specifies how
; many statements to cache. Using 0 disables statement caching.
; http://php.net/oci8.statement-cache-size
;oci8.statement_cache_size = 20

; Tuning: Enables statement prefetching and sets the default number of
; rows that will be fetched automatically after statement execution.
; http://php.net/oci8.default-prefetch
;oci8.default_prefetch = 100

; Compatibility. Using On means oci_close() will not close
; oci_connect() and oci_new_connect() connections.
; http://php.net/oci8.old-oci-close-semantics
;oci8.old_oci_close_semantics = Off

[PostgreSQL]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/pgsql.allow-persistent
pgsql.allow_persistent = On

; Detect broken persistent links always with pg_pconnect().
; Auto reset feature requires a little overheads.
; http://php.net/pgsql.auto-reset-persistent
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/pgsql.max-persistent
pgsql.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent).  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/pgsql.max-links
pgsql.max_links = -1

; Ignore PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not.
; Notice message logging require a little overheads.
; http://php.net/pgsql.ignore-notice
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0

; Log PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not.
; Unless pgsql.ignore_notice=0, module cannot log notice message.
; http://php.net/pgsql.log-notice
pgsql.log_notice = 0

[Sybase-CT]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/sybct.allow-persistent
sybct.allow_persistent = On

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/sybct.max-persistent
sybct.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent).  -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/sybct.max-links
sybct.max_links = -1

; Minimum server message severity to display.
; http://php.net/sybct.min-server-severity
sybct.min_server_severity = 10

; Minimum client message severity to display.
; http://php.net/sybct.min-client-severity
sybct.min_client_severity = 10

; Set per-context timeout
; http://php.net/sybct.timeout
;sybct.timeout=

;sybct.packet_size

; The maximum time in seconds to wait for a connection attempt to succeed before returning failure.
; Default: one minute
;sybct.login_timeout=

; The name of the host you claim to be connecting from, for display by sp_who.
; Default: none
;sybct.hostname=

; Allows you to define how often deadlocks are to be retried. -1 means "forever".
; Default: 0
;sybct.deadlock_retry_count=

[bcmath]
; Number of decimal digits for all bcmath functions.
; http://php.net/bcmath.scale
bcmath.scale = 0

[browscap]
; http://php.net/browscap
;browscap = extra/browscap.ini

[Session]
; Handler used to store/retrieve data.
; http://php.net/session.save-handler
session.save_handler = files

; Argument passed to save_handler.  In the case of files, this is the path
; where data files are stored. Note: Windows users have to change this
; variable in order to use PHP's session functions.
;
; The path can be defined as:
;
;     session.save_path = "N;/path"
;
; where N is an integer.  Instead of storing all the session files in
; /path, what this will do is use subdirectories N-levels deep, and
; store the session data in those directories.  This is useful if
; your OS has problems with many files in one directory, and is
; a more efficient layout for servers that handle many sessions.
;
; NOTE 1: PHP will not create this directory structure automatically.
;         You can use the script in the ext/session dir for that purpose.
; NOTE 2: See the section on garbage collection below if you choose to
;         use subdirectories for session storage
;
; The file storage module creates files using mode 600 by default.
; You can change that by using
;
;     session.save_path = "N;MODE;/path"
;
; where MODE is the octal representation of the mode. Note that this
; does not overwrite the process's umask.
; http://php.net/session.save-path
;session.save_path = "/tmp"

; Whether to use strict session mode.
; Strict session mode does not accept uninitialized session ID and regenerate
; session ID if browser sends uninitialized session ID. Strict mode protects
; applications from session fixation via session adoption vulnerability. It is
; disabled by default for maximum compatibility, but enabling it is encouraged.
; https://wiki.php.net/rfc/strict_sessions
session.use_strict_mode = 0

; Whether to use cookies.
; http://php.net/session.use-cookies
session.use_cookies = 1

; http://php.net/session.cookie-secure
;session.cookie_secure =

; This option forces PHP to fetch and use a cookie for storing and maintaining
; the session id. We encourage this operation as it's very helpful in combating
; session hijacking when not specifying and managing your own session id. It is
; not the be-all and end-all of session hijacking defense, but it's a good start.
; http://php.net/session.use-only-cookies
session.use_only_cookies = 1

; Name of the session (used as cookie name).
; http://php.net/session.name
session.name = PHPSESSID

; Initialize session on request startup.
; http://php.net/session.auto-start
session.auto_start = 0

; Lifetime in seconds of cookie or, if 0, until browser is restarted.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-lifetime
session.cookie_lifetime = 0

; The path for which the cookie is valid.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-path
session.cookie_path = /

