框架整合RabbitMQ
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
配置整合
1.创建spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties
rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135 rabbitmq.port=5672 rabbitmq.username=heima rabbitmq.password=heima rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
2.创建 spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"> <!--加载配置文件--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/> <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}" port="${rabbitmq.port}" username="${rabbitmq.username}" password="${rabbitmq.password}" virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/> <!--定义管理交换机、队列--> <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机 默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称 --> <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列--> <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:fanout-exchange> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/> <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/> <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/> <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:topic-exchange> <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息--> <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> </beans>
创建测试文件 spring-rabbitmq-producer\src\test\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\ProducerTest.java
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/spring-rabbitmq.xml") public class ProducerTest { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; /** * 只发队列消息 * 默认交换机类型为 direct * 交换机的名称为空，路由键为队列的名称 */ @Test public void queueTest(){ //路由键与队列同名 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue", "只发队列spring_queue的消息。"); } /** * 发送广播 * 交换机类型为 fanout * 绑定到该交换机的所有队列都能够收到消息 */ @Test public void fanoutTest(){ /** * 参数1：交换机名称 * 参数2：路由键名（广播设置为空） * 参数3：发送的消息内容 */ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "发送到spring_fanout_exchange交换机的广播消息"); } /** * 通配符 * 交换机类型为 topic * 匹配路由键的通配符，*表示一个单词，#表示多个单词 * 绑定到该交换机的匹配队列能够收到对应消息 */ @Test public void topicTest(){ /** * 参数1：交换机名称 * 参数2：路由键名 * 参数3：发送的消息内容 */ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj的消息"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.1", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.1的消息"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.2", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.2的消息"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "itcast.cn", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机itcast.cn的消息"); } }
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
1.创建spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties连接参数等配置文件:
rabbitmq.host=192.168.12.135 rabbitmq.port=5672 rabbitmq.username=heima rabbitmq.password=heima rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast
2.创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"> <!--加载配置文件--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/> <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}" port="${rabbitmq.port}" username="${rabbitmq.username}" password="${rabbitmq.password}" virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/> <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/> <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/> <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/> <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/> <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/> <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/> <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/> <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/> </rabbit:listener-container> </beans>
1）队列监听器
创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\SpringQueueListener.java
public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
2）广播监听器1
创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener1.java
public class FanoutListener1 implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("广播监听器1：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\FanoutListener2.java
public class FanoutListener2 implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("广播监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
4）星号通配符监听器
创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerStar.java
public class TopicListenerStar implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("通配符*监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
5）井号通配符监听器
创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell.java
public class TopicListenerWell implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("通配符#监听器：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
创建 spring-rabbitmq-consumer\src\main\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\listener\TopicListenerWell2.java
public class TopicListenerWell2 implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("通配符#监听器2：接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
在Spring项目中，可以使用Spring-Rabbit去操作RabbitMQhttps://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp
尤其是在spring boot项目中只需要引入对应的amqp启动器依赖即可，方便的使用RabbitTemplate发送消息，使用注解接收消息。
一般在开发过程中：
生产者工程：
-
application.yml文件配置RabbitMQ相关信息；
-
在生产者工程中编写配置类，用于创建交换机和队列，并进行绑定
-
注入RabbitTemplate对象，通过RabbitTemplate对象发送消息到交换机
消费者工程：
-
application.yml文件配置RabbitMQ相关信息
-
创建消息处理类，用于接收队列中的消息并进行处理
创建工程
创建生产者工程springboot-rabbitmq-producer
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
package com.itheima.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class ProducerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class); } }
配置RabbitMQ
1）配置文件
创建application.yml，内容如下：
spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /itcast username: heima password: heima
2）绑定交换机和队列
创建RabbitMQ队列与交换机绑定的配置类com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { //交换机名称 public static final String ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "item_topic_exchange"; //队列名称 public static final String ITEM_QUEUE = "item_queue"; //声明交换机 @Bean("itemTopicExchange") public Exchange topicExchange(){ return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build(); } //声明队列 @Bean("itemQueue") public Queue itemQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(ITEM_QUEUE).build(); } //绑定队列和交换机 @Bean public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("itemQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("itemTopicExchange") Exchange exchange){ return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("item.#").noargs(); } }
创建工程
创建消费者工程springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
修改pom.xml文件内容为如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version> </parent> <groupId>com.itheima</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
package com.itheima.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class ConsumerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class); } }
配置RabbitMQ
创建application.yml，内容如下：
spring: rabbitmq: host: localhost port: 5672 virtual-host: /itcast username: heima password: heima
编写消息监听器com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.MyListener
package com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class MyListener { /** * 监听某个队列的消息 * @param message 接收到的消息 */ @RabbitListener(queues = "item_queue") public void myListener1(String message){ System.out.println("消费者接收到的消息为：" + message); } }
在生产者工程springboot-rabbitmq-producer中创建测试类，发送消息：
package com.itheima.rabbitmq; import com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class RabbitMQTest { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void test(){ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "item.insert", "商品新增，routing key 为item.insert"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "item.update", "商品修改，routing key 为item.update"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "item.delete", "商品删除，routing key 为item.delete"); } }
先运行上述测试程序（交换机和队列才能先被声明和绑定），然后启动消费者；在消费者工程springboot-rabbitmq-consumer中控制台查看是否接收到对应消息。
另外；也可以在RabbitMQ的管理控制台中查看到交换机与队列的绑定：
