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02_Seata使用-AT模式

Seata快速开始

Seata分TC、TM和RM三个角色,TC(Server端)为单独服务端部署,TM和RM(Client端)由业务系统集成。

Seata Server(TC)环境搭建

Server端存储模式(store.mode)支持三种:
file:单机模式,全局事务会话信息内存中读写并持久化本地文件root.data,性能较高
db:高可用模式,全局事务会话信息通过db共享,相应性能差些
redis:1.3及以上版本支持,性能较高,存在事务信息丢失风险,请提前配置适合当前场景的redis持久化配置

资源目录:

client
存放client端sql脚本,参数配置
config-center
各个配置中心参数导入脚本,config.txt(包含server和client)为通用参数文件
server
server端数据库脚本及各个容器配置

db存储模式+Nacos(注册&配置中心)方式部署

步骤一:下载安装包(下载1.5.1版本)

步骤二:建表(db模式)

创建数据库seata,执行sql脚本,https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/v1.5.1/script/server/db

-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
    `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
    `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
    `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
    `timeout`                   INT,
    `begin_time`                BIGINT,
    `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
    KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`),
    KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
    `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
    `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
    `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
    `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
    `status`            TINYINT,
    `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
    `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
    `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
    PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
    `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `xid`            VARCHAR(128),
    `transaction_id` BIGINT,
    `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
    `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
    `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
    `status`         TINYINT      NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',
    `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
    KEY `idx_status` (`status`),
    KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid_and_branch_id` (`xid` , `branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock`
(
    `lock_key`       CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `lock_value`     VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `expire`         BIGINT,
    primary key (`lock_key`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);
seata_server_at_db

步骤三:配置Nacos注册中心

注册中心可以说是微服务架构中的”通讯录“,它记录了服务和服务地址的映射关系。在分布式架构中,服务会注册到注册中心,当服务需要调用其它服务时,就到注册中心找到服务的地址,进行调用。
比如Seata Client端(TM,RM),发现Seata Server(TC)集群的地址,彼此通信。
注意:Seata的注册中心是作用于Seata自身的,和Spring Cloud的注册中心无关

Seata支持哪些注册中心?
1. eureka
2. consul
3. nacos
4. etcd
5. zookeeper
6. sofa
7. redis
8. file (直连)
修改配置文件配置将Seata Server注册到Nacos,修改conf/application.yml文件
  registry:
    # support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      namespace:
      cluster: default
      username:
      password:

注意:请确保client与server的注册处于同一个namespace和group,不然会找不到服务。

步骤四:配置Nacos配置中心

配置中心可以说是一个"大货仓",内部放置着各种配置文件,你可以通过自己所需进行获取配置加载到对应的客户端。
比如Seata Client端(TM,RM),Seata Server(TC),会去读取全局事务开关,事务会话存储模式等信息。
注意:Seata的配置中心是作用于Seata自身的,和Spring Cloud的配置中心无关
Seata支持哪些配置中心?
  1. nacos
  2. consul
  3. apollo
  4. etcd
  5. zookeeper
  6. file (读本地文件, 包含conf、properties、yml配置文件的支持)
1)配置Nacos配置中心地址,修改conf/application.yml文件 
  config:
    # support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      namespace: 
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      data-id: seataServer.properties
      username:
      password:

2)上传配置至Nacos配置中心
a) 获取/seata/script/config-center/config.txt,修改为db存储模式,并修改mysql连接配置
#For details about configuration items, see https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/user/configurations.html
#Transport configuration, for client and server
transport.type=TCP
transport.server=NIO
transport.heartbeat=true
transport.enableTmClientBatchSendRequest=false
transport.enableRmClientBatchSendRequest=true
transport.enableTcServerBatchSendResponse=false
transport.rpcRmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTcRequestTimeout=30000
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
transport.shutdown.wait=3
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none

#Transaction routing rules configuration, only for the client
service.vgroupMapping.default_tx_group=default
#If you use a registry, you can ignore it
service.default.grouplist=127.0.0.1:8091
service.enableDegrade=false
service.disableGlobalTransaction=false

#Transaction rule configuration, only for the client
client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=true
client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000
client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
client.rm.sagaJsonParser=fastjson
client.rm.tccActionInterceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000
client.tm.degradeCheck=false
client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10
client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000
client.tm.interceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.undo.dataValidation=true
client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
client.undo.logTable=undo_log
client.undo.compress.enable=true
client.undo.compress.type=zip
client.undo.compress.threshold=64k
#For TCC transaction mode
tcc.fence.logTableName=tcc_fence_log
tcc.fence.cleanPeriod=1h

#Log rule configuration, for client and server
log.exceptionRate=100

#Transaction storage configuration, only for the server. The file, DB, and redis configuration values are optional.
store.mode=file
store.lock.mode=file
store.session.mode=file
#Used for password encryption
store.publicKey=

#If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `file`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.file.dir=file_store/data
store.file.maxBranchSessionSize=16384
store.file.maxGlobalSessionSize=512
store.file.fileWriteBufferCacheSize=16384
store.file.flushDiskMode=async
store.file.sessionReloadReadSize=100

#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `db`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `db`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=username
store.db.password=password
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000

#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `redis`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `redis`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.redis.mode=single
store.redis.single.host=127.0.0.1
store.redis.single.port=6379
store.redis.sentinel.masterName=
store.redis.sentinel.sentinelHosts=
store.redis.maxConn=10
store.redis.minConn=1
store.redis.maxTotal=100
store.redis.database=0
store.redis.password=
store.redis.queryLimit=100

#Transaction rule configuration, only for the server
server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
server.distributedLockExpireTime=10000
server.xaerNotaRetryTimeout=60000
server.session.branchAsyncQueueSize=5000
server.session.enableBranchAsyncRemove=false

