实验三

任务1:

#include "window.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::cin;

void test() {
    Window w1("new window");
    w1.add_button("maximize");
    w1.display();
    w1.close();
}

int main() {
    cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
    test();
}
#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::cout;

// 按钮类
class Button {
public:
    Button(const string &text);
    string get_label() const;
    void click();

private:
    string label;
};

Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
}

inline string Button::get_label() const {
    return label;
}

void Button::click() {
    cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
}
#pragma once
#include "button.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 窗口类
class Window{
public:
    Window(const string &win_title);
    void display() const;
    void close();
    void add_button(const string &label);

private:
    string title;
    vector<Button> buttons;
};

Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
    buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
}

inline void Window::display() const {
    string s(40, '*');

    cout << s << endl;
    cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
    cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
    for(const auto &i: buttons)
        cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
    cout << s << endl;
}

void Window::close() {
    cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
    buttons.at(0).click();
}

void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
    buttons.push_back(Button(label));
}

问题一:

自定义了2个类,使用了标准库的string,cin,cout,vector,endl。自定义的window和button有组合关系,vector和button有组合关系。

问题二:

不适合,const的作用是不让编译器改变变量的值,起到保护作用,加const的函数都是如展示display等不需要改变变量的函数,其他要改变的不能加const。而加inline是因为display操作调用次数较多,用内联函数来可以节省时间。

问题三:

这行代码创建了一个名为 s 的字符串对象,并且这个字符串由40个字符组成,每个字符都是星号(*)。

运行截图:

 任务2:

代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
    for(auto &i: v)
        cout << i << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}

void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
    for(auto &i: v) {
        for(auto &j: i)
            cout << j << ", ";
        cout << "\b\b \n";
    }
}

void test1() {
    vector<int> v1(5, 42);
    const vector<int> v2(v1);

    v1.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
    cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
    cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
    const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);

    v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
    cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
    cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);

    vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
    cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
    
    const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
    cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1:\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2:\n";
    test2();
}

运行截图:

 问题一:

第一行代码创建了一个名为 v1 的 int 类型的 vector,它包含5个元素,每个元素的值都是42。

第二行代码将v1的值赋给v2。

第三行即将v1[0]赋值成-999.

问题二:

第一行行代码创建了一个一个二维的动态整数数组,这里,v1被初始化为包含两个子数组,第一个子数组包含{1, 2, 3},第二个子数组包含{4, 5, 6, 7}。

第二行将v1的值赋给v2。

第三行往v1的第一个子数组添加元素-999。

问题三:

t1是从 v1 的第一个元素(即 {1, 2, 3})复制得到的一维向量。

第二行是打印出t1的最后个元素即-999,第三行是将v2的第1个一维向量复制给t2。第四行是打印出t2的最后一个元素即3。

问题四:

标准库模板类 vector内部的复制构造函数实现的是深复制

模板类vector的接口at()确实至少需要提供一个 const 成员函数版本作为接口。这是因为at() 函数通常用于访问向量中的元素,并且有时我们需要在不修改向量内容的情况下读取这些元素。提供const成员函数版本可以确保在不改变对象状态的情况下进行安全的访问。

任务三:

代码:

#include "vectorInt.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;

void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
    for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
        cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}


void test1() {
    int n;
    cout << "Enter n: ";
    cin >> n;

    vectorInt x1(n);
    for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        x1.at(i) = i*i;
    cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);

    vectorInt x2(n, 42);
    vectorInt x3(x2);
    x2.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
    cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
}

void test2() {
    const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
    vectorInt y(10, 0);

    cout << "y: ";  output(y);
    y.assign(x);
    cout << "y: ";  output(y);
    
    cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: \n";
    test2();
}
#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 动态int数组对象类
class vectorInt{
public:
    vectorInt(int n);
    vectorInt(int n, int value);
    vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
    ~vectorInt();

    int& at(int index);
    const int& at(int index) const;

    vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
    int get_size() const;

private:
    int size;
    int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
};

vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
}

vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
    for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = value;
}

vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
    for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
}

vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
    delete [] ptr;
}

const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);

    return ptr[index];
}

int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);

    return ptr[index];
}

vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
    delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源

    size = v.size;
    ptr = new int[size];

    for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];

    return *this;
}

int vectorInt::get_size() const {
    return size;
}

运行截图:

