02_Seata使用-AT模式
Seata快速开始
Seata分TC、TM和RM三个角色,TC(Server端)为单独服务端部署,TM和RM(Client端)由业务系统集成。
Seata Server(TC)环境搭建
Server端存储模式(store.mode)支持三种:
file:单机模式,全局事务会话信息内存中读写并持久化本地文件root.data,性能较高
db:高可用模式,全局事务会话信息通过db共享,相应性能差些
redis:1.3及以上版本支持,性能较高,存在事务信息丢失风险,请提前配置适合当前场景的redis持久化配置
资源目录:
client
存放client端sql脚本,参数配置
config-center
各个配置中心参数导入脚本,config.txt(包含server和client)为通用参数文件
server
server端数据库脚本及各个容器配置
db存储模式+Nacos(注册&配置中心)方式部署
步骤一:下载安装包(下载1.5.1版本)
步骤二:建表(db模式)
创建数据库seata,执行sql脚本,https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/v1.5.1/script/server/db
-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' -------------------------------- -- the table to store GlobalSession data CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table` ( `xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `transaction_id` BIGINT, `status` TINYINT NOT NULL, `application_id` VARCHAR(32), `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32), `transaction_name` VARCHAR(128), `timeout` INT, `begin_time` BIGINT, `application_data` VARCHAR(2000), `gmt_create` DATETIME, `gmt_modified` DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (`xid`), KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`), KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4; -- the table to store BranchSession data CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table` ( `branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL, `xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `transaction_id` BIGINT, `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32), `resource_id` VARCHAR(256), `branch_type` VARCHAR(8), `status` TINYINT, `client_id` VARCHAR(64), `application_data` VARCHAR(2000), `gmt_create` DATETIME(6), `gmt_modified` DATETIME(6), PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`), KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4; -- the table to store lock data CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table` ( `row_key` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `xid` VARCHAR(128), `transaction_id` BIGINT, `branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL, `resource_id` VARCHAR(256), `table_name` VARCHAR(32), `pk` VARCHAR(36), `status` TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking', `gmt_create` DATETIME, `gmt_modified` DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`), KEY `idx_status` (`status`), KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`), KEY `idx_xid_and_branch_id` (`xid` , `branch_id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock` ( `lock_key` CHAR(20) NOT NULL, `lock_value` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, `expire` BIGINT, primary key (`lock_key`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4; INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0); INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0); INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0); INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);
步骤三:配置Nacos注册中心
注册中心可以说是微服务架构中的”通讯录“,它记录了服务和服务地址的映射关系。在分布式架构中,服务会注册到注册中心,当服务需要调用其它服务时,就到注册中心找到服务的地址,进行调用。
比如Seata Client端(TM,RM),发现Seata Server(TC)集群的地址,彼此通信。
注意:Seata的注册中心是作用于Seata自身的,和Spring Cloud的注册中心无关
Seata支持哪些注册中心?
1. eureka
2. consul
3. nacos
4. etcd
5. zookeeper
6. sofa
7. redis
8. file (直连)
修改配置文件配置将Seata Server注册到Nacos,修改conf/application.yml文件
registry: # support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa type: nacos nacos: application: seata-server server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 group: SEATA_GROUP namespace: cluster: default username: password:
注意:请确保client与server的注册处于同一个namespace和group,不然会找不到服务。
步骤四:配置Nacos配置中心
配置中心可以说是一个"大货仓",内部放置着各种配置文件,你可以通过自己所需进行获取配置加载到对应的客户端。
比如Seata Client端(TM,RM),Seata Server(TC),会去读取全局事务开关,事务会话存储模式等信息。
注意:Seata的配置中心是作用于Seata自身的,和Spring Cloud的配置中心无关
Seata支持哪些配置中心?
