day 65 Django基础之django分页
Django基础之django分页
一、Django的内置分页器（paginator）
view
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
from app01.models import *
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
def index(request):
'''
批量导入数据:
Booklist=[]
for i in range(100):
Booklist.append(Book(title="book"+str(i),price=30+i*i))
Book.objects.bulk_create(Booklist)
'''
'''
分页器的使用:
book_list=Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 10)
print("count:",paginator.count) #数据总数
print("num_pages",paginator.num_pages) #总页数
print("page_range",paginator.page_range) #页码的列表
page1=paginator.page(1) #第1页的page对象
for i in page1: #遍历第1页的所有数据对象
print(i)
print(page1.object_list) #第1页的所有数据
page2=paginator.page(2)
print(page2.has_next()) #是否有下一页
print(page2.next_page_number()) #下一页的页码
print(page2.has_previous()) #是否有上一页
print(page2.previous_page_number()) #上一页的页码
# 抛错
#page=paginator.page(12) # error:EmptyPage
#page=paginator.page("z") # error:PageNotAnInteger
'''
book_list=Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 10)
page = request.GET.get('page',1)
currentPage=int(page)
try:
print(page)
book_list = paginator.page(page)
except PageNotAnInteger:
book_list = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
book_list = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request,"index.html",{"book_list":book_list,"paginator":paginator,"currentPage":currentPage})
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h4>分页器</h4>
<ul>
{% for book in book_list %}
<li>{{ book.title }} -----{{ book.price }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<ul class="pagination" id="pager">
{% if book_list.has_previous %}
<li class="previous"><a href="/index/?page={{ book_list.previous_page_number }}">上一页</a></li>
{% else %}
<li class="previous disabled"><a href="#">上一页</a></li>
{% endif %}
{% for num in paginator.page_range %}
{% if num == currentPage %}
<li class="item active"><a href="/index/?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>
{% else %}
<li class="item"><a href="/index/?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% if book_list.has_next %}
<li class="next"><a href="/index/?page={{ book_list.next_page_number }}">下一页</a></li>
{% else %}
<li class="next disabled"><a href="#">下一页</a></li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
扩展
def index(request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 15)
page = request.GET.get('page',1)
currentPage=int(page)
# 如果页数十分多时，换另外一种显示方式
if paginator.num_pages>11:
if currentPage-5<1:
pageRange=range(1,11)
elif currentPage+5>paginator.num_pages:
pageRange=range(currentPage-5,paginator.num_pages+1)
else:
pageRange=range(currentPage-5,currentPage+5)
else:
pageRange=paginator.page_range
try:
print(page)
book_list = paginator.page(page)
except PageNotAnInteger:
book_list = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
book_list = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request,"index.html",locals())
二、自定义分页
当数据库中数据有很多，我们通常会在前端页面做分页展示。
分页的数据可以在前端页面实现，也可以在后端实现分页。
后端实现分页的原理就是每次只请求一页数据。
准备工作
我们使用脚本批量创建一些测试数据（将下面的代码保存到bulk_create.py文件中放到Django项目的根目录，直接执行即可。）：
import os
if __name__ == "__main__":
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "about_orm.settings")
import django
django.setup()
from app01 import models
bulk_obj = (models.Publisher(name='第{}出版社'.format(i)) for i in range(300))
models.Publisher.objects.bulk_create(bulk_obj) #批量添加，注意写法
看下面几个版本的分页：
def publisher_list(request):
# 从URL中取当前访问的页码数
try:
current_page = int(request.GET.get('page'))
except Exception as e:
# 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页
current_page = 1
# 总数据量
total_count = models.Publisher.objects.count()
# 定义每页显示多少条数据
per_page = 10
# 计算出总页码数
total_page, more = divmod(total_count, per_page)
if more:
total_page += 1
# 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)
max_show = 11
half_show = max_show // 2
# 计算一下页面显示的页码范围
if total_page <= max_show: # 总页码数小于最大显示页码数
page_start = 1
page_end = total_page
elif current_page + half_show >= total_page: # 右边越界
page_end = total_page
page_start = total_page - max_show
elif current_page - half_show <= 1: # 左边越界
page_start = 1
page_end = max_show
else: # 正常页码区间
page_start = current_page - half_show
page_end = current_page + half_show
# 数据索引起始位置
data_start = (current_page-1) * per_page
data_end = current_page * per_page
publisher_list = models.Publisher.objects.all()[data_start:data_end]
# 生成页面上显示的页码
page_html_list = []
page_html_list.append('<nav aria-label="Page navigation"><ul class="pagination">')
# 加首页
first_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page=1">首页</a></li>'
page_html_list.append(first_li)
# 加上一页
if current_page == 1:
prev_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'
else:
prev_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(current_page - 1)
page_html_list.append(prev_li)
for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
if i == current_page:
li_tag = '<li class="active"><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
else:
li_tag = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
page_html_list.append(li_tag)
# 加下一页
if current_page == total_page:
next_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'
else:
next_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(current_page + 1)
page_html_list.append(next_li)
# 加尾页
page_end_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}">尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page)