 问题一:

深复制。

问题二:

不能正常运行,

如果修改,那么该方法将不再返回对向量中元素的直接引用,而是返回该元素的一个副本。这意味着,通过at()方法获得的任何值都将是向量中对应元素的一个快照,而不是对该元素的持久引用。去掉const存在安全隐患,如果去掉那么该方法将返回对向量中元素的非const引用。这意味着调用者可以通过这个引用来修改向量中的元素。

问题三:

可以,但不应该改,因为从性能来看,返回引用避免了不必要的对象复制,若改,则每次都可能涉及不必要的内存分配和元素复制。

任务四:

代码:

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 类Matrix的声明
class Matrix {
public:
    Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数,构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
    Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数,构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
    Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数, 使用已有的矩阵X构造
    ~Matrix();

    void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
    void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
    
    const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
    double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
    
    int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
    int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数

    void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值

private:
    int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
    int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
    double *ptr;
};

Matrix::Matrix(int n,int m):lines(n),cols(m)
{
    int value=0;
    ptr=new double[n*m];
    for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
    {
        ptr[i]=value;
    }
}
Matrix::Matrix(int n):lines(n),cols(n)
{
    int value=0;
    ptr=new double[n*n];
    for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
    {
        ptr[i]=value;
    }
}
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x):lines(x.lines),cols(x.cols){
    ptr=new double[x.lines*x.cols];
    for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
    {
        ptr[i]=x.ptr[i];
    }
}
Matrix::~Matrix()
{
    delete[] ptr;
}
void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue)
{
    for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
    {
        ptr[i]=pvalue[i];
    }
}
void Matrix::clear()
{
    for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
    {
        ptr[i]=0.0;
    }
}
const double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const
{
    return ptr[i*cols+j];
}
double& Matrix::at(int i, int j)
{
    return ptr[i*cols+j];
}
int Matrix::get_lines() const
{
    return lines;
} 
int Matrix::get_cols() const
{
    return cols;
}

void Matrix::display() const
{
    for(int i=0;i<lines;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
        {
            cout<<at(i,j)<<" ";
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
}    
#include "matrix.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;


const int N = 1000;

// 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());

    for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
        cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}


void test1() {
    double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};

    int n, m;
    cout << "Enter n and m: ";
    cin >> n >> m;

    Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
    m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值

    Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
    m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值

    Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
    m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值

    cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Matrix m1(2, 3);
    m1.clear();
    
    const Matrix m2(m1);
    m1.at(0, 0) = -999;

    cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
    cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
    cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: \n";
    test1();

    cout << "测试2: \n";
    test2();
}

运行截图:

 任务5:

代码:

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<chrono>
#include<thread>
using namespace std;
class User{
    private:
        string password={'1','2','3','4','5','6'};
        string email;
        string name;
    public:
        User(string name1);
        User(string name1,string password1,string email1);
        void set_email();
        void change_password();
        void display();
};
User::User(string name1):name(name1){}
User::User(string name1,string password1,string email1):name(name1),password(password1),email(email1){}
void User::set_email()
{
    cout<<"Enter email address: ";
    string s;
    while(true)
    {
        cin>>s;
        if(s.find('@')!=string::npos)
      {
        email=s;
        cout<<"email is set successfully..."<<endl;
        break;
      }
        else
      {
        cout<<"illegal email. Please re-enter email: ";
      }
    }
}
void User::change_password()
{
    string s0;
    int i=0;
    s0=password;
    cout<<"Enter old password: ";
    while(true)
    {
        string s1;
        cin>>s1;
        i++;
        if(s1==s0)
       {
        cout<<"Enter new password: ";
        string s2;
        cin>>s2;
        password=s2;
        cout<<"new password is set successfully..."<<endl;
        break;
       }
       else
       {
           if(i>2)
        {
            int waittime=10;
            cout<<"password input error. Please try after 10 seconds."<<endl;
            this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(waittime));
        }
        else
           cout<<"password input error. Please re-enter again: ";
       }
    }
}
void User::display()
{
    int length;
    length=password.size();
    string s4(length,'*');
    cout<<"name:   "<<name<<endl;
    cout<<"pass:   "<<s4<<endl;
    cout<<"email:  "<<email;
}
#include "user.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
using std::string;

