【Windows编程】系列第二篇：Windows SDK创建基本控件
在Win32 SDK环境下，怎么来创建常用的那些基本控件呢？我们知道如果用MFC，简单的拖放即可完成大多数控件的创建，但是我们既然是用Windows SDK API编程，当然是从根上解决这个问题，实际上MFC的下层也是通过这些API完成的。
实际上控件也是窗口，只不过是被微软预先创建好的一种窗口类，比如button就是一个类名为“BUTTON”的类。既然控件实际上是窗口，当然也是用CreateWindow或者CreateWindowEx这个函数来完成的，第二个函数除了多一个扩展风格之外，其他完全一样，下面以主要以CreateWindow为例说明，该函数原型如下（实际上在第一篇已经讲过了）：
HWND CreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName,
LPCTSTR lpWindowName,
DWORD dwStyle,
int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
HWND hWndParent,
HMENU hMenu,
HANDLE hInstance,
PVOID lpParam );
lpClassName：控件的类名
lpWindowName：控件的名字或者文本
dwStyle：控件风格
x，y，nWidth，nHeight：控件的坐标和宽高
hWndParent：控件的父窗口
hMenu：控件的ID
hInstance：控件设置为空
lpParam：控件设为空
那么具体怎么实现各个基本的控件呢？下面我们来先依次举例。
- 创建标签/静态文本
CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);
- 创建button
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);
- 创建编辑框
CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER, 10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);
- 创建Groupbox
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("frame"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);
- 创建单选框
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("radio button"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);
- 创建复选框
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("红色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);
- 创建列表框
CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);
- 创建组合框
CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);
- 创建滚动条
CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL);
以上创建各个控件都很差傻瓜化，你可以复制下来改改坐标、文本、风格、ID等就可以按照你的需要创建了。
下面我们就来实战一下，把这些常用的控件在程序中实现，下面我们来实现一个完整的windows程序，程序中包含了这些常用的控件和更多的用法。
/* 常用控件实例 */
#include <windows.h>
#define IDC_STATIC1 1001 #define IDC_BUTTON1 1002 #define IDC_EDIT1 1003 #define IDC_FRAME1 1004 #define IDC_MALE 2001 #define IDC_FEMALE 2002 #define IDC_LISTBOX1 1005 #define IDC_CB1 1006 #define IDC_CKBRED 1007 #define IDC_CKBGRN 1008 #define IDC_CKBBLU 1009 #define IDC_SCB1 1010 #define IDC_SCB2 1011
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin32"); static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hWnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR); return 0; }
hWnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name szAppName, // window caption WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position 400, // initial x size 300, // initial y size NULL, // parent window handle NULL, // window menu handle hInstance, // program instance handle NULL); // creation parameters
ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hWnd);
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); }
return msg.wParam; }
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HWND hCtrl;
switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL); CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER, 10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("性别"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL); CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("男"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL); CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("女"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 194, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FEMALE, NULL, NULL);
CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("红色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL); CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("绿色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 180, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBGRN, NULL, NULL); CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("蓝色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 240, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBBLU, NULL, NULL);
hCtrl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL); SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str1")); SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str2")); SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str3")); SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str4"));
hCtrl = CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL); SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str1")); SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str2")); SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str3")); SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("comb str4")); SendMessage(hCtrl, CB_SETCURSEL, 1, 0);
CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL); CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SBS_VERT, 240, 100, 20, 120, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB2, NULL, NULL); return 0;
case WM_COMMAND: { HWND hwndTmp; int wmId = LOWORD(wParam); switch (wmId) { case IDC_BUTTON1: hwndTmp = GetDlgItem(hWnd, IDC_STATIC1); SetWindowText(hwndTmp, TEXT("New Text")); MessageBox(hWnd, TEXT("Text Changed!"), TEXT("info"), MB_OK); break; } } return 0;
case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC: { HDC hdc = (HDC)wParam; SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00)); } return (BOOL)((HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));
case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; }
return DefWindowProc (hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); }
编译一下运行，结果如下：
怎么样，是不是很简单，虽然我们的控件创建比MFC麻烦一下，但是我们是从“根”上来解决问题的，感觉是不一样的！有了这些基本的用法，你就可以构建更加复制的Windows界面了。赶快去试试吧。
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