page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
page_html_list.append('</ul></nav>')
page_html = "".join(page_html_list)
return render(request, "publisher_list.html", {"publisher_list": publisher_list, "page_html": page_html})
def publisher_list(request):
# 从URL中取当前访问的页码数
try:
current_page = int(request.GET.get('page'))
except Exception as e:
# 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页
current_page = 1
# 总数据量
total_count = models.Publisher.objects.count()
# 定义每页显示多少条数据
per_page = 10
# 计算出总页码数
total_page, more = divmod(total_count, per_page)
if more:
total_page += 1
# 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)
max_show = 11
half_show = max_show // 2
# 计算一下页面显示的页码范围
if total_page <= max_show: # 总页码数小于最大显示页码数
page_start = 1
page_end = total_page
elif current_page + half_show >= total_page: # 右边越界
page_end = total_page
page_start = total_page - max_show
elif current_page - half_show <= 1: # 左边越界
page_start = 1
page_end = max_show
else: # 正常页码区间
page_start = current_page - half_show
page_end = current_page + half_show
# 数据索引起始位置
data_start = (current_page-1) * per_page
data_end = current_page * per_page
publisher_list = models.Publisher.objects.all()[data_start:data_end]
# 生成页面上显示的页码
page_html_list = []
page_html_list.append('<nav aria-label="Page navigation"><ul class="pagination">')
# 加首页
first_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page=1">首页</a></li>'
page_html_list.append(first_li)
# 加上一页
if current_page == 1:
prev_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'
else:
prev_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(current_page - 1)
page_html_list.append(prev_li)
for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
if i == current_page:
li_tag = '<li class="active"><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
else:
li_tag = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i)
page_html_list.append(li_tag)
# 加下一页
if current_page == total_page:
next_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'
else:
next_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(current_page + 1)
page_html_list.append(next_li)
# 加尾页
page_end_li = '<li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}">尾页</a></li>'.format(total_page)
page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
page_html_list.append('</ul></nav>')
page_html = "".join(page_html_list)
return render(request, "publisher_list.html", {"publisher_list": publisher_list, "page_html": page_html})
class Pagination(object):
"""自定义分页（Bootstrap版）"""
def __init__(self, current_page, total_count, base_url, per_page=10, max_show=11):
"""
:param current_page: 当前请求的页码
:param total_count: 总数据量
:param base_url: 请求的URL
:param per_page: 每页显示的数据量，默认值为10
:param max_show: 页面上最多显示多少个页码，默认值为11
"""
try:
self.current_page = int(current_page)
except Exception as e:
# 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页
self.current_page = 1
# 定义每页显示多少条数据
self.per_page = per_page
# 计算出总页码数
total_page, more = divmod(total_count, per_page)
if more:
total_page += 1
self.total_page = total_page
# 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)
self.max_show = max_show
self.half_show = max_show // 2
self.base_url = base_url
@property
def start(self):
return (self.current_page-1) * self.per_page
@property
def end(self):
return self.current_page * self.per_page
def page_html(self):
# 计算一下页面显示的页码范围
if self.total_page <= self.max_show: # 总页码数小于最大显示页码数
page_start = 1
page_end = self.total_page
elif self.current_page + self.half_show >= self.total_page: # 右边越界
page_end = self.total_page
page_start = self.total_page - self.max_show
elif self.current_page - self.half_show <= 1: # 左边越界
page_start = 1
page_end = self.max_show
else: # 正常页码区间
page_start = self.current_page - self.half_show
page_end = self.current_page + self.half_show
# 生成页面上显示的页码
page_html_list = []
page_html_list.append('<nav aria-label="Page navigation"><ul class="pagination">')
# 加首页
first_li = '<li><a href="{}?page=1">首页</a></li>'.format(self.base_url)
page_html_list.append(first_li)
# 加上一页
if self.current_page == 1:
prev_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'
else:
prev_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(
self.base_url, self.current_page - 1)
page_html_list.append(prev_li)
for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
if i == self.current_page:
li_tag = '<li class="active"><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, i)
else:
li_tag = '<li><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, i)
page_html_list.append(li_tag)
# 加下一页
if self.current_page == self.total_page:
next_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'
else:
next_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(
self.base_url, self.current_page + 1)
page_html_list.append(next_li)
# 加尾页
page_end_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, self.total_page)
page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
page_html_list.append('</ul></nav>')
return "".join(page_html_list)
class Pagination(object):
"""自定义分页（Bootstrap版）"""
def __init__(self, current_page, total_count, base_url, per_page=10, max_show=11):
"""
:param current_page: 当前请求的页码
:param total_count: 总数据量
:param base_url: 请求的URL
:param per_page: 每页显示的数据量，默认值为10
:param max_show: 页面上最多显示多少个页码，默认值为11
"""
try:
self.current_page = int(current_page)
except Exception as e:
# 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页
self.current_page = 1
# 定义每页显示多少条数据
self.per_page = per_page
