考研英语二

小作文（10分）

考试准备

审清题目，了解是什么文体

• 书信(letter/email) 私人信函/公务信函
• 通知(notice)

思考信的称呼怎么写

• 公务信函
• Dear Sir or Madam , (逗号一定要加)
• To Whom It May Concern,(这个很严肃)
• 私人信函
• Dear Tom/Mary, (如果没有名字，自己创造出一个名字)
• Dear Mr./Ms./Professor Smith

作文结构分成三段

第一段：开头

Dear ___,

1. (自我介绍)

• 万能：I am _____ who___.
• 官方：On behalf of____. 表示仅代表sth

2. (写信来意)

• 目的： I am writing this letter for the purpose of_____.
• 万能： I am writing to take this opportunity to extend/express my heartfelt welcome/appreciation/congratulations/apology to sb

第二段：正文

根据具体信件分析

第三段：(5选2)

1. 表示感谢。Thank you very much for your time and consideration.
2. 表示道歉。I apologize for any inconvenience caused.
3. 表示祝愿。I really hope that you can enjoy your work and life.
4. 表示期盼回复。I am looking forward to your reply.
5. 表示联系。Should you have ang further questions,please let me know./If you have any questions,please do not hesitate to contact me at any time

• Sincerely yours,
• Li Ming 落款左右都可以，记得对齐
• formal （正式）；Yours Sincerely .一个比较bai informal（非正式)；Sincerely yours
• 句子重复不要怕，小作文强调专业性，就是要重复，要求句子简单明了

考试内容

考试包括10种信体，分别是建议，投诉，感谢，道歉，邀请，通知，接受/拒接，推荐，求职/辞职，请求。

考试会要求多种信体结合，不会单考一种信体，请好好准备！

具体问题具体分析，严格按照考试的要求来写，不要死套模板

建议

建议信是考试重点，考的次数多

第一篇比较正式，给上级

 Dear ______ ,
    I am _____.I am writing this letter for purpose of offering you some suggestion on _____.
    To begin with ,will you please_____.Morerover,_____.If you are so kind as to ______,I/we will be greatly honored .
    I really hope that ________.Thank you very much for your time and consideration.(祝愿+感谢)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

但考试一般会感谢+建议/祝贺+建议/欢迎+建议

第二篇偏向于同学，朋友

 Dear ______,
    On behalf of____.I am writing to take this opportunity to extend/express my heartfelt welcome/appreciation/congratulations to ______. 
    It is my great pleasure to make several practical suggestions to you .To begin with,_____.Furthermore,_____.
    I really hope you will ________.Should you have ang further questions,please let me know.(祝愿+联系)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

留学生建议

• You should attend the class every day and do your after-school task accordingly.
• In spite of all these challenges,you can still enjoy your life here.Various activities like social gatherings and dance provide ample opportunities to make friends.

投诉

考的少，就2012年考了一次

 Dear ______,
    I am _____. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afriad that I have to make a complaint about _____.
    The reason for my dissatisfaction is_____.In the first place,____.In addition,______.I appreciate it very much if you could _________(提出建议和要求),and I have  this matter settled by _____截止时间
    Thank you very much for your time and consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.(感谢+回复)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

• the battery can only last for three hours
• there are number of spelling mistakes in the dictionary
• you could change a new one for me /refund the money for me

感谢

考的少，但可以学习一下，是一种元素
，舔就完事了， = v =

 Dear ______,
     I am writing to take this great opportunity to extend/express my heartfelt appreciation to you for the  generous  help you offered me.
     You have  always been so kind to me._______.If it had not been for your assistance,my life would have been very difficult.
     Once again, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to you.I really hope you can enjoy your work and life there.(感谢+祝愿)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

道歉

也是元素之一

 Dear ______,
     I am writing to make a apology to you for+原因.+稍微解释下，带来的不便
     提出解决方法.If there are some any other solutions you like,please let me know.
     I am sorry again for any inconvenience caused.I am looking forward to your reply.(道歉+回复)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

不能赴约的原因

• I have been suffering from a disease since the summer.I am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant travel in the near future.
• for 后面加句子表示原因

邀请

十分重要，最后一段有点不同

Dear Professor Smith,
     On behalf of____.I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting  you as sth to attend forthcoming____to be held in 地点 on 时间.We will be honored to have you there with us.
     The conference/competition will start in the early morning and is generally threefold.Firstly,there is going to be an opening ceremony where the chairman (of sth) will deliver a welcome speech.Secondly,会议比赛内容。Last but no least,there is going to be a closing ceremony and you will be invited to give a small  talk concerning sth.
     I really hope that you could accpet our invitation.Please let me know if you come and when you will be able to make it before+时间.we are looking forward to your reply.(祝愿+回复)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

