签发token、校验token、多方式登录签发token的实现、自定义认证反爬规则的认证类、admin使用自定义User表：新增用户密码密文、群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备、drf搜索过滤组件、drf排序过滤组件、drf基础分页组件

签发token#

源码入口

# 前提：给一个局部禁用了所有 认证与权限 的视图类发送用户信息得到token，其实就是登录接口

# 1）rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法
#        接收有username、password的post请求
# 2）post方法将请求得到的数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理
#        完成数据的校验，会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则，校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中

核心源码：rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的validate(self, attrs)方法#

def validate(self, attrs):
    # 账号密码字典
    credentials = {
        self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field),
        'password': attrs.get('password')
    }
    if all(credentials.values()):
        # 签发token第1步：用账号密码得到user对象
        user = authenticate(**credentials)
        if user:
            if not user.is_active:
                msg = _('User account is disabled.')
                raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
            # 签发token第2步：通过user得到payload，payload包含着用户信息与过期时间
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
            # 在视图类中，可以通过 序列化对象.object.get('user'或者'token') 拿到user和token 
            return {
                # 签发token第3步：通过payload签发出token
                'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload),
                'user': user
            }
        else:
            msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.')
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
    else:
        msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".')
        msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field)
        raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

完整源码:#

1.
from rest_framework_jwt.views import ObtainJSONWebToken, obtain_jwt_token
urlpatterns = [
    # url(r'^jogin/$', ObtainJSONWebToken.as_view()),
    url(r'^jogin/$', obtain_jwt_token),# 入口
]
2.
# 签发的请求来的时候走父类JSONWebTokenAPIView的post方法.
class ObtainJSONWebToken(JSONWebTokenAPIView):
    serializer_class = JSONWebTokenSerializer
3.
class JSONWebTokenAPIView(APIView):
    # 自动禁用了权限和认证组件的认证.
    permission_classes = ()
    authentication_classes = ()

    def get_serializer_context(self):
        return {
            'request': self.request,
            'view': self,
        }

    def get_serializer_class(self):
        assert self.serializer_class is not None, (
            "'%s' should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, "
            "or override the `get_serializer_class()` method."
            % self.__class__.__name__)
        return self.serializer_class

    def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
        kwargs['context'] = self.get_serializer_context()
        return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 从ObtainJSONWebToken类中获取serializer_class = JSONWebTokenSerializer并实例化,走__init__方法.
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        #调用is_valid()方法.
        if serializer.is_valid():
            user = serializer.object.get('user') or request.user
            token = serializer.object.get('token')
            response_data = jwt_response_payload_handler(token, user, request)
            response = Response(response_data)
            if api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE:
                expiration = (datetime.utcnow() +
                              api_settings.JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA)
                response.set_cookie(api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE,
                                    token,
                                    expires=expiration,
                                    httponly=True)
            return response

        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
4.
class JSONWebTokenSerializer(Serializer):
    # __init__方法获取了用户名和密码.
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(JSONWebTokenSerializer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.fields[self.username_field] = serializers.CharField()
        self.fields['password'] = PasswordField(write_only=True)

    @property
    def username_field(self):
        return get_username_field()
    # 走全局钩子函数
    def validate(self, attrs):
        credentials = {
            self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field),
            'password': attrs.get('password')
        }
        # 进行校验用户名和密码是否正确,依赖RBAC权限六表.
        if all(credentials.values()):
            user = authenticate(**credentials)

            if user:
                if not user.is_active:
                    msg = _('User account is disabled.')
                    raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
                # 将user作为参数传入得到载荷.
                payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)

                return {
                    # 将载荷作为参数传入获取token.
                    'token': jwt_encode_handler(payload),
                    'user': user
                }
            else:
                msg = _('Unable to log in with provided credentials.')
                raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
        else:
            msg = _('Must include "{username_field}" and "password".')
            msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field)
            raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

手动签发token逻辑思路：#

# 1）通过username、password得到user对象
# 2）通过user对象生成payload：jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload
#        from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
# 3）通过payload签发token：jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token
#        from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

校验token#

源码入口

# 前提：访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类，把需要提交认证字符串token，在认证类中完成token的校验

# 1）rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法
#        请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user

核心源码：rest_framework_jwt.authentication.BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate(self, request)方法#

def authenticate(self, request):
    """
    Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been
    supplied using JWT-based authentication.  Otherwise returns `None`.
    """
    # 带有反爬小规则的获取token：前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交
    # 校验user第1步：从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token，并提取
    jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request)
    # 游客
    if jwt_value is None:
        return None
    # 校验
    try:
        # 校验user第2步：token => payload
        payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
    except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
        msg = _('Signature has expired.')
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.DecodeError:
        msg = _('Error decoding signature.')
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed()
    # 校验user第3步：token => payload
    user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)

    return (user, jwt_value)