; The domain for which the cookie is valid.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-domain
session.cookie_domain =

; Whether or not to add the httpOnly flag to the cookie, which makes it inaccessible to browser scripting languages such as JavaScript.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-httponly
session.cookie_httponly =

; Handler used to serialize data.  php is the standard serializer of PHP.
; http://php.net/session.serialize-handler
session.serialize_handler = php

; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started
; on every session initialization. The probability is calculated by using
; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator
; and gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1
; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance
; the gc will run on any give request.
; Default Value: 1
; Development Value: 1
; Production Value: 1
; http://php.net/session.gc-probability
session.gc_probability = 1

; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started on every
; session initialization. The probability is calculated by using the following equation:
; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator and
; session.gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1
; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance
; the gc will run on any give request. Increasing this value to 1000 will give you
; a 0.1% chance the gc will run on any give request. For high volume production servers,
; this is a more efficient approach.
; Default Value: 100
; Development Value: 1000
; Production Value: 1000
; http://php.net/session.gc-divisor
session.gc_divisor = 1000

; After this number of seconds, stored data will be seen as 'garbage' and
; cleaned up by the garbage collection process.
; http://php.net/session.gc-maxlifetime
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440

; NOTE: If you are using the subdirectory option for storing session files
;       (see session.save_path above), then garbage collection does *not*
;       happen automatically.  You will need to do your own garbage
;       collection through a shell script, cron entry, or some other method.
;       For example, the following script would is the equivalent of
;       setting session.gc_maxlifetime to 1440 (1440 seconds = 24 minutes):
;          find /path/to/sessions -cmin +24 -type f | xargs rm

; Check HTTP Referer to invalidate externally stored URLs containing ids.
; HTTP_REFERER has to contain this substring for the session to be
; considered as valid.
; http://php.net/session.referer-check
session.referer_check =

; How many bytes to read from the file.
; http://php.net/session.entropy-length
;session.entropy_length = 32

; Specified here to create the session id.
; http://php.net/session.entropy-file
; Defaults to /dev/urandom
; On systems that don't have /dev/urandom but do have /dev/arandom, this will default to /dev/arandom
; If neither are found at compile time, the default is no entropy file.
; On windows, setting the entropy_length setting will activate the
; Windows random source (using the CryptoAPI)
;session.entropy_file = /dev/urandom

; Set to {nocache,private,public,} to determine HTTP caching aspects
; or leave this empty to avoid sending anti-caching headers.
; http://php.net/session.cache-limiter
session.cache_limiter = nocache

; Document expires after n minutes.
; http://php.net/session.cache-expire
session.cache_expire = 180

; trans sid support is disabled by default.
; Use of trans sid may risk your users' security.
; Use this option with caution.
; - User may send URL contains active session ID
;   to other person via. email/irc/etc.
; - URL that contains active session ID may be stored
;   in publicly accessible computer.
; - User may access your site with the same session ID
;   always using URL stored in browser's history or bookmarks.
; http://php.net/session.use-trans-sid
session.use_trans_sid = 0

; Select a hash function for use in generating session ids.
; Possible Values
;   0  (MD5 128 bits)
;   1  (SHA-1 160 bits)
; This option may also be set to the name of any hash function supported by
; the hash extension. A list of available hashes is returned by the hash_algos()
; function.
; http://php.net/session.hash-function
session.hash_function = 0

; Define how many bits are stored in each character when converting
; the binary hash data to something readable.
; Possible values:
;   4  (4 bits: 0-9, a-f)
;   5  (5 bits: 0-9, a-v)
;   6  (6 bits: 0-9, a-z, A-Z, "-", ",")
; Default Value: 4
; Development Value: 5
; Production Value: 5
; http://php.net/session.hash-bits-per-character
session.hash_bits_per_character = 5

; The URL rewriter will look for URLs in a defined set of HTML tags.
; form/fieldset are special; if you include them here, the rewriter will
; add a hidden <input> field with the info which is otherwise appended
; to URLs.  If you want XHTML conformity, remove the form entry.
; Note that all valid entries require a "=", even if no value follows.
; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset="
; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
; http://php.net/url-rewriter.tags
url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"

; Enable upload progress tracking in $_SESSION
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: On
; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.enabled
;session.upload_progress.enabled = On

; Cleanup the progress information as soon as all POST data has been read
; (i.e. upload completed).
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: On
; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.cleanup
;session.upload_progress.cleanup = On

; A prefix used for the upload progress key in $_SESSION
; Default Value: "upload_progress_"
; Development Value: "upload_progress_"
; Production Value: "upload_progress_"
; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.prefix
;session.upload_progress.prefix = "upload_progress_"

