memcached的使用

1. 下载memcached客户端文件

把下载文件放在文件目录下

2. 安装 memcached

命令： c:/memcached/memcached.exe -d install

3. 启动 memcached

c:/memcached/memcached.exe -d start

4. 连接到 memcached

telnet localhost 11211

5:客户端使用的基本命令

启动/结束
memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 127.0.0.1 -p 11200 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid
-d 选项是启动一个守护进程
-m 是分配给Memcache使用的内存数量，单位是MB，这里是10MB
-u 是运行Memcache的用户，这里是root
-l 是监听的服务器IP地址，如果有多个地址的话，这里指定了服务器的IP地址127.0.0.1
-p 是设置Memcache监听的端口，这里设置了12000，最好是1024以上的端口
-c 选项是最大运行的并发连接数，默认是1024，这里设置了256，按照你服务器的负载量来设定
-P 是设置保存Memcache的pid文件
kill `cat /tmp/memcached.pid` 关闭memcached

6：在项目中使用（与Spring集成）

获取Memcached API 地址：

创建接口MemcachedClient

 1  import java.util.Collection;
  2 import java.util.Map;
  3 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
  4 
  5 /**
  6  * 提供通用的memcached访问接口
  7  */
  8 public interface MemcachedClient {
  9     /**
 10      * 不管数据存在不存在都会将目前设置的数据存储的memcached
 11      * 
 12      * @param key
 13      *            不要超过250字节
 14      * @param exp
 15      *            以秒为单位，如果超过30天的值，将会用unix timestamp来制定截止有效时间
 16      * @param value
 17      * @return
 18      * @throws TimeoutException
 19      * @throws InterruptedException
 20      * @throws MemcachedClientException
 21      */
 22     boolean set(String key, int exp, Object value) throws TimeoutException,
 23             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
 24 
 25     /**
 26      * 不管数据存在不存在都会将目前设置的数据存储的memcached,自行制定超时时间
 27      * 
 28      * @see #set(String, int, Object)
 29      * @param key
 30      * @param exp
 31      * @param value
 32      * @param timeout
 33      * @return
 34      * @throws TimeoutException
 35      * @throws InterruptedException
 36      * @throws MemcachedClientException
 37      */
 38     boolean set(String key, int exp, Object value, long timeout)
 39             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
 40             MemcachedClientException;
 41 
 42     /**
 43      * 不管数据存在不存在都会将目前设置的数据存储的memcached，但不等待返回确认
 44      * 
 45      * @see #set(String, int, Object)
 46      * @param key
 47      * @param exp
 48      * @param value
 49      * @throws InterruptedException
 50      * @throws MemcachedClientException
 51      */
 52     void setWithNoReply(String key, int exp, Object value)
 53             throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
 54 
 55     /**
 56      * 只有数据不存在时进行添加
 57      * 
 58      * @param key
 59      *            不要超过250字节
 60      * @param exp
 61      *            以秒为单位，如果超过30天的值，将会用unix timestamp来制定截止有效时间
 62      * @param value
 63      * @return
 64      * @throws TimeoutException
 65      * @throws InterruptedException
 66      * @throws MemcachedClientException
 67      */
 68     boolean add(String key, int exp, Object value) throws TimeoutException,
 69             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
 70 
 71     /**
 72      * 只有数据不存在时进行添加
 73      * 
 74      * @param key
 75      * @param exp
 76      *            以秒为单位，如果超过30天的值，将会用unix timestamp来制定截止有效时间
 77      * @param value
 78      * @param timeout
 79      *            1/1000秒为单位，在制定的时间段内没有响应就抛出TimeoutException
 80      * @return
 81      * @throws TimeoutException
 82      * @throws InterruptedException
 83      * @throws MemcachedClientException
 84      */
 85     boolean add(String key, int exp, Object value, long timeout)
 86             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
 87             MemcachedClientException;
 88 
 89     /**
 90      * 只有数据不存在时进行添加，不需要返回具体的确认信息，大多数情况下可以用此方法来提升效率，毕竟我们对Memcached的理解是假设数据不是持久的
 91      * 
 92      * @param key
 93      * @param exp
 94      * @param value
 95      * @throws InterruptedException
 96      * @throws MemcachedClientException
 97      */
 98     void addWithNoReply(String key, int exp, Object value)
 99             throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
100 
101     /**
102      * 只有数据存在才进行覆盖
103      * 
104      * @param key
105      * @param exp
106      * @param value
107      * @return
108      * @throws TimeoutException
109      * @throws InterruptedException
110      * @throws MemcachedClientException
111      */
112     boolean replace(String key, int exp, Object value) throws TimeoutException,
113             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
114 
115     /**
116      * 只有数据存在才进行覆盖
117      * 
118      * @param key
119      * @param exp
120      * @param value
121      * @param timeout
122      * @return
123      * @throws TimeoutException
124      * @throws InterruptedException
125      * @throws MemcachedClientException
126      */
127     boolean replace(String key, int exp, Object value, long timeout)
128             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
129             MemcachedClientException;
130 
131     /**
132      * 只有数据存在才进行覆盖，不等返回确认
133      * 
134      * @param key
135      * @param exp
136      * @param value
137      * @throws InterruptedException
138      * @throws MemcachedClientException
139      */
140     void replaceWithNoReply(String key, int exp, Object value)
141             throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
142 
143     /**
144      * 追加到当前数据的后面
145      * 