# 计算出总页码数
total_page, more = divmod(total_count, per_page)
if more:
total_page += 1
self.total_page = total_page
# 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)
self.max_show = max_show
self.half_show = max_show // 2
self.base_url = base_url
@property
def start(self):
return (self.current_page-1) * self.per_page
@property
def end(self):
return self.current_page * self.per_page
def page_html(self):
# 计算一下页面显示的页码范围
if self.total_page <= self.max_show: # 总页码数小于最大显示页码数
page_start = 1
page_end = self.total_page
elif self.current_page + self.half_show >= self.total_page: # 右边越界
page_end = self.total_page
page_start = self.total_page - self.max_show
elif self.current_page - self.half_show <= 1: # 左边越界
page_start = 1
page_end = self.max_show
else: # 正常页码区间
page_start = self.current_page - self.half_show
page_end = self.current_page + self.half_show
# 生成页面上显示的页码
page_html_list = []
page_html_list.append('<nav aria-label="Page navigation"><ul class="pagination">')
# 加首页
first_li = '<li><a href="{}?page=1">首页</a></li>'.format(self.base_url)
page_html_list.append(first_li)
# 加上一页
if self.current_page == 1:
prev_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'
else:
prev_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(
self.base_url, self.current_page - 1)
page_html_list.append(prev_li)
for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1):
if i == self.current_page:
li_tag = '<li class="active"><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, i)
else:
li_tag = '<li><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, i)
page_html_list.append(li_tag)
# 加下一页
if self.current_page == self.total_page:
next_li = '<li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'
else:
next_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(
self.base_url, self.current_page + 1)
page_html_list.append(next_li)
# 加尾页
page_end_li = '<li><a href="{}?page={}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.base_url, self.total_page)
page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
page_html_list.append('</ul></nav>')
return "".join(page_html_list)
def publisher_list(request):
# 从URL中取当前访问的页码数
current_page = int(request.GET.get('page'))
# 比len(models.Publisher.objects.all())更高效
total_count = models.Publisher.objects.count()
page_obj = Pagination(current_page, total_count, request.path_info)
data = models.Publisher.objects.all()[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
page_html = page_obj.page_html()
return render(request, "publisher_list.html", {"publisher_list": data, "page_html": page_html})
def publisher_list(request):
# 从URL中取当前访问的页码数
current_page = int(request.GET.get('page'))
# 比len(models.Publisher.objects.all())更高效
total_count = models.Publisher.objects.count()
page_obj = Pagination(current_page, total_count, request.path_info)
data = models.Publisher.objects.all()[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
page_html = page_obj.page_html()
return render(request, "publisher_list.html", {"publisher_list": data, "page_html": page_html})
再来一版django内置分页器的分页
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
L = []
for i in range(999):
L.append(i)
def index(request):
current_page = request.GET.get('p')
paginator = Paginator(L, 10)
# per_page: 每页显示条目数量
# count: 数据总个数
# num_pages:总页数
# page_range:总页数的索引范围，如: (1,10),(1,200)
# page: page对象
try:
posts = paginator.page(current_page)
# has_next 是否有下一页
# next_page_number 下一页页码
# has_previous 是否有上一页
# previous_page_number 上一页页码
# object_list 分页之后的数据列表
# number 当前页
# paginator paginator对象
except PageNotAnInteger:
posts = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
posts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'posts': posts})
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
L = []
for i in range(999):
L.append(i)
def index(request):
current_page = request.GET.get('p')
paginator = Paginator(L, 10)
# per_page: 每页显示条目数量
# count: 数据总个数
# num_pages:总页数
# page_range:总页数的索引范围，如: (1,10),(1,200)
# page: page对象
try:
posts = paginator.page(current_page)
# has_next 是否有下一页
# next_page_number 下一页页码
# has_previous 是否有上一页
# previous_page_number 上一页页码
# object_list 分页之后的数据列表
# number 当前页
# paginator paginator对象
except PageNotAnInteger:
posts = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
posts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'posts': posts})
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for item in posts %}
<li>{{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<div class="pagination">
<span class="step-links">
{% if posts.has_previous %}
<a href="?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">Previous</a>
{% endif %}
<span class="current">
Page {{ posts.number }} of {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}.
</span>
{% if posts.has_next %}
<a href="?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}">Next</a>
{% endif %}
</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for item in posts %}
<li>{{ item }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<div class="pagination">
<span class="step-links">
{% if posts.has_previous %}
<a href="?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">Previous</a>
{% endif %}
<span class="current">
Page {{ posts.number }} of {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}.
</span>
{% if posts.has_next %}
<a href="?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}">Next</a>
{% endif %}
</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