; The index name (concatenated with the prefix) in $_SESSION
; containing the upload progress information
; Default Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS"
; Development Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS"
; Production Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS"
; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.name
;session.upload_progress.name = "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS"

; How frequently the upload progress should be updated.
; Given either in percentages (per-file), or in bytes
; Default Value: "1%"
; Development Value: "1%"
; Production Value: "1%"
; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.freq
;session.upload_progress.freq =  "1%"

; The minimum delay between updates, in seconds
; Default Value: 1
; Development Value: 1
; Production Value: 1
; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.min-freq
;session.upload_progress.min_freq = "1"

[MSSQL]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
mssql.allow_persistent = On

; Maximum number of persistent links.  -1 means no limit.
mssql.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent).  -1 means no limit.
mssql.max_links = -1

; Minimum error severity to display.
mssql.min_error_severity = 10

; Minimum message severity to display.
mssql.min_message_severity = 10

; Compatibility mode with old versions of PHP 3.0.
mssql.compatibility_mode = Off

; Connect timeout
;mssql.connect_timeout = 5

; Query timeout
;mssql.timeout = 60

; Valid range 0 - 2147483647.  Default = 4096.
;mssql.textlimit = 4096

; Valid range 0 - 2147483647.  Default = 4096.
;mssql.textsize = 4096

; Limits the number of records in each batch.  0 = all records in one batch.
;mssql.batchsize = 0

; Specify how datetime and datetim4 columns are returned
; On => Returns data converted to SQL server settings
; Off => Returns values as YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
;mssql.datetimeconvert = On

; Use NT authentication when connecting to the server
mssql.secure_connection = Off

; Specify max number of processes. -1 = library default
; msdlib defaults to 25
; FreeTDS defaults to 4096
;mssql.max_procs = -1

; Specify client character set.
; If empty or not set the client charset from freetds.conf is used
; This is only used when compiled with FreeTDS
;mssql.charset = "ISO-8859-1"

[Assertion]
; Assert(expr); active by default.
; http://php.net/assert.active
;assert.active = On

; Issue a PHP warning for each failed assertion.
; http://php.net/assert.warning
;assert.warning = On

; Don't bail out by default.
; http://php.net/assert.bail
;assert.bail = Off

; User-function to be called if an assertion fails.
; http://php.net/assert.callback
;assert.callback = 0

; Eval the expression with current error_reporting().  Set to true if you want
; error_reporting(0) around the eval().
; http://php.net/assert.quiet-eval
;assert.quiet_eval = 0

[COM]
; path to a file containing GUIDs, IIDs or filenames of files with TypeLibs
; http://php.net/com.typelib-file
;com.typelib_file =

; allow Distributed-COM calls
; http://php.net/com.allow-dcom
;com.allow_dcom = true

; autoregister constants of a components typlib on com_load()
; http://php.net/com.autoregister-typelib
;com.autoregister_typelib = true

; register constants casesensitive
; http://php.net/com.autoregister-casesensitive
;com.autoregister_casesensitive = false

; show warnings on duplicate constant registrations
; http://php.net/com.autoregister-verbose
;com.autoregister_verbose = true

; The default character set code-page to use when passing strings to and from COM objects.
; Default: system ANSI code page
;com.code_page=

[mbstring]
; language for internal character representation.
; This affects mb_send_mail() and mbstrig.detect_order.
; http://php.net/mbstring.language
;mbstring.language = Japanese

; Use of this INI entry is deprecated, use global internal_encoding instead.
; internal/script encoding.
; Some encoding cannot work as internal encoding. (e.g. SJIS, BIG5, ISO-2022-*)
; If empty, default_charset or internal_encoding or iconv.internal_encoding is used.
; The precedence is: default_charset < internal_encoding < iconv.internal_encoding
;mbstring.internal_encoding =

; Use of this INI entry is deprecated, use global input_encoding instead.
; http input encoding.
; mbstring.encoding_traslation = On is needed to use this setting.
; If empty, default_charset or input_encoding or mbstring.input is used.
; The precedence is: default_charset < intput_encoding < mbsting.http_input
; http://php.net/mbstring.http-input
;mbstring.http_input =

; Use of this INI entry is deprecated, use global output_encoding instead.
; http output encoding.
; mb_output_handler must be registered as output buffer to function.
; If empty, default_charset or output_encoding or mbstring.http_output is used.
; The precedence is: default_charset < output_encoding < mbstring.http_output
; To use an output encoding conversion, mbstring's output handler must be set
; otherwise output encoding conversion cannot be performed.
; http://php.net/mbstring.http-output
;mbstring.http_output =