146      * @param key
147      * @param value
148      * @return
149      * @throws TimeoutException
150      * @throws InterruptedException
151      * @throws MemcachedClientException
152      */
153     boolean append(String key, Object value) throws TimeoutException,
154             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
155 
156     /**
157      * 追加到当前数据的后面
158      * 
159      * @param key
160      * @param value
161      * @param timeout
162      * @return
163      * @throws TimeoutException
164      * @throws InterruptedException
165      * @throws MemcachedClientException
166      */
167     boolean append(String key, Object value, long timeout)
168             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
169             MemcachedClientException;
170 
171     /**
172      * 追加到当前数据的后面,不等待响应
173      * 
174      * @param key
175      * @param value
176      * @throws InterruptedException
177      * @throws MemcachedClientException
178      */
179     void appendWithNoReply(String key, Object value)
180             throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
181 
182     /**
183      * 追加到当前数据的前面
184      * 
185      * @param key
186      * @param value
187      * @return
188      * @throws TimeoutException
189      * @throws InterruptedException
190      * @throws MemcachedClientException
191      */
192     boolean prepend(String key, Object value) throws TimeoutException,
193             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
194 
195     /**
196      * 追加到当前数据的前面
197      * 
198      * @param key
199      * @param value
200      * @param timeout
201      * @return
202      * @throws TimeoutException
203      * @throws InterruptedException
204      * @throws MemcachedClientException
205      */
206     boolean prepend(String key, Object value, long timeout)
207             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
208             MemcachedClientException;
209 
210     /**
211      * 追加到当前数据的前面,不等待返回
212      * 
213      * @param key
214      * @param value
215      * @throws InterruptedException
216      * @throws MemcachedClientException
217      */
218     void prependWithNoReply(String key, Object value)
219             throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
220 
221     long incr(String key, long delta, long initValue) throws TimeoutException,
222             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
223 
224     long incr(String key, long delta, long initValue, long timeout)
225             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
226             MemcachedClientException;
227 
228     void incrWithNoReply(String key, long delta) throws InterruptedException,
229             MemcachedClientException;
230 
231     long decr(String key, long delta, long initValue) throws TimeoutException,
232             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
233 
234     long decr(String key, long delta, long initValue, long timeout)
235             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
236             MemcachedClientException;
237 
238     void decrWithNoReply(String key, long delta) throws InterruptedException,
239             MemcachedClientException;
240 
241     boolean delete(String key) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
242             MemcachedClientException;
243 
244     boolean delete(String key, long opTimeout) throws TimeoutException,
245             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
246 
247     boolean delete(String key, long cas, long opTimeout)
248             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
249             MemcachedClientException;
250 
251     void deleteWithNoReply(String key) throws InterruptedException,
252             MemcachedClientException;
253 
254     <T> T get(String key) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
255             MemcachedClientException;
256 
257     <T> T get(String key, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
258             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
259 
260     <T> Map<String, T> get(Collection<String> keyCollections)
261             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
262             MemcachedClientException;
263 
264     <T> Map<String, T> get(Collection<String> keyCollections, long timeout)
265             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
266             MemcachedClientException;
267 
268     <T> GetsResponse<T> gets(String key) throws TimeoutException,
269             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
270 
271     <T> GetsResponse<T> gets(String key, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
272             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException;
273 
274     <T> Map<String, GetsResponse<T>> gets(Collection<String> keyCollections)
275             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
276             MemcachedClientException;
277 
278     <T> Map<String, GetsResponse<T>> gets(Collection<String> keyCollections,
279             long timeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
280             MemcachedClientException;
281     
282     
283     
284     boolean isEnabled();
285 }