样例

• I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting you as a judge to attend the forthcoming English Speech Contese to be held in our university Lecture Hall on May 4,2020
• 开幕式 an opening ceremony
• 闭幕式 a closing ceremony
• 颁奖式 a award ceremony

通知

                                                 Notice(居中)   
                                                                                                     May 4,2020(右对齐) 
     On behalf of____.I am writing this notice for the purpose of  doing for sth to be  held in 地点 on 时间.
     The potential candidates should meet the following requirements/qualification.Firstly,___.Secondly,___.Last but not least ,___.
     Thank you very much for your time and consideration.If you are interested,please do not hesitate contact  me at the email provided below: volunteers@163.com before May 4,2020.(感谢+联系)
                                                                                     Postgraduates' Association (署名)

素材

• To begin with,they should have Chinese nationality,cheerful personality , presentable appearance and be aged under 25./a strong sense of responsibility.
• Furthermore,they should be skilled in spoken English and pass the CET-6 with high grades.
• Last but not least , those with relevant experience are preferred

接受/拒接信

接受就是感谢，拒接就是道歉（基本上）

接受

 Dear ______,
     Thank you for your invitation.It will be my great pleasure to accept this invitation to the forthcoming____ about___.
     The conference/competition is mainly threefold.To begin with,__.Furthermore,__. Last but not least,___.
     I really hope ___(考试内容).I really appreciate this opportunity you give me and I am looking forward to meeting you then.(感谢+祝愿)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

素材

• I would like to introduce traditional Chinese festivals,such as the Spring Festival,the Lantern Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival.
• The Chinese cuisine will be discussed and students will get to know major difference between _____ and ____.
• I am going to talk about__.

拒接

 Dear ______,
     Thank you very much for your letter inviting me to attend forthcoming____about__.
     Much to my regret,I shall not be able to honor the invitation because I have been suffering  from a disease  since the summer.I am firmly advised that it would be  unwise to undertake any distant travel in the near future.
     I feel very sad to miss this opportunity of meeting you and many others in the conference.I wish the conference a  complete success(道歉+祝愿)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

• wish sth sth(宾语补主语)
• On behalf of the Students' Union.

推荐信

 Dear ______ ,
    I am _____.I am writing this letter for the purpose of  recommending you sth,___.(同谓语)
    The reason for my recommend is that sth is ___.To begin with,___.Furthermore,___.
    I really hope that ________as much as I do.If you have any questions,please do not hesitate contact  me at any time(祝愿+联系)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

朋友之间可以用用

• How are you doing?
• How is everything doing?
• recommend sb sth
• recommend sth to sb

书和电影都可以用

• This movie is box office hit //票房冠军
• The character are charming and their performance is outstanding
• The plot(情节) is cliff-hanging,capturing my attention all along.
• The story is interesting/ moving /enlightening/educational and enjoyable
• It is my great pleasure to recommend you sth.

求职/辞职信

辞职就是道歉,比较正式

 Dear ______,
     I am _____.I am writing this letter for the purpose of resigning from  my current position. I am grateful to be employed as a sth two months ago.It is my great honor to work for you. (具体问题具体分析)
     The reasons for my withdrawal are as follows.To begin with,__.Furthermore,___.
     I am sorry again for any inconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.(道歉+期望)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

求职信

 Dear Sir or Madam,
     I am _____.I am writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position as a(n)___that you have advertised in a certain website.
     Not only do I have the qualifications for this job,but also have the right personality.On the one hand,______.On the oher hand,______.
     Thank you very much for your time and consideration.Should you grant me a personal interview,I would be most grateful. If you are  satisfied with me,please do not hesitate contact  me at any time.(感谢+联系)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

• resign from my current position //辞职
• I am an undergraduate student from a local university
• This position requires candidiate who major in/be skilled in environment science ,which falls in with my previous training and strength.
• I have cheerful and optimistic character and I can work under stress.

请求信

 Dear ______,
     I am _____.I am writing this letter for the purpose of___.(请求内容)
     The requirements are as follows.(请求内容)
     Thank you very much for your time and consideration.I am looking forward to your reply.(感谢+回复)
                                                                                                     Sincerely yours,
                                                                                                             Li Ming 

• The child should be a girl and aged under 8 years old.Her family has failed to support her schooling due to poor financial condition.
• I plan to offer 800RMB for her monthly life expense and pay all her tuition fee until she reaches the age of 18.
• I would like tranfer my donation to a bank account opened by her family in her local area.

