Django之文件上传

1:文件上传是网站中常见的功能,一般用form表单来提交:

HTML

<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="myfile">
    <input type="submit">
</form>

view

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views.generic import View
from .forms import IndexFrom
class IndexView(View):

    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,"index.html")

    def post(self,request):
        myfile = request.FILES.get("myfile")  //接收file文件
        with open("aa.txt","wb") as fp:   
            for chunk in myfile.chunks():
                fp.write(chunk)
        return HttpResponse("ok")

  结果会在项目目录中多了一个aa.txt文件

  2:使用模型来处理上传文件

  model:

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    thumbnail = models.FileField(upload_to="files")   //定义一个FileField字段,upload_to表示上传来的文件放在哪个文件夹也可以(upload_to="%Y%m%d")

view:

  def post(self,request):
        title = request.POST.get("title")
        content = request.POST.get("content")
        thumbnail = request.FILES.get("myfile")  //获取文件
        article = Article.objects.create(title=title,content=content,thumbnail=thumbnail)
        article.save()
        return HttpResponse("ok")

  3指定MEDIA_ROOT和MEDIA_URL:

  在setting中添加这两个字段:

  

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"media")        //表示长传的文件存放的目录(就可以不再upload_to中设置l)
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"   //访问这个文件的路径

url.py 需要设置路径:

from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("",views.IndexView.as_view())
]+static(settings.MEDIA_URL,document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

  4限制文件拓展名:

  

from django.db import models
from django.core import validators

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    thumbnail = models.FileField(upload_to="%Y/%m/%d",validators=[validators.FileExtensionValidator(["txt","pdf"])])  //通过validator来限制

  5上传图片:(上传图片需要安装Pillow库)(pip install Pillow)

  

 images = models.ImageField(upload_to="files")   //方法和上面一样

 

posted @ 2019-01-15 15:00  漏斗倒过来  阅读(357)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报