ASP.NET Core Web 应用程序系列(三)- 在ASP.NET Core中使用Autofac替换自带DI进行构造函数和属性的批量依赖注入(MVC当中应用)
在上一章中主要和大家分享了在ASP.NET Core中如何使用Autofac替换自带DI进行构造函数的批量依赖注入,本章将和大家继续分享如何使之能够同时支持属性的批量依赖注入。
约定:
1、仓储层接口都以“I”开头,以“Repository”结尾。仓储层实现都以“Repository”结尾。
2、服务层接口都以“I”开头,以“Service”结尾。服务层实现都以“Service”结尾。
接下来我们正式进入主题,在上一章的基础上我们再添加一个web项目TianYa.DotNetShare.CoreAutofacDemo,首先来看一下我们的解决方案
本demo的web项目为ASP.NET Core Web 应用程序(.NET Core 2.2) MVC框架,需要引用以下几个程序集:
1、TianYa.DotNetShare.Model 我们的实体层
2、TianYa.DotNetShare.Service 我们的服务层
3、TianYa.DotNetShare.Repository 我们的仓储层,正常我们的web项目是不应该使用仓储层的,此处我们引用是为了演示IOC依赖注入
4、Autofac 依赖注入基础组件
5、Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection 依赖注入.NET Core的辅助组件
其中Autofac和Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection需要从我们的NuGet上引用,依次点击下载以下2个包:
接着我们在web项目中添加一个类AutofacModuleRegister.cs用来注册Autofac模块,如下所示:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Autofac; namespace TianYa.DotNetShare.CoreAutofacDemo { /// <summary> /// 注册Autofac模块 /// </summary> public class AutofacModuleRegister : Autofac.Module { /// <summary> /// 重写Autofac管道Load方法,在这里注册注入 /// </summary> protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder) { //builder.RegisterType<StudentRepository>().As<IStudentRepository>().PropertiesAutowired() // .InstancePerLifetimeScope(); //builder.RegisterType<StudentService>().As<IStudentService>().PropertiesAutowired() // .InstancePerLifetimeScope(); builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("TianYa.DotNetShare.Repository")) .Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Repository")) .AsSelf().AsImplementedInterfaces().PropertiesAutowired().InstancePerLifetimeScope(); builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(GetAssemblyByName("TianYa.DotNetShare.Service")) .Where(a => a.Name.EndsWith("Service")) .AsSelf().AsImplementedInterfaces().PropertiesAutowired().InstancePerLifetimeScope(); //注册MVC控制器,注册所有到控制器 var controllersTypesInAssembly = typeof(Startup).Assembly.GetExportedTypes() .Where(type => typeof(Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ControllerBase).IsAssignableFrom(type)).ToArray(); builder.RegisterTypes(controllersTypesInAssembly).PropertiesAutowired(); } /// <summary> /// 根据程序集名称获取程序集 /// </summary> /// <param name="assemblyName">程序集名称</param> public static Assembly GetAssemblyByName(string assemblyName) { return Assembly.Load(assemblyName); } } }
然后打开我们的Startup.cs文件进行注入工作,如下所示:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using Autofac; using Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace TianYa.DotNetShare.CoreAutofacDemo { public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => { // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request. options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; }); services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2).AddControllersAsServices(); return RegisterAutofac(services); //注册Autofac } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else { app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error"); } app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseCookiePolicy(); app.UseMvc(routes => { routes.MapRoute( name: "default", template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); }); } /// <summary> /// 注册Autofac /// </summary> private IServiceProvider RegisterAutofac(IServiceCollection services) { //实例化Autofac容器 var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); //将services中的服务填充到Autofac中 builder.Populate(services); //新模块组件注册 builder.RegisterModule<AutofacModuleRegister>(); //创建容器 var container = builder.Build(); //第三方IoC容器接管Core内置DI容器 return new AutofacServiceProvider(container); } } }
PS:
1、需要将自带的ConfigureServices方法的返回值改成IServiceProvider。
2、需要修改如下语句:
将原有的:
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
改为:
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2).AddControllersAsServices();
接下来我们来看看控制器里面怎么弄:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using TianYa.DotNetShare.CoreAutofacDemo.Models; using TianYa.DotNetShare.Service; using TianYa.DotNetShare.Repository; using TianYa.DotNetShare.Repository.Impl; namespace TianYa.DotNetShare.CoreAutofacDemo.Controllers { public class HomeController : Controller { /// <summary> /// 定义仓储层学生抽象类对象 /// </summary> private IStudentRepository _stuRepository; /// <summary> /// 定义服务层学生抽象类对象 /// </summary> private IStudentService _stuService; /// <summary> /// 定义服务层学生抽象类对象 /// 属性注入:访问修饰符必须为public,否则会注入失败。 /// </summary> public IStudentService StuService { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 定义仓储层学生实现类对象 /// 属性注入:访问修饰符必须为public,否则会注入失败。 /// </summary> public StudentRepository StuRepository { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 通过构造函数进行注入 /// 注意:参数是抽象类,而非实现类,因为已经在Startup.cs中将实现类映射给了抽象类 /// </summary> /// <param name="stuRepository">仓储层学生抽象类对象</param> /// <param name="stuService">服务层学生抽象类对象</param> public HomeController(IStudentRepository stuRepository, IStudentService stuService) { this._stuRepository = stuRepository; this._stuService = stuService; } public IActionResult Index() { var stu1 = StuRepository.GetStuInfo("10000"); var stu2 = StuService.GetStuInfo("10001"); var stu3 = _stuService.GetStuInfo("10002"); var stu4 = _stuRepository.GetStuInfo("1003"); string msg = $"学号:10000,姓名:{stu1.Name},性别:{stu1.Sex},年龄:{stu1.Age}<br />"; msg += $"学号:10001,姓名:{stu2.Name},性别:{stu2.Sex},年龄:{stu2.Age}<br/>"; msg += $"学号:10002,姓名:{stu3.Name},性别:{stu3.Sex},年龄:{stu3.Age}<br/>"; msg += $"学号:10003,姓名:{stu4.Name},性别:{stu4.Sex},年龄:{stu4.Age}<br/>"; return Content(msg, "text/html", System.Text.Encoding.UTF8); } public IActionResult Privacy() { return View(); } [ResponseCache(Duration = 0, Location = ResponseCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)] public IActionResult Error() { return View(new ErrorViewModel { RequestId = Activity.Current?.Id ?? HttpContext.TraceIdentifier }); } } }
至此完成处理,接下来就是见证奇迹的时刻了,我们来访问一下/home/index,看看是否能返回学生信息。
可以发现,返回了学生的信息,说明我们注入成功了。
至此,本章就介绍完了,如果你觉得这篇文章对你有所帮助请记得点赞哦,谢谢!!!
demo源码:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/11RM9jUr9n342TmV8z8MEHA 提取码:86s0
版权声明:如有雷同纯属巧合,如有侵权请及时联系本人修改,谢谢!!!