介词使用

具体某一天

• on July 1 2020(月日年)
• in 2020/Jujy
• in the morning/afternoon
• at night
• on the morning of July 1,2020
• this year/this month/next week
• in cities/at school/on campus/
• two months ago
• for three years

大作文（15分）

图表作文，有如下两种形式

1. 偏向线图（line chart）,柱图（bar/column chart）,重点是数据上升下降，平稳波动
2. 偏向饼图（pie chart）,表格（table）重点是数据比例

一般介绍数据和现象，需要严谨，不需要花里胡哨换词和用从句

词汇表1

• 数字: number/statistics
• 比例: proportion/percentage 偏向百分比
• 比例: rate/ratio
• 某个/些/种: certain
• 从..到..: from...to.. /bewteen.. and ..
• 上升: go up, increase,climb,be on the rise
• 下降: go down,decrease,drop,be on the decline
• 快速: sharply/notably/noticeably
• 缓慢: gently/slightly/subtly
• 约: about/around/nearly
• 然而: However/Nonetheless
• 对比: On the contrary
• 同时: At the same time/In the meantime
• 同一时段: in the same period
• 平稳发散: sth remain unchanged (for a long time)
• 平稳波动: sth fluctuate between 1% and 2%

线图,柱图第一段

第一句话得介绍这个图关于什么

• The bar/line chart provides some interesting data regarding_____.(名词)
• eg: the market share of certain car brands in the Chinese car market between 2008 to 2009.

第二句讲数据上升还是下降,基本上都是过去时

• Specifically,The proportion of Chinese cars increased sharply from 25% in 2008 to nearly 32% in 2009.
• On the contrary,That of Japanese cars suffered from a notable decline between 2008 to 2009 in the same period.
• 经历: undergo/experience/suffer from/enjoy
• In the meantime,the ratio of American brands remained unchanged ,reaching around 13% of the total car market.

词汇表2

• 占据：account for/constitute (首选)
• 占据：make up /take up(次选)
• 分别：respectively
• 打算：aim to /intend to
• 分类：category/(pl) categories

饼图,表格第一段

第一句话得介绍这个图/表关于什么

• The pie chart/ table provides some interesting data regarding_____.(名词)
• eg: The travel purposes of students in a certain university

第二句你得把占据比例说清楚（挑重点写）

• eg: Specifically,the students who aim to enjoy the scenery and release the pressure account for 37% and 33%respectively,the highest two proportions among the five categories.
• Only 9% of the students intend to develop indenpendence and 6% to make friends.
• In addition,The percentage (of students traveling for other reasons) reaches as much as 15%.

占比重复了这么处理

• 20%
• another 20%
• the remaining 20%(remaining 的意思就是把其他的都描述了，剩下)

第一段例子1

• The pie chart provides some interesting data regarding the proportion of citizen's spending during the Spring Festival in a certain Chinese city. Specifically,the money spent on New Year gifts accounts for 40%,the highest percentage among the four categories.Nearly 20% of the money is spent on meals and parties and another 20% on transport.The citizen use the remaining 20% of the money for other purposes.

第一段例子2

• The table provides some interesting data regarding the work satisfaction level of empolyeers in different age in a certain company.To be Specific,for those aged from 41 to 50,nearly 64% are dissatisfied with their work while nobody shows satisfaction to the job.On the contrary,for those aged above 50,40% are content with their work while only 10% discontented.

词汇表3

• 经济增长：economic growth
• 人口膨胀：population explosion
• 教育体制: educational system
• 家庭教育: family education
• 社会影响: social influence
• 环境因素: environment impact
• 科技创新：technological innovation
• 同龄压力：peer pressure
• 心态原因：world outlook

第二段

主要解释原因

主题框架：

版本一：
There are two fundamental factors contributing to this social phenomenon.To begin with ,this phenomenon could be ascribed to the原因一. (This can definitely lead to the phenomenon depicted in the chart.) Furthermore,it goes without saying that 原因二 (may give rise to this social trend.)

版本二：
There are two fundamental factors contributing to this social tendency.To begin with ,the primary factor lies in 原因一.Moreover, (原因二 may give rise to this social trend.)That is explain why sth.

经济增长

• Owing to the steady and rapid economic growth development of our country, people's living standards are improving at a fast rate.

社会压力

• In modern society where competition is intense, young people are under enormous strain from their work and family.

就业困难

• With the unemployment rate running high in most large cities, job security is becoming less and less guaranteed.

人生哲理

• Happiness does not lie in the mere possession of money,it lie in achievements, friends and family(the joy of achievements).

积极向上

• In modern society where opportunities abound,everybody have his or her own ambition, most of us are willing to strive towards our realization.

