Linux安装mysql7(rpm版安装)教程

版本信息：

• CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

• mysql-5.7.35

1.下载mysql5.7的rpm安装包

• 下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

2.上传mysql安装包到centos7的系统下

3.安装依赖

3.1 查看linux上是否已经安装了mysql,有则卸载。

3.1.1一般centos7默认安装了mariadb,这里把它卸载：

# 查看
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

# 卸载
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

3.1.2 卸载原有的mysql：

# 查看
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
MySQL-server-5.6.48-1.el7.x86_64
MySQL-client-5.6.48-1.el7.x86_64

# 卸载
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps MySQL-server-5.6.48-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps MySQL-client-5.6.48-1.el7.x86_64

# 查找mysql文件
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/run/lock/subsys/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql

# 删除mysql文件
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /run/lock/subsys/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql

# 查找配置文件my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf
/usr/my.cnf

# 删除配置文件my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/my.cnf

3.2 安装mysql5.7所需要的依赖

 -y 表示确定安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install libaio -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install perl -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install net-tools -y

4.安装mysql5.7

4.1 解压mysql5.7安装包

[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 532840
-rw-------. 1 root root      1602 8月  30 17:07 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 545617920 12月  9 09:48 mysql-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# 

4.2 安装mysql5.7

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.35-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.35-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.35-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.35-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# 

4.3 查看mysql5.7的状态,没有启动则把mysql启动

出现下面这个death就是没有启动,新装的第一次是没有启动的。

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status

 启动mysql：

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

4.4 修改密码

4.4.1 查看临时密码：得知临时密码：

[root@localhost ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-12-09T02:19:08.087864Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: CKsaa*<M%3U8

4.4.2 用临时密码登录mysql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p;
Enter password:

4.4.3 修改成新的密码

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set password = password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

如果没有修改密码作其他操作，则会报错：ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.；

如果修改密码过于简单，报错信息：ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，则修改Mysql 修改M密码策略；

4.5 开启远程连接,允许远程连接数据库

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

# 刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4.6 配置mysql的配置文件my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

# 端口
port= 3306
user=mysql

# 字符集
character_set_server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

# 配置表名不区分大小写 1-不区分大小写 0-区分大小写
lower_case_table_names=1

# 池大小、连接数
max_connections = 1024
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G

# 打开的表缓存实例数、所有线程打开的表的数量
table_open_cache_instances=1
table_open_cache=2000
table_definition_cache=2000

# 最大允许数据包大小
max_allowed_packet=1024M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

4.7 防火墙开启端口

Linux 开放指定端口命令

或者直接关闭防火墙（生产不建议）：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

注意：centos7的防火墙变成了firewalld,centos7以前的版本是iptables

至此，centos7下安装mysql5.7完毕.