树莓派高级GPIO库,wiringpi2 for python使用笔记(三)GPIO操作

GPIO库的核心功能,当然就是操作GPIO了,GPIO就是“通用输入/输出”接口,比如点亮一个LED、继电器等,或者通过iic spi 1-wire等协议,读取、写入数据,这都是GPIO的用处,可以说没有GPIO,树莓派只能当小电脑用,有了GPIO,就升级成一个控制器了。先来说说怎么操作一个数字量(高低电平)。

先看代码:

import wiringpi2 as gpio
from wiringpi2 import GPIO

gpio.wiringPiSetup()  #初始化
gpio.pinMode(25,GPIO.OUTPUT) # 把pin25设置为输出模式
gpio.digitalWrite(25,GPIO.HIGH) #pin25输出为高电平
print(gpio.digitalRead(25)) #打印pin25的状态

值的注意的是,GPIO在输出模式时,也可以读取GPIO状态。

wiringpi对树莓派2的GPIO定义如下:

[root@RasPi ~/testcode]# gpio readall
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 2---+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 | BCM | wPi |   Name  | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name    | wPi | BCM |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 |     |     |    3.3v |      |   |  1 || 2  |   |      | 5v      |     |     |
 |   2 |   8 |   SDA.1 |   IN | 1 |  3 || 4  |   |      | 5V      |     |     |
 |   3 |   9 |   SCL.1 |   IN | 1 |  5 || 6  |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   4 |   7 | GPIO. 7 |   IN | 1 |  7 || 8  | 1 | ALT0 | TxD     | 15  | 14  |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   |  9 || 10 | 1 | ALT0 | RxD     | 16  | 15  |
 |  17 |   0 | GPIO. 0 |   IN | 0 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 1 | 1   | 18  |
 |  27 |   2 | GPIO. 2 |   IN | 0 | 13 || 14 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |  22 |   3 | GPIO. 3 |   IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 4 | 4   | 23  |
 |     |     |    3.3v |      |   | 17 || 18 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 5 | 5   | 24  |
 |  10 |  12 |    MOSI |   IN | 0 | 19 || 20 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   9 |  13 |    MISO |   IN | 0 | 21 || 22 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 6 | 6   | 25  |
 |  11 |  14 |    SCLK |   IN | 0 | 23 || 24 | 1 | IN   | CE0     | 10  | 8   |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   | 25 || 26 | 1 | IN   | CE1     | 11  | 7   |
 |   0 |  30 |   SDA.0 |   IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN   | SCL.0   | 31  | 1   |
 |   5 |  21 | GPIO.21 |   IN | 1 | 29 || 30 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   6 |  22 | GPIO.22 |   IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.26 | 26  | 12  |
 |  13 |  23 | GPIO.23 |   IN | 0 | 33 || 34 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |  19 |  24 | GPIO.24 |   IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.27 | 27  | 16  |
 |  26 |  25 | GPIO.25 |   IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.28 | 28  | 20  |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.29 | 29  | 21  |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 | BCM | wPi |   Name  | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name    | wPi | BCM |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 2---+---+------+---------+-----+-----+

我们看到,wringpi对针脚有三种定义方式,BCM代表GPIO模式,wPi代表pin模式,Physical代表物理针脚模式。

比如我们上边操作的Pin25,按照物理针脚就是37,GPIO模式则为26

下边代码访问的同一个针脚:

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# GPIO port numbers  
import wiringpi2 as wiringpi  
wiringpi.wiringPiSetupGpio()  
wiringpi.pinMode(26, 0) # sets GPIO 26 to input   
  
# wiringpi numbers  
import wiringpi2 as wiringpi  
wiringpi.wiringPiSetup()  
wiringpi.pinMode(25, 0) # sets WP pin 25 to input  
  
# Physical P1 header pin numbers  
import wiringpi2 as wiringpi  
wiringPiSetupPhys()  
wiringpi.pinMode(37, 0) # sets P1 pin 37 to input

更换初始化函数,可以在各种模式下切换,我们用的wiringPiSetup() 函数,所以是pin模式,pin25在插针的左下角,跟0v相邻,接线如下:

lde

另外,还有另一种操作GPIO的方法:

from wiringpi2 import GPIO
gpio=GPIO()  #新建GPIO对象,默认为pin模式,可以加参数切换为别的模式
gpio.pinMode(25,GPIO.OUTPUT) #把GPIO25设为OUTPUT
gpio.digitalWrite(25,1)   #把GPIO25设为高电平
print(gpio.digitalRead(25))

这种方法是用类封装的wiringpi接口,速度比直接调用函数慢一些,如果程序对时序要求较高,则不推荐用这种方式。

posted on 2016-01-03 16:57  yafeng  阅读(10493)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报

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