; enable automatic encoding translation according to
; mbstring.internal_encoding setting. Input chars are
; converted to internal encoding by setting this to On.
; Note: Do _not_ use automatic encoding translation for
;       portable libs/applications.
; http://php.net/mbstring.encoding-translation
;mbstring.encoding_translation = Off

; automatic encoding detection order.
; "auto" detect order is changed according to mbstring.language
; http://php.net/mbstring.detect-order
;mbstring.detect_order = auto

; substitute_character used when character cannot be converted
; one from another
; http://php.net/mbstring.substitute-character
;mbstring.substitute_character = none

; overload(replace) single byte functions by mbstring functions.
; mail(), ereg(), etc are overloaded by mb_send_mail(), mb_ereg(),
; etc. Possible values are 0,1,2,4 or combination of them.
; For example, 7 for overload everything.
; 0: No overload
; 1: Overload mail() function
; 2: Overload str*() functions
; 4: Overload ereg*() functions
; http://php.net/mbstring.func-overload
;mbstring.func_overload = 0

; enable strict encoding detection.
; Default: Off
;mbstring.strict_detection = On

; This directive specifies the regex pattern of content types for which mb_output_handler()
; is activated.
; Default: mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype=^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)
;mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype=

[gd]
; Tell the jpeg decode to ignore warnings and try to create
; a gd image. The warning will then be displayed as notices
; disabled by default
; http://php.net/gd.jpeg-ignore-warning
;gd.jpeg_ignore_warning = 0

[exif]
; Exif UNICODE user comments are handled as UCS-2BE/UCS-2LE and JIS as JIS.
; With mbstring support this will automatically be converted into the encoding
; given by corresponding encode setting. When empty mbstring.internal_encoding
; is used. For the decode settings you can distinguish between motorola and
; intel byte order. A decode setting cannot be empty.
; http://php.net/exif.encode-unicode
;exif.encode_unicode = ISO-8859-15

; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-motorola
;exif.decode_unicode_motorola = UCS-2BE

; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-intel
;exif.decode_unicode_intel    = UCS-2LE

; http://php.net/exif.encode-jis
;exif.encode_jis =

; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-motorola
;exif.decode_jis_motorola = JIS

; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-intel
;exif.decode_jis_intel    = JIS

[Tidy]
; The path to a default tidy configuration file to use when using tidy
; http://php.net/tidy.default-config
;tidy.default_config = /usr/local/lib/php/default.tcfg

; Should tidy clean and repair output automatically?
; WARNING: Do not use this option if you are generating non-html content
; such as dynamic images
; http://php.net/tidy.clean-output
tidy.clean_output = Off

[soap]
; Enables or disables WSDL caching feature.
; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-enabled
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1

; Sets the directory name where SOAP extension will put cache files.
; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-dir
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"

; (time to live) Sets the number of second while cached file will be used
; instead of original one.
; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-ttl
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400

; Sets the size of the cache limit. (Max. number of WSDL files to cache)
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5

[sysvshm]
; A default size of the shared memory segment
;sysvshm.init_mem = 10000

[ldap]
; Sets the maximum number of open links or -1 for unlimited.
ldap.max_links = -1

[mcrypt]
; For more information about mcrypt settings see http://php.net/mcrypt-module-open

; Directory where to load mcrypt algorithms
; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt)
;mcrypt.algorithms_dir=

; Directory where to load mcrypt modes
; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt)
;mcrypt.modes_dir=

[dba]
;dba.default_handler=

[opcache]
; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled
opcache.enable=1

; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled for the CLI version of PHP
opcache.enable_cli=0

; The OPcache shared memory storage size.
opcache.memory_consumption=128

; The amount of memory for interned strings in Mbytes.
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8

; The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table.
; Only numbers between 200 and 100000 are allowed.
opcache.max_accelerated_files=20000

; The maximum percentage of "wasted" memory until a restart is scheduled.
;opcache.max_wasted_percentage=5

; When this directive is enabled, the OPcache appends the current working
; directory to the script key, thus eliminating possible collisions between
; files with the same name (basename). Disabling the directive improves
; performance, but may break existing applications.
opcache.use_cwd=1

; When disabled, you must reset the OPcache manually or restart the
; webserver for changes to the filesystem to take effect.
opcache.validate_timestamps=1

; How often (in seconds) to check file timestamps for changes to the shared
; memory storage allocation. ("1" means validate once per second, but only
; once per request. "0" means always validate)
opcache.revalidate_freq=0