完整源码:#

1.
from .authentications import JWTAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
    # 使用JSONWebTokenAuthentication认证组件
    authentication_classes = [JSONWebTokenAuthentication]
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})
2.
# 调用父类BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate方法.
class JSONWebTokenAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
    www_authenticate_realm = 'api'
    def get_jwt_value(self, request):
        auth = get_authorization_header(request).split()
        auth_header_prefix = api_settings.JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX.lower()

        if not auth:
            if api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE:
                return request.COOKIES.get(api_settings.JWT_AUTH_COOKIE)
            return None

        if smart_text(auth[0].lower()) != auth_header_prefix:
            return None

        if len(auth) == 1:
            msg = _('Invalid Authorization header. No credentials provided.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
        elif len(auth) > 2:
            msg = _('Invalid Authorization header. Credentials string '
                    'should not contain spaces.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)

        return auth[1]
3.
class BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    """
    Token based authentication using the JSON Web Token standard.
    """

    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been
        supplied using JWT-based authentication.  Otherwise returns `None`.
        """
        # 调用子类JSONWebTokenAuthentication的方法获取jwt_value
        jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request)
        if jwt_value is None:
            return None

        try:
            # 由token解析出载荷
            payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
        except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
            msg = _('Signature has expired.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
        except jwt.DecodeError:
            msg = _('Error decoding signature.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
        except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed()
         # 由载荷解析出用户
        user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)
        # 返回用户和token
        return (user, jwt_value)

    def authenticate_credentials(self, payload):
        """
        Returns an active user that matches the payload's user id and email.
        """
        User = get_user_model()
        username = jwt_get_username_from_payload(payload)

        if not username:
            msg = _('Invalid payload.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)

        try:
            user = User.objects.get_by_natural_key(username)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            msg = _('Invalid signature.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)

        if not user.is_active:
            msg = _('User account is disabled.')
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
        return user

手动校验token逻辑思路：#

# 1）从请求头中获取token
# 2）根据token解析出payload：jwt_decode_handler(token) => payload
#        from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
# 3）根据payload解析出user：self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user
#        继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication，拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法

案例：实现多方式登陆签发token#

models.py#

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'api_user'
        verbose_name = '用户表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

serializers.py#

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
import re

# 拿到前台token的两个函数： user => payload => token
# from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
# jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
# jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler


# 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key，所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应
# 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化，要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段
# 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only
# 4) 在自定义校验规则中（局部钩子、全局钩子）校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token
# 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 自定义反序列字段：一定要设置write_only，只参与反序列化，不会与model类字段映射
    usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = models.User
        fields = ['usr', 'pwd', 'username', 'mobile', 'email']
        # 系统校验规则
        extra_kwargs = {
            'username': {
                'read_only': True
            },
            'mobile': {
                'read_only': True
            },
            'email': {
                'read_only': True
            },
        }

    def validate(self, attrs):
        usr = attrs.get('usr')
        pwd = attrs.get('pwd')

        # 多方式登录：各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户
        if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()

        # 签发：得到登录用户，签发token并存储在实例化对象中
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            # 签发token，将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
            # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中
            self.user = user_obj
            self.token = token
            return attrs

        raise serializers.ValidationError({'data': '数据有误'})

views.py#

#实现多方式登陆签发token：账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆
# 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
# 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类
# 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
# 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
import re
from . import serializers, models
from utils.response import APIResponse

from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

class LoginAPIView(APIView):
    # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 2) 拿到前台登录信息，交给序列化类，规则：账号用usr传，密码用pwd传
        user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data)
        # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
        user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台
        return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data)

    # "一根筋" 思考方式：所有逻辑都在视图类中处理
    def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        usr = request.data.get('usr')
        pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
        if re.match(r'.+@.+', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r'1[3-9][0-9]{9}', usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
            return APIResponse(results={'username': user_obj.username}, token=token)
        return APIResponse(data_msg='不可控错误')

案例：自定义认证反爬规则的认证类#

authentications.py#

import jwt
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        jwt_token = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION')

        # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt
        token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token)

        if token is None:
            return None

        try:
            # token => payload
            payload = jwt_decode_handler(token)
        except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('token已过期')
        except:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('非法用户')
        # payload => user
        user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)

        return (user, token)

    # 自定义校验规则：auth token jwt，auth为前盐，jwt为后盐
    def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token):
        tokens = jwt_token.split()
        if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != 'auth' or tokens[2].lower() != 'jwt':
            return None
        return tokens[1]

views.py#

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
# 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
# 自定义jwt校验规则
from .authentications import JWTAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication]
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(results={'username': request.user.username})

admin使用自定义User表：新增用户密码密文#

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

# 自定义User表，admin后台管理，采用密文密码
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin

class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2', 'mobile', 'email'),
        }),
    )

admin.site.register(models.User, MyUserAdmin)