创建接口实现类MemcachedClientWrapper

  1 package cn.edu.jszg.cache;
  2 
  3 import java.util.Collection;
  4 import java.util.HashMap;
  5 import java.util.Map;
  6 import java.util.Set;
  7 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
  8 
  9 import net.rubyeye.xmemcached.exception.MemcachedException;
 10 
 11 public class MemcachedClientWrapper implements MemcachedClient {
 12     private net.rubyeye.xmemcached.MemcachedClient client;
 13     private boolean enabled = false;
 14 
 15     public MemcachedClientWrapper() {
 16         super();
 17     }
 18 
 19     public void setMemcachedClient(net.rubyeye.xmemcached.MemcachedClient client) {
 20         this.client = client;
 21     }
 22 
 23     public net.rubyeye.xmemcached.MemcachedClient getXMemcachedClient() {
 24         return client;
 25     }
 26 
 27     @Override
 28     public boolean set(String key, int exp, Object value) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
 29             MemcachedClientException {
 30         try {
 31             return client.set(key, exp, value);
 32         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 33             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 34         }
 35     }
 36 
 37     @Override
 38     public boolean set(String key, int exp, Object value, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
 39             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
 40         try {
 41             return client.set(key, exp, value, timeout);
 42         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 43             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 44         }
 45     }
 46 
 47     @Override
 48     public void setWithNoReply(String key, int exp, Object value) throws InterruptedException,
 49             MemcachedClientException {
 50         try {
 51             client.setWithNoReply(key, exp, value);
 52         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 53             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 54         }
 55     }
 56 
 57     @Override
 58     public boolean add(String key, int exp, Object value) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
 59             MemcachedClientException {
 60         try {
 61             return client.add(key, exp, value);
 62         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 63             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 64         }
 65     }
 66 
 67     @Override
 68     public boolean add(String key, int exp, Object value, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
 69             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
 70         try {
 71             return client.add(key, exp, value, timeout);
 72         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 73             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 74         }
 75     }
 76 
 77     @Override
 78     public void addWithNoReply(String key, int exp, Object value) throws InterruptedException,
 79             MemcachedClientException {
 80         try {
 81             client.addWithNoReply(key, exp, value);
 82         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 83             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 84         }
 85     }
 86 
 87     @Override
 88     public boolean replace(String key, int exp, Object value) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
 89             MemcachedClientException {
 90         try {
 91             return client.replace(key, exp, value);
 92         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
 93             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
 94         }
 95     }
 96 
 97     @Override
 98     public boolean replace(String key, int exp, Object value, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
 99             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
100         try {
101             return client.replace(key, exp, value, timeout);
102         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
103             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
104         }
105     }
106 
107     @Override
108     public void replaceWithNoReply(String key, int exp, Object value) throws InterruptedException,
109             MemcachedClientException {
110         try {
111             client.replaceWithNoReply(key, exp, value);
112         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
113             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
114         }
115     }
116 
117     @Override
118     public boolean append(String key, Object value) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
119             MemcachedClientException {
120         try {
121             return client.append(key, value);
122         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
123             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
124         }
125     }
126 
127     @Override
128     public boolean append(String key, Object value, long timeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
129             MemcachedClientException {
130         try {
131             return client.append(key, value, timeout);
132         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
133             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
134         }
135     }
136 
137     @Override
138     public void appendWithNoReply(String key, Object value) throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
139         try {
140             client.appendWithNoReply(key, value);
141         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
142             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
143         }
144     }
145 
146     @Override
147     public boolean prepend(String key, Object value) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
148             MemcachedClientException {
149         try {
150             return client.prepend(key, value);
151         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
152             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
153         }
154     }
155 
156     @Override
157     public boolean prepend(String key, Object value, long timeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
158             MemcachedClientException {
159         try {
160             return client.prepend(key, value, timeout);
161         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
162             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
163         }
164     }
165 
166     @Override
167     public void prependWithNoReply(String key, Object value) throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
168         try {
169             client.prependWithNoReply(key, value);
170         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
171             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
172         }
173     }
174 
175     @Override
176     public long incr(String key, long delta, long initValue) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
177             MemcachedClientException {
178         try {
179             return client.incr(key, delta, initValue);
180         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
181             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
182         }
183     }
184 
185     @Override
186     public long incr(String key, long delta, long initValue, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
187             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
188         try {
189             return client.incr(key, delta, initValue, timeout);
190         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
191             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
192         }
193     }
194 
195     @Override
196     public void incrWithNoReply(String key, long delta) throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
197         try {
198             client.incrWithNoReply(key, delta);
199         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
