多线程

重点 线程实现&&线程同步

一、创建方式

  • 继承Thread类
  • 实现Runnable类

二、Thread类

  1. 自定义线程类继承Thread类
  2. 重写run()方法,编写线程执行体。
  3. 创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
//创建线程的方式一:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start()开启线程
    
    //总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码----" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主方法,main线程

        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread1 thread1 = new TestThread1();
        //调用start()方法,开启线程
        thread1.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程----" + i);

        }
    }

}

网图下载练习

package com.kuang.demo01;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @author yt
 * @create 2021-07-31 15:49
 */

//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread {

    private String url;//网络图片地址
    private String name;//保存的文件名

    public TestThread2(String url, String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }


    //下载图片的线程执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownLoader webDownLoader = new WebDownLoader();
        webDownLoader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载的文件名为:" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("http://www.news.cn/titlepic/112771/1127714905_1627653219979_title0h.jpg","1.jpg");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("http://www.news.cn/titlepic/112771/1127714905_1627653229676_title0h.jpg", "2.jpg");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownLoader{
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader出现问题");
        }
    }
}

三、Runnable接口

  1. 自定义类实现Runnable接口
  2. 重写run()方法,编写线程执行体
  3. 创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程

四、小结

  • 继承Thread类
    • 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
    • 启动线程:子类对象.start()
    • 不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性
  • 实现Runnable接口
    • 实现Runnable接口具有多线程能力
    • 启动线程:new Thread(目标对象).start()
    • 推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用

例题

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable {

    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {

            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i%10==0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            if (flag){
                break;
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->跑了" + i + "步");

        }

    }

    public boolean gameOver(int steps){
        if(winner != null){
            return true;
        }{
            if (steps >= 100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is" + winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();

        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }

}

五、静态代理模式

package com.kuang.demo01;

/**
 * @author yt
 * @create 2021-08-01 17:18
 */

//静态代理模式总结:
    //真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口

//好处:
//代理对象可以做很多真实对象不能做的事情
//真实对象就专注做自己的事情
public class StacticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        You you = new You();

        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();

    }

}

interface Marry{

    void HappyMarry();

}


//真是角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{


    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("qing要结婚了,很开心!");
    }
}

//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{

    //代理谁-->真实目标对象
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();//真实对象
        after();
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款!");
    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("结婚前,布置现场!");
    }
}

六、Lamda表达式

为什么有Lamda表达式?

  • 避免匿名内部类定义过多
  • 让代码看起来更简洁
  • 去掉一些没有意见的代码,只留下核心的逻辑

函数式接口的定义:

  • 任何一个接口只包含唯一一个抽象方法,那么它就是一个函数式接口

    public interface Runnable{
        public abstract void run();
    }
    
  • 对于函数式接口,我们可以通过Lamda表达式来创建该接口的对象

package com.kuang.lamda;

/**
 * @author yt
 * @create 2021-08-01 20:35
 */
//推导lamda表达式
public class TestLamda1 {

    //3.静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements ILike{
        @Override
        public void lamda() {
            System.out.println("i like lamda2!");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lamda();

        like = new Like2();
        like.lamda();


        //4.局部内部类
        class Like3 implements ILike{
            @Override
            public void lamda() {
                System.out.println("i like lamda3!");
            }
        }

        like = new Like3();
        like.lamda();

        //5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
        like = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lamda() {
                System.out.println("i like lamda4!");
            }
        };
        like.lamda();

        //6.用lamda表示
        like = ()-> {
            System.out.println("i like lamda5!");
        };
        like.lamda();



    }

}

//1、定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
    public abstract void lamda();
}

//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
    @Override
    public void lamda() {
        System.out.println("i like lamda!");
    }
}

总结

  • lamda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化为一行,如果有多行,就写成代码块
  • 前提必须是函数式接口
  • 多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉都得去掉
love = a -> System.out.println("i like you " + a);

七、线程停止

package com.kuang.state;

/**
 * @author yt
 * @create 2021-08-02 10:17
 */
//测试stop
    //1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议使用死循环
    //2.建议使用标志位--->立一个flag
    //3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不推荐使用的方法


public class TestStop implements Runnable{

    //设置标志位
    private boolean flag = true;


    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run.....Thread" + i++);

        }
    }

    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();

        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main " + i);
            if (i == 900){
                //切换标志位,让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程停止!");
            }

        }


    }
}

八、线程休眠

  1. sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数;
  2. sleep()存在异常InterruptedException;
  3. sleep()时间到达后线程进入就绪状态;
  4. sleep()可以模拟网络延迟或倒计时等;
  5. 每个对象都有一把锁,sleep不会释放锁

九、线程礼让——yield

//礼让不一定成功,看CPU的心情
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();

        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }


}


class MyYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程开始");
        Thread.yield();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程结束");
    }
}

十、线程强制实行——join

//想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if(i == 200){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main" + i);
        }

    }
}

十一、守护(daemon)线程

  • 线程分为用户线程和守护线程
  • 虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
  • 虚拟机不需要确保守护线程执行完毕

thread.setDaemon(true).默认是false表示用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程

十三、线程同步

//不安全的取钱    //两个人去取钱public class UnsafeBank {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Account account = new Account(100, "结婚基金");        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "girlFriend");        you.start();        girlFriend.start();    }}//账户class Account{    int money;//余额    String name;//卡名    public Account(int money, String name) {        this.money = money;        this.name = name;    }}//银行:模拟取款class Drawing extends Thread{    Account account;//账户    int drawingMoney;//取多少钱    int nowMoney;//还有多少钱    public Drawing (Account account, int drawingMoney,String name){        super(name);        this.account = account;        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;    }    //取钱    //synchronized 默认锁的是this    @Override    public  void run() {        //锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象        synchronized (account){            //判断有没有钱            if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够,不能取");                return;            }            try {                Thread.sleep(1000);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;            System.out.println(account.name + "余额为" + account.money);            //Thread.currentThread().getName()==this.getName()            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱" + nowMoney);        }        }}
//不安全的买票public class UnsafeBuyTiket {    public static void main(String[] args) {        BuyTicket ticket = new BuyTicket();        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛").start();    }}class BuyTicket implements Runnable{    //票    private int ticketNums = 10;    boolean flag = true;    @Override    public void run() {        //买票        while (flag){            try {                buy();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    //synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this    private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {        //判断是否有票        if (ticketNums <= 0){            flag = false;            return;        }        //模拟延时        Thread.sleep(100);        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNums--);    }}

十四、Lock锁

package com.kuang.senior;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/** * @author yt * @create 2021-08-03 14:23 */public class TestLock {    public static void main(String[] args) {        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();        new Thread(testLock2).start();        new Thread(testLock2).start();        new Thread(testLock2).start();    }}class TestLock2 implements Runnable{    int ticketNums = 10;    //定义锁    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();    @Override    public void run() {        while (true){            try {                lock.lock();//加锁            }finally {                if (ticketNums > 0 ){                    try {                        Thread.sleep(1000);                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);                }else {                    break;                }                //解锁                lock.unlock();            }        }    }}

小结:synchronized 与 Lock 的对比

  • Lock是显示锁(手动开关锁,不要忘记关锁),synchronized是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放
  • Lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
  • 使用Lock锁,JVM将花费较少的时间来调度线程,性能更好。并且具有更好的扩展性(提供更多的子类)
  • 优先使用顺序
    • lock-> 同步代码块->同步方法
posted @ 2021-08-04 15:05  半路_出家ren  阅读(69)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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