1. nacos
2. consul
3. apollo
4. etcd
5. zookeeper
6. file (读本地文件, 包含conf、properties、yml配置文件的支持)
1)配置Nacos配置中心地址,修改conf/application.yml文件
config: # support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3 type: nacos nacos: server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 namespace: group: SEATA_GROUP data-id: seataServer.properties username: password:
2)上传配置至Nacos配置中心
a) 获取/seata/script/config-center/config.txt,修改为db存储模式,并修改mysql连接配置
#For details about configuration items, see https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/user/configurations.html #Transport configuration, for client and server transport.type=TCP transport.server=NIO transport.heartbeat=true transport.enableTmClientBatchSendRequest=false transport.enableRmClientBatchSendRequest=true transport.enableTcServerBatchSendResponse=false transport.rpcRmRequestTimeout=30000 transport.rpcTmRequestTimeout=30000 transport.rpcTcRequestTimeout=30000 transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1 transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1 transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default transport.shutdown.wait=3 transport.serialization=seata transport.compressor=none #Transaction routing rules configuration, only for the client service.vgroupMapping.default_tx_group=default #If you use a registry, you can ignore it service.default.grouplist=127.0.0.1:8091 service.enableDegrade=false service.disableGlobalTransaction=false #Transaction rule configuration, only for the client client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000 client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10 client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30 client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true client.rm.reportRetryCount=5 client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=true client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000 client.rm.sqlParserType=druid client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false client.rm.sagaJsonParser=fastjson client.rm.tccActionInterceptorOrder=-2147482648 client.tm.commitRetryCount=5 client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5 client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000 client.tm.degradeCheck=false client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10 client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000 client.tm.interceptorOrder=-2147482648 client.undo.dataValidation=true client.undo.logSerialization=jackson client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true server.undo.logSaveDays=7 server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000 client.undo.logTable=undo_log client.undo.compress.enable=true client.undo.compress.type=zip client.undo.compress.threshold=64k #For TCC transaction mode tcc.fence.logTableName=tcc_fence_log tcc.fence.cleanPeriod=1h #Log rule configuration, for client and server log.exceptionRate=100 #Transaction storage configuration, only for the server. The file, DB, and redis configuration values are optional. store.mode=file store.lock.mode=file store.session.mode=file #Used for password encryption store.publicKey= #If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `file`, you can remove the configuration block. store.file.dir=file_store/data store.file.maxBranchSessionSize=16384 store.file.maxGlobalSessionSize=512 store.file.fileWriteBufferCacheSize=16384 store.file.flushDiskMode=async store.file.sessionReloadReadSize=100 #These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `db`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `db`, you can remove the configuration block. store.db.datasource=druid store.db.dbType=mysql store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true store.db.user=username store.db.password=password store.db.minConn=5 store.db.maxConn=30 store.db.globalTable=global_table store.db.branchTable=branch_table store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock store.db.queryLimit=100 store.db.lockTable=lock_table store.db.maxWait=5000 #These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `redis`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `redis`, you can remove the configuration block. store.redis.mode=single store.redis.single.host=127.0.0.1 store.redis.single.port=6379 store.redis.sentinel.masterName= store.redis.sentinel.sentinelHosts= store.redis.maxConn=10 store.redis.minConn=1 store.redis.maxTotal=100 store.redis.database=0 store.redis.password= store.redis.queryLimit=100 #Transaction rule configuration, only for the server server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000 server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000 server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000 server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000 server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1 server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1 server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false server.distributedLockExpireTime=10000 server.xaerNotaRetryTimeout=60000 server.session.branchAsyncQueueSize=5000 server.session.enableBranchAsyncRemove=false #Metrics configuration, only for the server metrics.enabled=false metrics.registryType=compact metrics.exporterList=prometheus metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898
#Transaction storage configuration, only for the server. The file, DB, and redis configuration values are optional. store.mode=db store.lock.mode=db store.session.mode=db #Used for password encryption store.publicKey= #These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `db`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `db`, you can remove the configuration block. store.db.datasource=druid store.db.dbType=mysql store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring_cloud_alibaba_seata_at?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true store.db.user=root store.db.password=123 store.db.minConn=5 store.db.maxConn=30 store.db.globalTable=global_table store.db.branchTable=branch_table store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock store.db.queryLimit=100 store.db.lockTable=lock_table store.db.maxWait=5000
在store.mode=db,由于seata是通过jdbc的executeBatch来批量插入全局锁的,根据MySQL官网的说明,连接参数中的rewriteBatchedStatements为true时,在执行executeBatch,并且操作类型为insert时,jdbc驱动会把对应的SQL优化成`insert into () values (), ()`的形式来提升批量插入的性能。
根据实际的测试,该参数设置为true后,对应的批量插入性能为原来的10倍多,因此在数据源为MySQL时,建议把该参数设置为true。
b) 配置事务分组, 要与client配置的事务分组一致
事务分组:seata的资源逻辑,可以按微服务的需要,在应用程序(客户端)对自行定义事务分组,每组取一个名字。
集群:seata-server服务端一个或多个节点组成的集群cluster。 应用程序(客户端)使用时需要指定事务逻辑分组与Seata服务端集群的映射关系。
事务分组如何找到后端Seata集群(TC)?