200             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
201         }
202     }
203 
204     @Override
205     public long decr(String key, long delta, long initValue) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
206             MemcachedClientException {
207         try {
208             return client.decr(key, delta, initValue);
209         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
210             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
211         }
212     }
213 
214     @Override
215     public long decr(String key, long delta, long initValue, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
216             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
217         try {
218             return client.decr(key, delta, initValue, timeout);
219         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
220             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
221         }
222     }
223 
224     @Override
225     public void decrWithNoReply(String key, long delta) throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
226         try {
227             client.decrWithNoReply(key, delta);
228         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
229             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
230         }
231     }
232 
233     @Override
234     public boolean delete(String key) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
235         try {
236             return client.delete(key);
237         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
238             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
239         }
240     }
241 
242     @Override
243     public boolean delete(String key, long opTimeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
244             MemcachedClientException {
245         try {
246             return client.delete(key, opTimeout);
247         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
248             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
249         }
250     }
251 
252     @Override
253     public boolean delete(String key, long cas, long opTimeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
254             MemcachedClientException {
255         try {
256             return client.delete(key, cas, opTimeout);
257         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
258             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
259         }
260     }
261 
262     @Override
263     public void deleteWithNoReply(String key) throws InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
264         try {
265             client.deleteWithNoReply(key);
266         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
267             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
268         }
269     }
270 
271     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
272     @Override
273     public <T> T get(String key) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
274         try {
275             return (T)client.get(key);
276         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
277             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
278         }
279     }
280 
281     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
282     @Override
283     public <T> T get(String key, long timeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
284             MemcachedClientException {
285         try {
286             return (T)client.get(key, timeout);
287         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
288             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
289         }
290     }
291 
292     @Override
293     public <T> Map<String, T> get(Collection<String> keyCollections) throws TimeoutException,
294             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
295         try {
296             return client.get(keyCollections);
297         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
298             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
299         }
300     }
301 
302     @Override
303     public <T> Map<String, T> get(Collection<String> keyCollections, long timeout) throws TimeoutException,
304             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
305         try {
306             return client.get(keyCollections, timeout);
307         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
308             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
309         }
310     }
311 
312     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
313     @Override
314     public <T> GetsResponse<T> gets(String key) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
315             MemcachedClientException {
316         try {
317             return new GetsResponse<T>((net.rubyeye.xmemcached.GetsResponse<T>) client.gets(key));
318         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
319             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
320         }
321     }
322 
323     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
324     @Override
325     public <T> GetsResponse<T> gets(String key, long timeout) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
326             MemcachedClientException {
327         try {
328             return new GetsResponse<T>((net.rubyeye.xmemcached.GetsResponse<T>) client.gets(key, timeout));
329         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
330             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
331         }
332     }
333 
334     @Override
335     public <T> Map<String, GetsResponse<T>> gets(Collection<String> keyCollections) throws TimeoutException,
336             InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
337         try {
338             Map<String, GetsResponse<T>> results = new HashMap<String, GetsResponse<T>>();
339             Map<String, net.rubyeye.xmemcached.GetsResponse<T>> tmps = client.gets(keyCollections);
340             if (tmps != null) {
341                 Set<String> keys = tmps.keySet();
342                 for (String key : keys) {
343                     results.put(key, new GetsResponse<T>((net.rubyeye.xmemcached.GetsResponse<T>) tmps.get(key)));
344                 }
345             }
346             return results;
347         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
348             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
349         }
350     }
351 
352     @Override
353     public <T> Map<String, GetsResponse<T>> gets(Collection<String> keyCollections, long timeout)
354             throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException, MemcachedClientException {
355         try {
356             Map<String, GetsResponse<T>> results = new HashMap<String, GetsResponse<T>>();
357             Map<String, net.rubyeye.xmemcached.GetsResponse<T>> tmps = client.gets(keyCollections, timeout);
358             if (tmps != null) {
359                 Set<String> keys = tmps.keySet();
360                 for (String key : keys) {
361                     results.put(key, new GetsResponse<T>((net.rubyeye.xmemcached.GetsResponse<T>) tmps.get(key)));
362                 }
363             }
364             return results;
365         } catch (MemcachedException e) {
366             throw new MemcachedClientException(e);
367         }
368     }
369 
370     @Override
371     public boolean isEnabled() {
372         return enabled;
373     }
374 
375     public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
376         this.enabled = enabled;
377     }
378 
379 }

经验总结：

缓存数据的一致性问题
缓存数据尽量只读，因此缓存本身是不适合大量写和更新操作的数据场景的。对于读的情况下，如果存在数据变化，一种是同时更新缓存和数据库。一种是直接对缓存数据进行失效处理。敲命令行的时候换行的时候要跟空格.

另附：memcached的常用命令

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/jeffwongishandsome/archive/2011/11/06/2238265.html

posted @ 2014-08-14 10:18 zxlxxq123 阅读(1475) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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memcached的使用

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