#Metrics configuration, only for the server
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898
config.txt
#Transaction storage configuration, only for the server. The file, DB, and redis configuration values are optional.
store.mode=db
store.lock.mode=db
store.session.mode=db
#Used for password encryption
store.publicKey=

#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `db`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `db`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring_cloud_alibaba_seata_at?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000

在store.mode=db,由于seata是通过jdbc的executeBatch来批量插入全局锁的,根据MySQL官网的说明,连接参数中的rewriteBatchedStatements为true时,在执行executeBatch,并且操作类型为insert时,jdbc驱动会把对应的SQL优化成`insert into () values (), ()`的形式来提升批量插入的性能。
根据实际的测试,该参数设置为true后,对应的批量插入性能为原来的10倍多,因此在数据源为MySQL时,建议把该参数设置为true。
b) 配置事务分组, 要与client配置的事务分组一致
事务分组:seata的资源逻辑,可以按微服务的需要,在应用程序(客户端)对自行定义事务分组,每组取一个名字。
集群:seata-server服务端一个或多个节点组成的集群cluster。 应用程序(客户端)使用时需要指定事务逻辑分组与Seata服务端集群的映射关系。

事务分组如何找到后端Seata集群(TC)?
1. 首先应用程序(客户端)中配置了事务分组(GlobalTransactionScanner 构造方法的txServiceGroup参数)。若应用程序是SpringBoot则通过seata.tx-service-group 配置。
2. 应用程序(客户端)会通过用户配置的配置中心去寻找service.vgroupMapping .[事务分组配置项],取得配置项的值就是TC集群的名称。若应用程序是SpringBoot则通过seata.service.vgroup-mapping.[事务分组名]=[集群名称] 配置。
3. 拿到集群名称程序通过一定的前后缀+集群名称去构造服务名,各配置中心的服务名实现不同(前提是Seata-Server已经完成服务注册,且Seata-Server向注册中心报告cluster名与应用程序(客户端)配置的集群名称一致)。
4. 拿到服务名去相应的注册中心去拉取相应服务名的服务列表,获得后端真实的TC服务列表(即Seata-Server集群节点列表)。
c) 在nacos配置中心中新建配置,dataId为seataServer.properties,配置内容为上面修改后的config.txt中的配置信息。
从v1.4.2版本开始,seata已支持从一个Nacos dataId中获取所有配置信息,你只需要额外添加一个dataId配置项。

步骤五:启动Seata Server

启动命令:
bin/seata‐server.sh

启动成功,查看控制台,账号密码都是seata。http://localhost:7091/#/login

在Nacos注册中心中可以查看到seata-server注册成功:

支持的启动参数:

比如:
bin/seata‐server.sh ‐p 8091 ‐h 127.0.0.1 ‐m db

Seata Client快速开始

Spring Cloud Alibaba整合Seata AT模式实战

业务场景

用户下单,整个业务逻辑由三个微服务构成:
  库存服务:对给定的商品扣除库存数量。
  订单服务:根据采购需求创建订单。
  帐户服务:从用户帐户中扣除余额。

1) 环境准备

父pom指定微服务版本

启动Seata Server(TC)端,Seata Server使用nacos作为配置中心和注册中心
启动nacos服务

2) 微服务导入seata依赖 

spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata内部集成了seata,并实现了xid传递
        <!-- seata-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        </dependency>

3)微服务对应数据库中添加undo_log表(仅AT模式)

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
  `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id',
  `xid` varchar(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id',
  `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization',
  `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info',
  `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status',
  `log_created` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime',
  `log_modified` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime',
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='AT transaction mode undo table';
sql

4) 微服务application.yml中添加seata配置

seata:
  application-id: ${spring.application.name}
  # seata 服务分组,要与服务端配置service.vgroup_mapping的后缀对应
  tx-service-group: default_tx_group
  registry:
    # 指定nacos作为注册中心
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      namespace:
      group: SEATA_GROUP

  config:
    # 指定nacos作为配置中心
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      namespace:
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      data-id: seataServer.properties
注意:请确保client与server的注册中心和配置中心namespace和group一致

5) 在全局事务发起者中添加@GlobalTransactional注解

核心代码:
  @Override
    //@Transactional
    @GlobalTransactional(name = "createOrder", rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public Order saveOrder(OrderVo orderVo) {
        log.info("=============用户下单=================");
        log.info("当前 XID: {}", RootContext.getXID());

        // 保存订单
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUserId(orderVo.getUserId());
        order.setCommodityCode(orderVo.getCommodityCode());
        order.setCount(orderVo.getCount());
        order.setMoney(orderVo.getMoney());
        order.setStatus(OrderStatus.INIT.getValue());

        int saveOrderRecord = orderMapper.insert(order);
        log.info("保存订单{}", saveOrderRecord > 0 ? "成功" : "失败");

        //扣减库存
        storageFeignService.deduct(orderVo.getCommodityCode(), orderVo.getCount());

        //扣减余额
        Boolean debit = accountFeignService.debit(orderVo.getUserId(), orderVo.getMoney());

        if (!debit) {
            // 解决 feign整合sentinel降级导致Seata失效的处理
            throw new RuntimeException("账户服务异常降级了");
        }

        //更新订单
        int updateOrderRecord = orderMapper.updateOrderStatus(order.getId(), OrderStatus.SUCCESS.getValue());
        log.info("更新订单id:{} {}", order.getId(), updateOrderRecord > 0 ? "成功" : "失败");
        return order;
    }

6)测试分布式事务是否生效 

分布式事务成功,模拟正常下单、扣库存,扣余额
分布式事务失败,模拟下单扣库存成功、扣余额失败,事务是否回滚

 

posted @ 2023-05-14 17:00  1640808365  阅读(83)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报