; Enables or disables file search in include_path optimization
;opcache.revalidate_path=0

; If disabled, all PHPDoc comments are dropped from the code to reduce the
; size of the optimized code.
;opcache.save_comments=1

; If disabled, PHPDoc comments are not loaded from SHM, so "Doc Comments"
; may be always stored (save_comments=1), but not loaded by applications
; that don't need them anyway.
;opcache.load_comments=1

; If enabled, a fast shutdown sequence is used for the accelerated code
;opcache.fast_shutdown=0

; Allow file existence override (file_exists, etc.) performance feature.
;opcache.enable_file_override=0

; A bitmask, where each bit enables or disables the appropriate OPcache
; passes
;opcache.optimization_level=0xffffffff

;opcache.inherited_hack=1
;opcache.dups_fix=0

; The location of the OPcache blacklist file (wildcards allowed).
; Each OPcache blacklist file is a text file that holds the names of files
; that should not be accelerated. The file format is to add each filename
; to a new line. The filename may be a full path or just a file prefix
; (i.e., /var/www/x  blacklists all the files and directories in /var/www
; that start with 'x'). Line starting with a ; are ignored (comments).
;opcache.blacklist_filename=

; Allows exclusion of large files from being cached. By default all files
; are cached.
;opcache.max_file_size=0

; Check the cache checksum each N requests.
; The default value of "0" means that the checks are disabled.
;opcache.consistency_checks=0

; How long to wait (in seconds) for a scheduled restart to begin if the cache
; is not being accessed.
;opcache.force_restart_timeout=180

; OPcache error_log file name. Empty string assumes "stderr".
;opcache.error_log=

; All OPcache errors go to the Web server log.
; By default, only fatal errors (level 0) or errors (level 1) are logged.
; You can also enable warnings (level 2), info messages (level 3) or
; debug messages (level 4).
;opcache.log_verbosity_level=1

; Preferred Shared Memory back-end. Leave empty and let the system decide.
;opcache.preferred_memory_model=

; Protect the shared memory from unexpected writing during script execution.
; Useful for internal debugging only.
;opcache.protect_memory=0

; Validate cached file permissions.
; opcache.validate_permission=0

; Prevent name collisions in chroot'ed environment.
; opcache.validate_root=0

[curl]
; A default value for the CURLOPT_CAINFO option. This is required to be an
; absolute path.
;curl.cainfo =

[openssl]
; The location of a Certificate Authority (CA) file on the local filesystem
; to use when verifying the identity of SSL/TLS peers. Most users should
; not specify a value for this directive as PHP will attempt to use the
; OS-managed cert stores in its absence. If specified, this value may still
; be overridden on a per-stream basis via the "cafile" SSL stream context
; option.
;openssl.cafile=

; If openssl.cafile is not specified or if the CA file is not found, the
; directory pointed to by openssl.capath is searched for a suitable
; certificate. This value must be a correctly hashed certificate directory.
; Most users should not specify a value for this directive as PHP will
; attempt to use the OS-managed cert stores in its absence. If specified,
; this value may still be overridden on a per-stream basis via the "capath"
; SSL stream context option.
;openssl.capath=

; Local Variables:
; tab-width: 4
; End:

php.ini

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix (/usr/local/php). This prefix can be dynamically changed by using the
; '-p' argument from the command line.

; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
;  - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
;  - /usr/local/php otherwise
;include=etc/fpm.d/*.conf

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/php/var
; Default Value: none
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid

; Error log file
; If it's set to "syslog", log is sent to syslogd instead of being written
; in a local file.
; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/php/var
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /usr/local/php/log/php-fpm.log

; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the
; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities
; will be handled differently.
; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON)
; Default Value: daemon
;syslog.facility = daemon

; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM
; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value
; which must suit common needs.
; Default Value: php-fpm
;syslog.ident = php-fpm

; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
log_level = warning

; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0

; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when 
; a graceful restart will be initiated.  This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
emergency_restart_interval = 24h

; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
process_control_timeout = 5s

; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been design to control
; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools.
; Use it with caution.
; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit
; Default Value: 0
; process.max = 128

; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the master process (only if set)
; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lower priority)
; Note: - It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
;       - The pool process will inherit the master process priority
;         unless it specified otherwise
; Default Value: no set
; process.priority = -19

; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
daemonize = no 
 
; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process.
; Default Value: system defined value
rlimit_files = 10240
 
; Set max core size rlimit for the master process.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0

; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available:
; - select     (any POSIX os)
; - poll       (any POSIX os)
; - epoll      (linux >= 2.5.44)
; - kqueue     (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0)
; - /dev/poll  (Solaris >= 7)
; - port       (Solaris >= 10)
; Default Value: not set (auto detection)
;events.mechanism = epoll