void test() {
    vector<User> user_lst;

    User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
    user_lst.push_back(u1);
    cout << endl;

    User u2("Bob");
    u2.set_email();
    u2.change_password();
    user_lst.push_back(u2);
    cout << endl;

    User u3("Hellen");
    u3.set_email();
    u3.change_password();
    user_lst.push_back(u3);
    cout << endl;

    cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
    for(auto &i: user_lst) {
        i.display();
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

运行截图:

 任务六:

代码:

#pragma once  
class Date {  
private:  
    int year;  
    int month;  
    int day;  
    int totalDays;  
public:  
    Date(int year, int month, int day);  
    int getYear() const { return year; }  
    int getMonth() const { return month; }  
    int getDay() const { return day; }  
    int getMaxDay() const;  
    bool isLeapYear() const {  
        return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;  
    }  
    void show() const;  
    int distance(const Date& date) const {  
        return totalDays - date.totalDays;  
    }  
};  
#include "date.h"  
#include <iostream>  
#include <cstdlib>  
using namespace std;  
namespace {  
    const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };  
}  
  
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {  
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {  
        cout << "Invalid date: ";  
        show();  
        cout << endl;  
        exit(1);  
    }  
    int years = year - 1;  
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;  
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;  
}  
  
int Date::getMaxDay() const {  
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)  
        return 29;  
    else  
        return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];  
}  
  
void Date::show() const {  
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();  
}  
  
#pragma once  
#include "date.h"  
#include <string>  
using namespace std;  
  
class SavingsAccount {  
private:  
    string id;  
    double balance;  
    double rate;  
    Date lastDate;  
    double accumulation;  
    static double total;  
    void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);  
    void error(const string& msg) const;  
    double accumulate(const Date& date) const {  
        return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);  
    }  
public:  
    SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);  
    const string& getId() const { return id; }  
    double getBalance() const { return balance; }  
    double getRate() const { return rate; }  
    static double getTotal() { return total; }  
    void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);  
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);  
    void settle(const Date& date);  
    void show() const;  
};  
#include "account.h"  
#include <cmath>  
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
  
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;  
  
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :  
    id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {  
    date.show();  
    cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;  
}  
  
void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {  
    accumulation = accumulate(date);  
    lastDate = date;  
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;  
    balance += amount;  
    total += amount;  
    date.show();  
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;  
}  
  
void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const {  
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;  
}  
  
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {  
    record(date, amount, desc);  
}  
  
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {  
    if (amount > getBalance())  
        error("not enough money");  
    else  
        record(date, -amount, desc);  
}  
  
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {  
    double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));  
    if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");  
    accumulation = 0;  
}  
  
void SavingsAccount::show() const {  
    cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;  
}  
#include "account.h"  
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
  
int main() {  
    Date date{ 2008, 11, 1 };  
    SavingsAccount accounts[] = {  
        SavingsAccount(date, "03755217", 0.015),  
        SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)  
    };  
    const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount);  
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");  
    accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");  
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");  
    accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");  
    cout << endl;  
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  
        accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));  
        accounts[i].show();  
        cout << endl;  
    }  
    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;  
    return 0;  
}

 

 

运行截图:

 

posted @ 2024-11-04 20:42  忘忧熊  阅读(9)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报