1. 首先应用程序(客户端)中配置了事务分组(GlobalTransactionScanner 构造方法的txServiceGroup参数)。若应用程序是SpringBoot则通过seata.tx-service-group 配置。
2. 应用程序(客户端)会通过用户配置的配置中心去寻找service.vgroupMapping .[事务分组配置项],取得配置项的值就是TC集群的名称。若应用程序是SpringBoot则通过seata.service.vgroup-mapping.[事务分组名]=[集群名称] 配置。
3. 拿到集群名称程序通过一定的前后缀+集群名称去构造服务名,各配置中心的服务名实现不同(前提是Seata-Server已经完成服务注册,且Seata-Server向注册中心报告cluster名与应用程序(客户端)配置的集群名称一致)。
4. 拿到服务名去相应的注册中心去拉取相应服务名的服务列表,获得后端真实的TC服务列表(即Seata-Server集群节点列表)。
c) 在nacos配置中心中新建配置,dataId为seataServer.properties,配置内容为上面修改后的config.txt中的配置信息。
从v1.4.2版本开始,seata已支持从一个Nacos dataId中获取所有配置信息,你只需要额外添加一个dataId配置项。
步骤五:启动Seata Server
启动命令:
sql
bin/seata‐server.sh
启动成功,查看控制台,账号密码都是seata。http://localhost:7091/#/login
在Nacos注册中心中可以查看到seata-server注册成功:
支持的启动参数:
比如:
bin/seata‐server.sh ‐p 8091 ‐h 127.0.0.1 ‐m db
Seata Client快速开始
Spring Cloud Alibaba整合Seata AT模式实战
业务场景
用户下单,整个业务逻辑由三个微服务构成:
库存服务:对给定的商品扣除库存数量。
订单服务:根据采购需求创建订单。
帐户服务:从用户帐户中扣除余额。
1) 环境准备
父pom指定微服务版本
启动Seata Server(TC)端,Seata Server使用nacos作为配置中心和注册中心
启动nacos服务
2) 微服务导入seata依赖
spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata内部集成了seata,并实现了xid传递
<!-- seata--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId> </dependency>
3)微服务对应数据库中添加undo_log表(仅AT模式)
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` ( `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id', `xid` varchar(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id', `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization', `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info', `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status', `log_created` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime', `log_modified` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime', UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='AT transaction mode undo table';
4) 微服务application.yml中添加seata配置
seata: application-id: ${spring.application.name} # seata 服务分组,要与服务端配置service.vgroup_mapping的后缀对应 tx-service-group: default_tx_group registry: # 指定nacos作为注册中心 type: nacos nacos: application: seata-server server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 namespace: group: SEATA_GROUP config: # 指定nacos作为配置中心 type: nacos nacos: server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 namespace: group: SEATA_GROUP data-id: seataServer.properties
注意:请确保client与server的注册中心和配置中心namespace和group一致
5) 在全局事务发起者中添加@GlobalTransactional注解
核心代码:
@Override //@Transactional @GlobalTransactional(name = "createOrder", rollbackFor = Exception.class) public Order saveOrder(OrderVo orderVo) { log.info("=============用户下单================="); log.info("当前 XID: {}", RootContext.getXID()); // 保存订单 Order order = new Order(); order.setUserId(orderVo.getUserId()); order.setCommodityCode(orderVo.getCommodityCode()); order.setCount(orderVo.getCount()); order.setMoney(orderVo.getMoney()); order.setStatus(OrderStatus.INIT.getValue()); int saveOrderRecord = orderMapper.insert(order); log.info("保存订单{}", saveOrderRecord > 0 ? "成功" : "失败"); //扣减库存 storageFeignService.deduct(orderVo.getCommodityCode(), orderVo.getCount()); //扣减余额 Boolean debit = accountFeignService.debit(orderVo.getUserId(), orderVo.getMoney()); if (!debit) { // 解决 feign整合sentinel降级导致Seata失效的处理 throw new RuntimeException("账户服务异常降级了"); } //更新订单 int updateOrderRecord = orderMapper.updateOrderStatus(order.getId(), OrderStatus.SUCCESS.getValue()); log.info("更新订单id:{} {}", order.getId(), updateOrderRecord > 0 ? "成功" : "失败"); return order; }
6)测试分布式事务是否生效
分布式事务成功,模拟正常下单、扣库存,扣余额
分布式事务失败,模拟下单扣库存成功、扣余额失败,事务是否回滚