list 列表(属于collection中的一种)

list类型,有序可重复,可变

list内的数据可以混合,string + int等

定义空列表:

1)变量名 = []

2)变量名 = list()

 

、取出集合内元素:

list = ["hello", 11, 33, "world"] (index索引从0开始)

正索引:0   1  2  3

逆索引:-4    -3   -2   -1

单个取出:(变量接收) = list[0]

批量取出:(变量接收) = list[0:2] (此处范围包左不包右,取出的元素索引为0和1)

list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

批量取出并设置跨度:(变量接收) = list[0:4:2]  #取索引0-3,跨度为2,结果[0, 2]

全部取出并设置跨度2,写法为:(变量接收) = list[::2]  # [0, 2, 4, 6]

也可以负跨度:(变量接收) = list[4::-1]    # [4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

 

反向取出:

(变量接收) = list[-1]  (-1索引为最右边字符)

即:list[2] 与 list[-2] 结果相同

 

、列表推导式:

要求:添加1-50的每个数字到list集合中

原写法:

list = []

for i in range(1, 51):

  list.append(i)

print(list)

 

现写法:

list = [i for i in range(1, 51)]  先运行循环(1),后添加(2)

  (2)  (1)

print(list)

可以使用 list = [i*2 for i in range(1, 51)]

 集合中的所有元素都*2

 

也可以其他操作

要求:将首都的首字母大写

cities = ['madrid', 'paris', 'lisabon']

list = [i.capitalize() for i in cities]

print(list)    # ['Madrid', 'Paris', 'Lisabon']

 

还可以更复杂处理,加判断条件,再大写首字母

cities = ['madrid', 'paris', 'lisabon']

list = [i.capitalize() for i in cities if i[0] == "m"]

print(list)    # ['Madrid']

 

整理出新集合,每个元素含有“ball”关键词

sports = ["Football", "Basketball", "Tennis", "Golf", "Volleyball"]

list = [x for x in sports if "ball" in x]

print(list)

 

三、内置函数:

1. len(list)      长度(含有元素的数量)

示例:list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

s = len(list)

print(s)          #结果为5

 

2. append(所添加元素)   添加元素到集合中(必定排在最后)

示例:list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

list.append("f")

print(list)      #结果为["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]

 

3. insert(插入索引位置, 所添加元素)   添加元素到集合中

示例:list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

list.insert(2, "f")

print(list)      #结果为["a", "b", "f", "c", "d", "e"]

 

3.1. extend(集合)   继承原有集合内容到本集合中(合并两个集合)(在最后插入)

示例:list = [1, 2, 3]

list.extend[4, 5, 6]

print(list)      #[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

 

4. pop(要删除的索引位置)   从集合中删除元素

示例:list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

list.pop(2)

print(list)      #结果为["a", "b", "d", "e"]

 

5. sum(list)       求和(仅限数字)

示例:list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

total = sum(list)

print(total)        #结果为15

 

6. max(list)       求最大值

示例1:list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

biggest = max(list)

print(biggest)     #结果为5

示例2:list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

biggest = max(list)

print(biggest)     #结果为e

 

7. min(list)        求最小值

示例1:list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

smallest = min(list)

print(smallest)     #结果为1

示例2:list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

smallest = min(list)

print(smallest)     #结果为a

 

8. sorted(list)      排序(默认升序)(可用于string类型元素)

示例1:list = [4, 5, 3, 1, 2]

new_list = sorted(list)

print(new_list)     #结果为[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

示例2:

list = ["sofa", "bread", "wc", "doc", "exit"]

new_list = sorted(list)

print(new_list)     #结果为['bread', 'doc', 'exit', 'sofa', 'wc']

#以首字母进行排序,首字母相同时,比较第二个字母

 

9. sorted(list, reverse = True)      降序排序

示例1:list = [4, 5, 3, 1, 2]

new_list = sorted(list, reverse = True)

print(new_list)     #结果为[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

示例2:

list = ["sofa", "bread", "wc", "doc", "exit"]

new_list = sorted(list, reverse = True)

print(new_list)     #结果为['wc', 'sofa', 'exit', 'doc', 'bread']

#以首字母进行排序,首字母相同时,比较第二个字母

 

10. index(元素)      获取该元素的索引

list = [4, 5, 3, 1, 2]

ind = list.index(5)

print(ind)     #结果为1

#如果该元素在list集合中不存在,将会报错

 

10. count(元素)      统计该元素在集合中的个数

list = ['a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b']

i = list.count('b')

print(i)     #结果为2

 

11. map(函数,迭代)

使用map可以避免操作list的索引

cities = ['madrid', 'paris', 'lisabon']

def up(city):

  return city.upper()

m = map(up, cities) 

m = list(m)

print(m)

 

 

posted @ 2024-06-07 11:55  杨小帆65  阅读(38)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报