Navicat的使用方法、和一些查询的练习题、pymysql模块的使用、sql注入问题、和数据的增、删、改等
Navicat的使用方法：
掌握：
#1. 测试+链接数据库
#2. 新建库
#3. 新建表，新增字段+类型+约束
#4. 设计表：外键
#5. 新建查询
#6. 建立表模型
#注意：
批量加注释：ctrl+？键
批量去注释：ctrl+shift+？键
练习题：
/* 数据导入： Navicat Premium Data Transfer Source Server : localhost Source Server Type : MySQL Source Server Version : 50624 Source Host : localhost Source Database : sqlexam Target Server Type : MySQL Target Server Version : 50624 File Encoding : utf-8 Date: 10/21/2016 06:46:46 AM */ SET NAMES utf8; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `class` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`; CREATE TABLE `class` ( `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `caption` varchar(32) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`cid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of `class` -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班'), ('2', '三年三班'), ('3', '一年二班'), ('4', '二年九班'); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `course` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`; CREATE TABLE `course` ( `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `cname` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`cid`), KEY `fk_course_teacher` (`teacher_id`), CONSTRAINT `fk_course_teacher` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of `course` -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1'), ('2', '物理', '2'), ('3', '体育', '3'), ('4', '美术', '2'); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `score` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`; CREATE TABLE `score` ( `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `student_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `course_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `num` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), KEY `fk_score_student` (`student_id`), KEY `fk_score_course` (`course_id`), CONSTRAINT `fk_score_course` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`), CONSTRAINT `fk_score_student` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=53 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of `score` -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '10'), ('2', '1', '2', '9'), ('5', '1', '4', '66'), ('6', '2', '1', '8'), ('8', '2', '3', '68'), ('9', '2', '4', '99'), ('10', '3', '1', '77'), ('11', '3', '2', '66'), ('12', '3', '3', '87'), ('13', '3', '4', '99'), ('14', '4', '1', '79'), ('15', '4', '2', '11'), ('16', '4', '3', '67'), ('17', '4', '4', '100'), ('18', '5', '1', '79'), ('19', '5', '2', '11'), ('20', '5', '3', '67'), ('21', '5', '4', '100'), ('22', '6', '1', '9'), ('23', '6', '2', '100'), ('24', '6', '3', '67'), ('25', '6', '4', '100'), ('26', '7', '1', '9'), ('27', '7', '2', '100'), ('28', '7', '3', '67'), ('29', '7', '4', '88'), ('30', '8', '1', '9'), ('31', '8', '2', '100'), ('32', '8', '3', '67'), ('33', '8', '4', '88'), ('34', '9', '1', '91'), ('35', '9', '2', '88'), ('36', '9', '3', '67'), ('37', '9', '4', '22'), ('38', '10', '1', '90'), ('39', '10', '2', '77'), ('40', '10', '3', '43'), ('41', '10', '4', '87'), ('42', '11', '1', '90'), ('43', '11', '2', '77'), ('44', '11', '3', '43'), ('45', '11', '4', '87'), ('46', '12', '1', '90'), ('47', '12', '2', '77'), ('48', '12', '3', '43'), ('49', '12', '4', '87'), ('52', '13', '3', '87'); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `student` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`; CREATE TABLE `student` ( `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `gender` char(1) NOT NULL, `class_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `sname` varchar(32) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), KEY `fk_class` (`class_id`), CONSTRAINT `fk_class` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=17 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of `student` -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '男', '1', '理解'), ('2', '女', '1', '钢蛋'), ('3', '男', '1', '张三'), ('4', '男', '1', '张一'), ('5', '女', '1', '张二'), ('6', '男', '1', '张四'), ('7', '女', '2', '铁锤'), ('8', '男', '2', '李三'), ('9', '男', '2', '李一'), ('10', '女', '2', '李二'), ('11', '男', '2', '李四'), ('12', '女', '3', '如花'), ('13', '男', '3', '刘三'), ('14', '男', '3', '刘一'), ('15', '女', '3', '刘二'), ('16', '男', '3', '刘四'); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `teacher` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`; CREATE TABLE `teacher` ( `tid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `tname` varchar(32) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`tid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of `teacher` -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '张磊老师'), ('2', '李平老师'), ('3', '刘海燕老师'), ('4', '朱云海老师'), ('5', '李杰老师'); COMMIT; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
拷贝上述代码，新建一个.sql文件，保存到桌面
打开navicat新建数据库day41，选中新建的数据库鼠标右键选择运行SQL文件
1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
7、 查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名
8、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名
9、 查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
# 参考答案
#1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
SELECT
course.cname,
teacher.tname
FROM
course
INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid;
#4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
SELECT
student.sname,
t1.avg_num
FROM
student
INNER JOIN (
SELECT
student_id,
avg(num) AS avg_num
FROM
score
GROUP BY
student_id
HAVING
avg(num) > 80
) AS t1 ON student.sid = t1.student_id;
#7、 查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名(找出报名李平老师课程的学生，然后取反就可以)
SELECT
student.sname
FROM
student
WHERE
sid NOT IN (
SELECT DISTINCT
student_id
FROM
score
WHERE
course_id IN (
SELECT
course.cid
FROM
course
INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid
WHERE
teacher.tname = '李平老师'
)
);
#8、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名(没有同时选修指的是选修了一门的，思路是得到物理+体育课程的学生信息表，然后基于学生分组，统计count(课程)=1)
SELECT
student.sname
FROM
student
WHERE
sid IN (
SELECT
student_id
FROM
score
WHERE
course_id IN (
SELECT
cid
FROM
course
WHERE
cname = '物理'
OR cname = '体育'
)
GROUP BY
student_id
HAVING
COUNT(course_id) = 1
);
# 9、 查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
select student.sname,class.caption from class INNER JOIN student
on class.cid = student.class_id
WHERE student.sid in
(select student_id from score where num < 60
GROUP BY student_id
HAVING COUNT(course_id) >=2)；
pymysql模块：
# 1.安装:pip3 insatll pymysql
# 2.代码链接
import pymysql
#链接
conn=pymysql.connect(
host='localhost',
user='root',
password='123',
database='egon',
charset='utf8')
#游标
cursor=conn.cursor() #执行完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示
#cursor=conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) # 以字典的方式显示数据
# 3.pymysql操作数据库
#执行sql语句
user = input(">>>:").strip()
pwd = input(">>>:").strip()
sql='select * from userinfo where name="%s" and password="%s"' %(user,pwd) #注意%s需要加引号
rows=cursor.execute(sql) #执行sql语句，返回sql查询成功的记录数目
# 获取真实数据cursor.fetchone(),cursor.fetchall(),cursor.fetchmany(),类似管道取值，获取一条，所有，多条
cursor.scroll(1,'relative') # 相对移动
cursor.scroll(3,'absolute') # 绝对移动
cursor.close()
conn.close()
sql注入问题：
# 不要手动去拼接查询的sql语句
username = input(">>>:").strip()
password = input(">>>:").strip()
sql = "select * from user where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password)
# 用户名正确
username >>>: jason' -- jjsakfjjdkjjkjs
# 用户名密码都不对的情况
username >>>: xxx' or 1=1 --asdjkdklqwjdjkjasdljad
password >>>: ''
# 增
sql = "insert into user(username,password) values(%s,%s)"
rows = cursor.excute(sql,('jason','123'))
# 修改
sql = "update user set username='jasonDSB' where id=1"
rows = cursor.excute(sql)
"""
增和改单单执行excute并不会真正影响到数据，需要再执行conn.commit()才可以完成真正的增改
"""
# 一次插入多行记录
res = cursor,excutemany(sql,[(),(),()]
