11.11动手动脑

动手动脑1:请阅读并运行AboutException.java示例,然后通过后面的几页PPT了解Java中实现异常处理的基础知识。

源码:

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import javax.swing.*;
 
class AboutException {
   public static void main(String[] a)
   {
      int i=1, j=0, k;
      k=i/j;
 
 
    try
    {
         
        k = i/j;    // Causes division-by-zero exception
        //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");
    }
     
    catch ( ArithmeticException e)
    {
        System.out.println("被0除.  "+ e.getMessage());
    }
     
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)
            System.out.println("被0除");
        else
        
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
             
        }
    }
 
     
    finally
     {
            JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK");
     }
         
  }
}

  运行结果:

注释掉第一个 k = i / j;

知识:

1.Try{ //可能发生运行错误的代码; } catch(异常类型 异常对象引用){ //用于处理异常的代码 } finally{ //用于“善后” 的代码 }

2.使用Java异常处理机制

把可能会发生错误的代码放进try语句块中。 当程序检测到出现了一个错误时会抛出一个异常对象。异常处理代码会捕获并处理这个错误。 catch语句块中的代码用于处理错误。 当异常发生时,程序控制流程由try语句块跳转到catch语句块。 不管是否有异常发生,finally语句块中的语句始终保证被执行。 如果没有提供合适的异常处理代码,JVM将会结束掉整个应用程序。

 

动手动脑2:阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果:

源代码:

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public class CatchWho {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
                try {
                    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
                }
                catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                    System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" "/内层try-catch");
                }
  
            throw new ArithmeticException();
        }
        catch(ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");
        }
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
           System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");
        }
    }
}

  运行结果:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/内层try-catch
发生ArithmeticException

 

动手动脑3:写出CatchWho2.java程序运行的结果

源代码:

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public class CatchWho2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
                try {
                    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
                }
                catch(ArithmeticException e) {
                    System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch");
                }
            throw new ArithmeticException();
        }
        catch(ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");
        }
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");
        }
    }
}

  运行结果:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/外层try-catch

 

动手动脑4:当有多个嵌套的try…catch…finally时,要特别注意finally的执行时机。 请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结。 特别注意: 当有多层嵌套的finally时,异常在不同的层次抛出 ,在不同的位置抛出,可能会导致不同的finally语句块执行顺序。

源代码:

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public class EmbededFinally {
 
     
    public static void main(String args[]) {
         
        int result;
         
        try {
             
            System.out.println("in Level 1");
 
            
            try {
                 
                System.out.println("in Level 2");
  // result=100/0;  //Level 2
                
                try {
                    
                    System.out.println("in Level 3");
                       
                    result=100/0//Level 3
                 
                }
                 
                catch (Exception e) {
                     
                    System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());
                 
                }
                 
                 
                finally {
                     
                    System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");
                 
                }
                 
                
                // result=100/0;  //Level 2
 
             
                }
             
            catch (Exception e) {
                
                System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());
            
            }
            finally {
                 
                System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");
            
             }
              
            // result = 100 / 0;  //level 1
         
        }
         
        catch (Exception e) {
             
            System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());
         
        }
         
        finally {
            
            System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");
         
        }
     
    }
 
}

  运行结果:

经过多次修改result = 100 / 0;的位置,可以得知将会跳过剩下的所有直到遇到第一个catch处理错误。继续运行剩下的。

 

动手动脑5:辨析:finally语句块一定会执行吗? 请通过 SystemExitAndFinally.java示例程序回答上述问题

源代码:

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public class SystemExitAndFinally {
 
     
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
         
        try{
 
             
            System.out.println("in main");
             
            throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");
 
                    //System.exit(0);
 
         
        }
         
        catch(Exception e)
 
            {
             
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
             
            System.exit(0);
         
        }
         
        finally
         
        {
             
            System.out.println("in finally");
         
        }
     
    }
 
 
}

  运行结果:

System.exit(0);可以结束一切但是不可以阻止catch异常。

 

课后作业:编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个 整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。 要求程序必须具备足够的健壮性,不管用户输入什 么样的内容,都不会崩溃。

源代码:

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package T9;
 
import java.util.Scanner;
 
class MyException extends Exception//输入异常
{
    public MyException()
    {
         
    }
    public MyException(String msg)
    {
        super(msg);
    }
}
 
public class Score {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
        String str = null;
        double score = 0;
        boolean flag = false;//判断输入格式正确
         
        System.out.print("请输入成绩(0-100):");
        while(!flag)
        {
            try{
                str = s.next();
                for(int i = 0;i < str.length();i++)//判断输入的是不是double
                {
                    if(str.length() == 1 && str.charAt(i) == '.')
                        throw new MyException("数字格式异常!");
                    if((str.charAt(i) >= '0' && str.charAt(i) <= '9') || str.charAt(i) == '.')
                        ;
                    else
                        throw new MyException("数字格式异常!");
                    if(i == str.length() - 1)
                    {
                        score = Double.parseDouble(str);
                        if(score > 100.0 || score < 0.0)
                            throw new MyException("数字超出范围!");
                        else
                            flag = true;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch(MyException e)//异常处理
            {
                System.out.print(e.getMessage());
                System.out.print("请重新输入:");
            }
        }
         
        if(score >= 90)
            System.out.println("优!");
        else if(score >= 80)
            System.out.println("良!");
        else if(score >= 70)
            System.out.println("中!");
        else if(score >= 60)
            System.out.println("及格!");
        else
            System.out.println("不及格!");
    }
 
}

  

  运行结果:

 

posted @ 2018-11-11 20:33  互联.王  阅读(112)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报