群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备#

models.py#

class Car(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name='车名')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格')
    brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='品牌')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'api_car'
        verbose_name = '汽车表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

admin.py#

admin.site.register(models.Car)

serializers.py#

class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Car
        fields = ['name', 'price', 'brand']

views.py#

# Car的群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

urls.py#

url(r'^cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),

drf搜索过滤组件#

源码分析：#

1.
class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                  GenericAPIView):
    """
    Concrete view for listing a queryset.
    """
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
2.
class ListModelMixin:
    """
    List a queryset.
    """
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

        page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)
        if page is not None:
            serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
3.rest_framework/Generics.py
class GenericAPIVIew(views.APIView):
    def filter_queryset(self, queryset):
        """
        Given a queryset, filter it with whichever filter backend is in use.

        You are unlikely to want to override this method, although you may need
        to call it either from a list view, or from a custom `get_object`
        method if you want to apply the configured filtering backend to the
        default queryset.
        """
        for backend in list(self.filter_backends):
            queryset = backend().filter_queryset(self.request, queryset, self)
        return queryset
4.
    # The filter backend classes to use for queryset filtering
    filter_backends = api_settings.DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS

 

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

# 第一步：drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

    # 第二步：局部配置 过滤类 们（全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS）
    filter_backends = [SearchFilter]

    # 第三步：SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口：/cars/?search=...
    search_fields = ['name', 'price']
    # eg：/cars/?search=1，name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出

drf排序过滤组件#

源码分析：#

# 1.继承ListAPIView的视图类get方法走的是ListModelMixin的List方法。
class ListModelMixin:
    """
    List a queryset.
    """
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 调用filter_queryset方法
        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
# 2.调用GenericAPIView中的filter_queryset方法
class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):
    def filter_queryset(self, queryset):
        # 从你的全局或局部配置中获取过滤类们实例化并调用filter_queryset方法
        for backend in list(self.filter_backends):
            queryset = backend().filter_queryset(self.request, queryset, self)
        return queryset
# 3.rest_framework.filters.py中的排序组件OrderingFilter
class OrderingFilter(BaseFilterBackend):
    ordering_param = api_settings.ORDERING_PARAM
    ordering_fields = None
    ordering_title = _('Ordering')
    ordering_description = _('Which field to use when ordering the results.')
    template = 'rest_framework/filters/ordering.html'
    # 调用排序组件的filter_queryset方法
    def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
        # 调用get_ordering方法获取排序字段
        ordering = self.get_ordering(request, queryset, view)
        if ordering:
            return queryset.order_by(*ordering)
# 4.get_ordering方法，处理主从排序字段，调用了remove_invalid_fields方法
    def get_ordering(self, request, queryset, view):
        """
        Ordering is set by a comma delimited ?ordering=... query parameter.
        """
        params = request.query_params.get(self.ordering_param)
        if params:
            # 若排序字段多个需要用逗号隔开（主排序字段，从排序字段）
            fields = [param.strip() for param in params.split(',')]
            # 调用remove_invalid_fields方法
            ordering = self.remove_invalid_fields(queryset, fields, view, request)
            if ordering:
                return ordering
# 5.调用get_valid_fields方法
    def remove_invalid_fields(self, queryset, fields, view, request):
        # 调用get_valid_fields方法
        valid_fields = [item[0] for item in self.get_valid_fields(queryset, view, {'request': request})]
        return [term for term in fields if term.lstrip('-') in valid_fields and ORDER_PATTERN.match(term)]
# 6.返回排序字段valid_fields
    def get_valid_fields(self, queryset, view, context={}):
        # 从视图类的ordering_fields字段中获取valid_fields的值
        valid_fields = getattr(view, 'ordering_fields', self.ordering_fields)

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

# 第一步：drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

    # 第二步：局部配置 过滤类 们（全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS）
    filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]

    # 第三步：OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口：/cars/?ordering=...
    ordering_fields = ['pk', 'price']
    # eg：/cars/?ordering=-price,pk，先按price降序，如果出现price相同，再按pk升序

drf基础分页组件#

pahenations.py

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
    # ?page=页码
    page_query_param = 'page'
    # ?page=页面 下默认一页显示的条数
    page_size = 3
    # ?page=页面&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数
    page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
    # 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制：数值超过5也只显示5条
    max_page_size = 5

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    # 如果queryset没有过滤条件，就必须 .all()，不然分页会出问题
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    
    # 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义，继承drf提供的分页类即可
    pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination