接口代理方式实现Dao
代理开发方式介绍
采用 Mybatis 的代理开发方式实现 DAO 层的开发,这种方式是我们后面进入企业的主流。
Mapper 接口开发需要遵循以下规范:
1) Mapper.xml文件中的namespace与mapper接口的全限定名相同
2) Mapper接口方法名和Mapper.xml中定义的每个statement的id相同
3) Mapper接口方法的输入参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的parameterType的类型相同
4) Mapper接口方法的输出参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的resultType的类型相同
总结:
接口开发的方式: 程序员只需定义接口,就可以对数据库进行操作,那么具体的对象怎么创建?
1.程序员负责定义接口
2.在操作数据库,mybatis框架根据接口,通过动态代理的方式生成代理对象,负责数据库的crud操作
开发步骤:
1)配置文件的导入:
log4j.properties:
# Global logging configuration # ERROR WARN INFO DEBUG log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout # Console output... log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
jdbc.properties:
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 username=root password=123
mybatis核心配置文件:
MyBatisConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!--MyBatis的DTD约束--> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <!--configuration 核心根标签--> <configuration> <!--引入数据库连接的配置文件--> <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/> <!--配置LOG4J--> <settings> <setting name="logImpl" value="log4j"/> </settings> <!--起别名--> <typeAliases> <typeAlias type="com.itheima.bean.Student" alias="student"/> <!--<package name="com.itheima.bean"/>--> </typeAliases> <!--集成分页助手插件--> <plugins> <plugin interceptor="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor"></plugin> </plugins> <!--environments配置数据库环境,环境可以有多个。default属性指定使用的是哪个--> <environments default="mysql"> <!--environment配置数据库环境 id属性唯一标识--> <environment id="mysql"> <!-- transactionManager事务管理。 type属性,采用JDBC默认的事务--> <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager> <!-- dataSource数据源信息 type属性 连接池--> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <!-- property获取数据库连接的配置信息 --> <property name="driver" value="${driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="username" value="${username}" /> <property name="password" value="${password}" /> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <!-- mappers引入映射配置文件 --> <mappers> <!-- mapper 引入指定的映射配置文件 resource属性指定映射配置文件的名称 --> <mapper resource="StudentMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration>
StudentMapper.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!--MyBatis的DTD约束--> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <!-- mapper:核心根标签 namespace属性:名称空间 --> <mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.StudentMapper"> <sql id="select" >SELECT * FROM student</sql> <!-- select:查询功能的标签 id属性:唯一标识 resultType属性:指定结果映射对象类型 parameterType属性:指定参数映射对象类型 --> <select id="selectAll" resultType="student"> <include refid="select"/> </select> <select id="selectById" resultType="student" parameterType="int"> <include refid="select"/> WHERE id = #{id} </select> <insert id="insert" parameterType="student"> INSERT INTO student VALUES (#{id},#{name},#{age}) </insert> <update id="update" parameterType="student"> UPDATE student SET name = #{name},age = #{age} WHERE id = #{id} </update> <delete id="delete" parameterType="int"> DELETE FROM student WHERE id = #{id} </delete> <select id="selectCondition" resultType="student" parameterType="student"> <include refid="select"/> <where> <if test="id != null"> id = #{id} </if> <if test="name != null"> AND name = #{name} </if> <if test="age != null"> AND age = #{age} </if> </where> </select> <select id="selectByIds" resultType="student" parameterType="list"> <include refid="select"/> <where> <foreach collection="list" open="id IN (" close=")" item="id" separator=","> #{id} </foreach> </where> </select> </mapper>
2)持久层(只需要编写接口):
package com.itheima.mapper; import com.itheima.bean.Student; import java.util.List; /* 持久层接口 */ public interface StudentMapper { //查询全部 public abstract List<Student> selectAll(); //根据id查询 public abstract Student selectById(Integer id); //新增数据 public abstract Integer insert(Student stu); //修改数据 public abstract Integer update(Student stu); //删除数据 public abstract Integer delete(Integer id); //多条件查询 public abstract List<Student> selectCondition(Student stu); //根据多个id查询 public abstract List<Student> selectByIds(List<Integer> ids); }
3)业务层(service层):
接口(StudentService):
package com.itheima.service; import com.itheima.bean.Student; import java.util.List; /* 业务层接口 */ public interface StudentService { //查询全部 public abstract List<Student> selectAll(); //根据id查询 public abstract Student selectById(Integer id); //新增数据 public abstract Integer insert(Student stu); //修改数据 public abstract Integer update(Student stu); //删除数据 public abstract Integer delete(Integer id); }