技术普及

• Invented less than one hundred years ago, mobile phones are used everywhere, greatly affecting every aspect of our daily life.
• Never in history was science and technology so emphasized as in modern society.

人口膨胀

• China has a vast population and enormous growth rate.However,fast increasing population has potentially negative results,such as intense competition.

教育好处

• It is common to say that higher education plays a key role in aiding students' growth and development, opening up a great number of job opportunities for people.Education is indeed a worthwhile investment.

爱国情绪

• enjoy our lives and have a love heart for our country.In the sth market, we tend to support national brands.
• Chinese sth are relatively low in price and high in quality.

第三段

框架：先说趋势。如果是好，发扬光大，如果是差，解决问题，如果是中性的，正负方面。最后再展望一下。

正

• With regard to this social phenomenon, I firmly believe it is inspiring and positive. More and more people can study online. As this trend is still in its infancy, I am sure that it will no doubt go further and lead to future prospects.

负

To my knowledge, the social phenomenon is unfavorable. It is high time that the government should take some measures to change it. For example, sth. I realize it needs to be slowed down since it has already posed a negative impact on our society.

中

措施类

• It is high time that sth should offer sth sth .

考场上灵活一些，摆列组合一下，主语都换一下，化抽象为具体

考试热点

主要是教育文化和社会热点

教育文化

词汇表

• 终身教育：lifelong learning
• 素质教育：quailty-oriented education
• 应试教育：exam-oriented education
• 理论知识：theoretical knowledge
• 实践技能：practical skills
• 学习成绩：acadamic performance/scores
• 就业指导：career guidance

例题

The line chart provides some interesting data regarding the proportion of students who know Beijing Opera in a certain Amercian university between 1950s to 2010s. The ratio of such students rose gently from about 3% during the 1950s to nearly 9% during the 1980s ,while the percentage jumped noticeably to around 80% during the 2010s.

There are two fundamental factors contributing to this social tendency.To with begin ,during the past four decades ,Internet use everywhere, greatly affecting every aspect in our daily life.As a result, an increasing number of Amercian students can learn Beijing Opera through the Internet. In addition,owing to the steady and rapid economic growth development of our countries ,people's living standard is imporving at a fast rate.Therefore,more and more Chinese students have studied abroad and brought Chinese culture to other countries,such as Beijing Opera .

With regard to this social tendency ,I firmly believe it is inspairing and positive.It is high time that government should promote our national culture .As this trend is still in its infancy,I am sure that it will no doubt go further and lead to future prospect.

社会热点

翻译（15分）

目标

1. 翻译出来
2. 像人话

要点

• 必须所有的都翻译成中文，包括人名，打引号的单词
• 书和其他各种作评翻译的时候： <<名字>>

A of B

• A of B
• A表示数量顺着翻译 比如：a number of students 一些学生
• A不表示数量倒着翻译 比如：the number of students 学生的人数
• A of B of C of D 同样按照上述方法使用
• 一般来说长句都是从后往前翻译 比如：D的C的B的A

定语从句

• A that/which B
• 比较短，放在前面，B 的 A
• 比较长，放在后面，A，B
• eg：Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity of learning that is biologically determined.
• 前置：“天性”理论支持者坚持认为，我们天生就有某种由生物因素决定的学习能力。
• 后置：前置：“天性”理论支持者坚持认为，我们天生就有某种的学习能力，这种能力由生物因素决定。
• 定语从句多，采用前后置并行的方法

一些词意思

• these day: 最近/近来
• dot-com: 互联网
• IT: 信息技术
• say: 除了说以外，还有比如的意思
• to be human: 是一个普通人
• come to: 逐渐，渐渐,慢慢
• contact: 有
• average: 也有普通的意思
• tens of thousands: 成千上万
• area: 地区，领域
• I said it: 我当时这么说

新题型（10分）

考试内容：1.小标题选项 2.多项对应

小标题选项

• 就是46级段落匹配（你懂的）

多项对应

• 段落内的阅读理解

完型（10分）

我不做也有3分，也挺好的,看见高频词，大概率选

• 高频词：Against/While/Because/since/available/likewise/but/however/in fact

阅读（50分）

• 说白了就是考词汇和长难句理解
• 中心主旨句时贯穿全文的，就是所有的段落它都能扯到，切不可以偏概全
• 问作者观点时，这些选项全错：Subjective/indifferent/Biased/uncertain
• 猜单词的意思的时候，意思是不用通的，只要看是正面和负面的，然后通过上下文单词相近的也可以（真的很神奇）
• 新题型就是送分的，10分一定要拿下