; When FPM is build with systemd integration, specify the interval,
; in second, between health report notification to systemd.
; Set to 0 to disable.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default value: 10
;systemd_interval = 10

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ; 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options.  The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)

; Start a new pool named 'www'.
; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the
; pool name ('www' here)
[www]

; Per pool prefix
; It only applies on the following directives:
; - 'access.log'
; - 'slowlog'
; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
; - 'chroot'
; - 'chdir'
; - 'php_values'
; - 'php_admin_values'
; When not set, the global prefix (or /usr/local/php) applies instead.
; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.
; Default Value: none
;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool

; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
;       will be used.
user = nobody
group = nobody

; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
;   'ip.add.re.ss:port'    - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv4 address on
;                            a specific port;
;   '[ip:6:addr:ess]:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv6 address on
;                            a specific port;
;   'port'                 - to listen on a TCP socket to all IPv4 addresses on a
;                            specific port;
;   '[::]:port'            - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses
;                            (IPv6 and IPv4-mapped) on a specific port;
;   '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = 0.0.0.0:9000

; Set listen(2) backlog.
; Default Value: 65535 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
;listen.backlog = 65535

; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. 
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
;                 mode is set to 0660
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
;listen.mode = 0660
; When POSIX Access Control Lists are supported you can set them using
; these options, value is a comma separated list of user/group names.
; When set, listen.owner and listen.group are ignored
;listen.acl_users =
;listen.acl_groups =
 
; List of addresses (IPv4/IPv6) of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
; listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1

; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the pool processes (only if set)
; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lower priority)
; Note: - It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
;       - The pool processes will inherit the master process priority
;         unless it specified otherwise
; Default Value: no set
; process.priority = -19

; Set the process dumpable flag (PR_SET_DUMPABLE prctl) even if the process user
; or group is differrent than the master process user. It allows to create process
; core dump and ptrace the process for the pool user.
; Default Value: no
; process.dumpable = yes

; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
;   static  - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
;   dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
;             following directives. With this process management, there will be
;             always at least 1 children.
;             pm.max_children      - the maximum number of children that can
;                                    be alive at the same time.
;             pm.start_servers     - the number of children created on startup.
;             pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
;                                    state (waiting to process). If the number
;                                    of 'idle' processes is less than this
;                                    number then some children will be created.
;             pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
;                                    state (waiting to process). If the number
;                                    of 'idle' processes is greater than this
;                                    number then some children will be killed.
;  ondemand - no children are created at startup. Children will be forked when
;             new requests will connect. The following parameter are used:
;             pm.max_children           - the maximum number of children that
;                                         can be alive at the same time.
;             pm.process_idle_timeout   - The number of seconds after which
;                                         an idle process will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic

; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes when pm is set to 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI. The below defaults are based on a server without much resources. Don't
; forget to tweak pm.* to fit your needs.
; Note: Used when pm is set to 'static', 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 200

; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 50

; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 50

; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 100

; The number of seconds after which an idle process will be killed.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'ondemand'
; Default Value: 10s
;pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;
 
; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
pm.max_requests = 51200

; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. It shows the following informations:
;   pool                 - the name of the pool;
;   process manager      - static, dynamic or ondemand;
;   start time           - the date and time FPM has started;
;   start since          - number of seconds since FPM has started;
;   accepted conn        - the number of request accepted by the pool;
;   listen queue         - the number of request in the queue of pending
;                          connections (see backlog in listen(2));
;   max listen queue     - the maximum number of requests in the queue
;                          of pending connections since FPM has started;
;   listen queue len     - the size of the socket queue of pending connections;
;   idle processes       - the number of idle processes;
;   active processes     - the number of active processes;
;   total processes      - the number of idle + active processes;
;   max active processes - the maximum number of active processes since FPM
;                          has started;
;   max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,
;                          when pm tries to start more children (works only for
;                          pm 'dynamic' and 'ondemand');
; Value are updated in real time.
; Example output:
;   pool:                 www
;   process manager:      static
;   start time:           01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
;   start since:          62636
;   accepted conn:        190460
;   listen queue:         0
;   max listen queue:     1
;   listen queue len:     42
;   idle processes:       4
;   active processes:     11
;   total processes:      15
;   max active processes: 12
;   max children reached: 0
;
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html', 'xml' or 'json' in the query string will return the corresponding
; output syntax. Example:
;   http://www.foo.bar/status
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?json
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?html
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?xml
;
; By default the status page only outputs short status. Passing 'full' in the
; query string will also return status for each pool process.
; Example: 
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?full
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?json&full
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?html&full
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?xml&full
; The Full status returns for each process:
;   pid                  - the PID of the process;
;   state                - the state of the process (Idle, Running, ...);
;   start time           - the date and time the process has started;
;   start since          - the number of seconds since the process has started;
;   requests             - the number of requests the process has served;
;   request duration     - the duration in µs of the requests;
;   request method       - the request method (GET, POST, ...);
;   request URI          - the request URI with the query string;
;   content length       - the content length of the request (only with POST);
;   user                 - the user (PHP_AUTH_USER) (or '-' if not set);
;   script               - the main script called (or '-' if not set);
;   last request cpu     - the %cpu the last request consumed
;                          it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
;                          because CPU calculation is done when the request
;                          processing has terminated;
;   last request memory  - the max amount of memory the last request consumed
;                          it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
;                          because memory calculation is done when the request
;                          processing has terminated;
; If the process is in Idle state, then informations are related to the
; last request the process has served. Otherwise informations are related to
; the current request being served.
; Example output:
;   ************************
;   pid:                  31330
;   state:                Running
;   start time:           01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
;   start since:          63087
;   requests:             12808
;   request duration:     1250261
;   request method:       GET
;   request URI:          /test_mem.php?N=10000
;   content length:       0
;   user:                 -
;   script:               /home/fat/web/docs/php/test_mem.php
;   last request cpu:     0.00
;   last request memory:  0
;
; Note: There is a real-time FPM status monitoring sample web page available
;       It's available in: /usr/local/php/share/php/fpm/status.html
;
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
;       anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
;       may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set 
pm.status_path = /status
 
; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
;       anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
;       may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;ping.path = /ping

; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
;ping.response = pong

; The access log file
; Default: not set
;access.log = log/$pool.access.log

; The access log format.
; The following syntax is allowed
;  %%: the '%' character
;  %C: %CPU used by the request
;      it can accept the following format:
;      - %{user}C for user CPU only
;      - %{system}C for system CPU only
;      - %{total}C  for user + system CPU (default)
;  %d: time taken to serve the request
;      it can accept the following format:
;      - %{seconds}d (default)
;      - %{miliseconds}d
;      - %{mili}d
;      - %{microseconds}d
;      - %{micro}d
;  %e: an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER)
;      it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env
;      variable. Some exemples:
;      - server specifics like: %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e
;      - HTTP headers like: %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e
;  %f: script filename
;  %l: content-length of the request (for POST request only)
;  %m: request method
;  %M: peak of memory allocated by PHP
;      it can accept the following format:
;      - %{bytes}M (default)
;      - %{kilobytes}M
;      - %{kilo}M
;      - %{megabytes}M
;      - %{mega}M
;  %n: pool name
;  %o: output header
;      it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header:
;      - %{Content-Type}o
;      - %{X-Powered-By}o
;      - %{Transfert-Encoding}o
;      - ....
;  %p: PID of the child that serviced the request
;  %P: PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request
;  %q: the query string 
;  %Q: the '?' character if query string exists
;  %r: the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q)
;  %R: remote IP address
;  %s: status (response code)
;  %t: server time the request was received
;      it can accept a strftime(3) format:
;      %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
;  %T: time the log has been written (the request has finished)
;      it can accept a strftime(3) format:
;      %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
;  %u: remote user
;
; Default: "%R - %u %t \"%m %r\" %s"
;access.format = "%R - %u %t \"%m %r%Q%q\" %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%%"
 
; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow
 
; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
request_slowlog_timeout = 10
 
; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
request_terminate_timeout = 600
 
; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
rlimit_files = 10240
 
; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
 
; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one
; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix
; will be used instead.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever 
;       possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
;       (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot = 
 
; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www
 
; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes

; Clear environment in FPM workers
; Prevents arbitrary environment variables from reaching FPM worker processes
; by clearing the environment in workers before env vars specified in this
; pool configuration are added.
; Setting to "no" will make all environment variables available to PHP code
; via getenv(), $_ENV and $_SERVER.
; Default Value: yes
;clear_env = no

; Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can
; prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit
; FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to
; exectute php code.
; Note: set an empty value to allow all extensions.
; Default Value: .php
;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5
 
; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp

; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
;   php_value/php_flag             - you can set classic ini defines which can
;                                    be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'. 
;   php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
;                                     PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.

; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.

; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix
; (pool, global or /usr/local/php)

; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
;                specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log
;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M

php-fpm.conf

docker build -t php:v1 -f Dockerfile-php .           # 使用 Dockerfile-nginx 文件构建一个基础镜像 php:v1

　　　　　　docker images                                # 确认 php:v1镜像是否构建成功

　　　　　　docker run -d --name php01 php:v1              # 使用php:v1镜像启动一个容器 php01

　　　　　　docker ps -l                                     # 确认 容器php01是否可以成功启动

　　　　　　docker exec -it php01 bash                          # 进入容器php01 bash环境，确定一下php是否安装成功

dockerfile的作用

docker可以根据Dockerfile中的指令来构建docker镜像。
Dockerfile是一个文本文件，其应当包含用户想要构建一个镜像的所有指令。

FROM            # build是基于哪个镜像来构建新的镜像
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin   # 配置环境变量，注意此配置会在container中生效
COPY src dest   # docker内部文件系统中拷贝
ADD src dest    # 将宿主机本地文件拷贝到docker中
RUN command     # 执行linux命令
CMD ["sh","/code/start.sh"]  # 启动服务
EXPOSE 8080     　　　　　　　# 暴露端口
WORKDIR /path   　　　　　　　# 在此指令之后的操作，以及container的默认进入路径都将时 /path目录
VOLUME ['/path1', '/path2']  # 基于此镜像创建的container都将拥有VOLUME中指定的挂在目录

Dockerfile编写优化

一个docker image只负责一个职责。当有多个服务时，请将服务分别docker化，然后组合使用这些docker images。
就像编程一样，当一个字符串出现多次时，请用ARG来声明变量取代hard code。
拷贝文件到镜像时，ADD负责网络资源的拷贝，COPY负责本地文件的COPY。
尽量使用cache，docker在build镜像时可以利用缓存，缓存的原则时：当重复构建时，如果单个指令的内容没有变化，则docker会默认使用cache。
将相同变化频率的RUN指令合并成一个。注意，一定要是相同变化频率的RUN命令才能合并成一个，不然缓存的特性就无法使用了。
合理使用.dockerignore，减少images的体积。
尽量使用CMD，VOLUME将image进行服务化。
使用LABEL对image进行元信息的描述。
单一服务的基础镜像如何可以请使用alpine版本的镜像来减少image的体积。

希望大家没有被文中众多的名称和概念搞糊涂，让我们以下图来结束本文，展示了从 2013 年到 2017 年从 docker hub 拉取镜像次数的趋势：

使用docker简单部署django项目

初始化一个django项目并用docker启动

[root@linux-node1 ~]# django-admin startproject demo [root@linux-node1 demo]# cd demo [root@linux-node1 demo]# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 # 测试项目是否可以启动 # 如果这个ip地址默认为：0.0.0.0:8000 # 可能页面会报这样一个错：无效的HTTP_HOST标头：ip 您可能需要将 ip 添加到ALLOWED_HOSTS。 # 解决办法进入你的项目下 vim 进入settings.py里、就可以看到 ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]加上这个 * 就可以访问到页面了

[root@linux-node1 demo]# vim Dockerfile # dockerfile内容如下,路径放到django项目根路径 [root@linux-node1 demo]# vim requirements.txt # django需要安装的包，路径放到django项目根路径 [root@linux-node1 demo]# docker build -t dj_demo:v1 -f Dockerfile . [root@linux-node1 demo]# docker run -d -p 192.168.56.11:8000:8000 dj_demo:v1

demo/Dockerfile进入配置

FROM python:3.6
MAINTAINER xiaonq
RUN  mkdir /code
WORKDIR /code
ADD . /code/
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["python", "manage.py", "runserver", "0:8000"]

demo/requirements.txt进入配置

Django==2.0.4
mysqlclient==1.4.6

访问页面成功效果：

posted @ 2020-03-01 19:00 茂茂er 阅读(401) 评论(1) 编辑收藏举报

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征途漫漫惟有奋斗

功不是凭梦想和希望、而是凭 - 努力和实践

Docker 介绍

Docker介绍

Docker 安装

Docker 镜像

Docker 镜像的主要特点

docker 的应用场景

Docker 常用命令

Docker 将数据挂载到容器的三种方式

Dockerfile 构建 nginx 项目镜像

使用docker简单部署django项目

公告

征途漫漫 惟有奋斗

功不是凭梦想和希望、而是凭 - 努力和实践

Docker 介绍

Docker介绍

Docker 安装

Docker 镜像

Docker 镜像的主要特点

docker 的应用场景

Docker 常用命令

Docker 将数据挂载到容器的三种方式

Dockerfile 构建 nginx 项目镜像

使用docker简单部署django项目

公告

征途漫漫惟有奋斗