实现类(StudentServiceImpl):
package com.itheima.service.impl; import com.itheima.bean.Student; import com.itheima.mapper.StudentMapper; import com.itheima.service.StudentService; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.List; /* 业务层实现类 */ public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { @Override public List<Student> selectAll() { List<Student> list = null; SqlSession sqlSession = null; InputStream is = null; try{ //1.加载核心配置文件 is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl(); //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果 list = mapper.selectAll(); } catch (Exception e) { } finally { //6.释放资源 if(sqlSession != null) { sqlSession.close(); } if(is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //7.返回结果 return list; } @Override public Student selectById(Integer id) { Student stu = null; SqlSession sqlSession = null; InputStream is = null; try{ //1.加载核心配置文件 is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl(); //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果 stu = mapper.selectById(id); } catch (Exception e) { } finally { //6.释放资源 if(sqlSession != null) { sqlSession.close(); } if(is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //7.返回结果 return stu; } @Override public Integer insert(Student stu) { Integer result = null; SqlSession sqlSession = null; InputStream is = null; try{ //1.加载核心配置文件 is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl(); //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果 result = mapper.insert(stu); } catch (Exception e) { } finally { //6.释放资源 if(sqlSession != null) { sqlSession.close(); } if(is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //7.返回结果 return result; } @Override public Integer update(Student stu) { Integer result = null; SqlSession sqlSession = null; InputStream is = null; try{ //1.加载核心配置文件 is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl(); //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果 result = mapper.update(stu); } catch (Exception e) { } finally { //6.释放资源 if(sqlSession != null) { sqlSession.close(); } if(is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //7.返回结果 return result; } @Override public Integer delete(Integer id) { Integer result = null; SqlSession sqlSession = null; InputStream is = null; try{ //1.加载核心配置文件 is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl(); //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果 result = mapper.delete(id); } catch (Exception e) { } finally { //6.释放资源 if(sqlSession != null) { sqlSession.close(); } if(is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //7.返回结果 return result; } }
4)表现层:
表现层测试:
package com.itheima.dynamic; import com.itheima.bean.Student; import com.itheima.mapper.StudentMapper; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Test01 { @Test public void selectByIds() throws Exception{ //1.加载核心配置文件 InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>(); ids.add(1); ids.add(2); ids.add(3); //5.调用实现类的方法,接收结果 List<Student> list = mapper.selectByIds(ids); //6.处理结果 for (Student student : list) { System.out.println(student); } //7.释放资源 sqlSession.close(); is.close(); } @Test public void selectCondition() throws Exception{ //1.加载核心配置文件 InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象 StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); Student stu = new Student(); stu.setId(2); stu.setName("李四"); //stu.setAge(24); //5.调用实现类的方法,接收结果 List<Student> list = mapper.selectCondition(stu); //6.处理结果 for (Student student : list) { System.out.println(student); } //7.释放资源 sqlSession.close(); is.close(); } }
源码分析
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分析动态代理对象如何生成的?
通过动态代理开发模式,我们只编写一个接口,不写实现类,我们通过 getMapper() 方法最终获取到 org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy 代理对象,然后执行功能,而这个代理对象正是 MyBatis 使用了 JDK 的动态代理技术,帮助我们生成了代理实现类对象。从而可以进行相关持久化操作。
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分析方法是如何执行的?
动态代理实现类对象在执行方法的时候最终调用了 mapperMethod.execute() 方法,这个方法中通过 switch 语句根据操作类型来判断是新增、修改、删除、查询操作,最后一步回到了 MyBatis 最原生的 SqlSession 方式来执行增删改查。
知识小结
接口代理方式可以让我们只编写接口即可,而实现类对象由 MyBatis 生成。
实现规则 :
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映射配置文件中的名称空间必须和 Dao 层接口的全类名相同。
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映射配置文件中的增删改查标签的 id 属性必须和 Dao 层接口的方法名相同。
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映射配置文件中的增删改查标签的 parameterType 属性必须和 Dao 层接口方法的参数相同。
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映射配置文件中的增删改查标签的 resultType 属性必须和 Dao 层接口方法的返回值相同。
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