OPP__实验一
任务一、
1 // 现代C++标准库、算法库体验 2 // 本例用到以下内容: 3 // 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器 4 // 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素 5 // 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参 6 7 #include <iostream> 8 #include <string> 9 #include <vector> 10 #include <algorithm> 11 12 using namespace std; 13 14 // 声明 15 // 模板函数声明 16 template<typename T> 17 void output(const T &c); 18 19 // 普通函数声明 20 void test1(); 21 void test2(); 22 void test3(); 23 24 int main() { 25 cout << "测试1: \n"; 26 test1(); 27 28 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 29 test2(); 30 31 cout << "\n测试3: \n"; 32 test3(); 33 } 34 35 // 函数实现 36 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 37 template <typename T> 38 void output(const T &c) { 39 for(auto &i: c) 40 cout << i << " "; 41 cout << endl; 42 } 43 44 45 // 测试1 46 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串 47 void test1() { 48 string s0{"0123456789"}; 49 cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl; 50 51 string s1{s0}; 52 reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end()); // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素 53 cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl; 54 55 string s2{s0}; 56 reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序 57 cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl; 58 } 59 60 // 测试2 61 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据 62 void test2() { 63 vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9}; 64 cout << "v0: "; 65 output(v0); 66 67 vector<int> v1{v0}; 68 reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 69 cout << "v1: "; 70 output(v1); 71 72 vector<int> v2{v0}; 73 reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin()); 74 cout << "v2: "; 75 output(v2); 76 } 77 78 // 测试3 79 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位 80 void test3() { 81 vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; 82 cout << "v0: "; 83 output(v0); 84 85 vector<int> v1{v0}; 86 rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end()); // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始 87 cout << "v1: "; 88 output(v1); 89 90 vector<int> v2{v0}; 91 rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end()); 92 cout << "v2: "; 93 output(v2); 94 95 vector<int> v3{v0}; 96 rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end()); 97 cout << "v3: "; 98 output(v3); 99 100 vector<int> v4{v0}; 101 rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end()); 102 cout << "v4: "; 103 output(v4); 104 }
string s,也可以使用迭代器来进行反转
reverse_copy(目标开头,目标结尾,要复制的数据的开头地址),好用
rotota(目标开始,目标开头或结尾移动,目标结尾)(很奇怪的参数位置,我会把二三调换)
任务二、
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using namespace std; 9 10 // 函数声明 11 // 模板函数声明 12 template<typename T> 13 void output(const T &c); 14 15 // 普通函数声明 16 int rand_int_100(); 17 void test1(); 18 void test2(); 19 20 int main() { 21 cout << "测试1: \n"; 22 test1(); 23 24 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 25 test2(); 26 } 27 28 // 函数实现 29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 30 template <typename T> 31 void output(const T &c) { 32 for(auto &i: c) 33 cout << i << " "; 34 cout << endl; 35 } 36 37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数 38 int rand_int_100() { 39 return rand() % 101; 40 } 41 42 // 测试1 43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序 44 void test1() { 45 vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10 46 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项 47 cout << "v0: "; 48 output(v0); 49 50 vector<int> v1{v0}; 51 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序 52 cout << "v1: "; 53 output(v1); 54 55 vector<int> v2{v0}; 56 sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序 57 cout << "v2: "; 58 output(v2); 59 } 60 61 // 测试2 62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值 63 void test2() { 64 vector<int> v0(10); 65 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 66 cout << "v0: "; 67 output(v0); 68 69 auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 70 cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl; 71 72 auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 73 cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl; 74 75 auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 76 cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl; 77 cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl; 78 double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size(); 79 cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl; 80 81 cout << endl; 82 83 vector<int> v1{v0}; 84 cout << "v0: "; 85 output(v0); 86 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 87 double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2); 88 cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl; 89 }
generate(vector<T>begin,vector<T>end,函数返回一个你想要的范围内的数),产生随机数
auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end())得到最大最小值
sort(begin,end)排序
accumulate(begin,end,初始值)
任务三、
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 bool is_palindrome(std::string s); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 string s; 10 11 while(cin >> s) // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z后结束测试 12 cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl; 13 } 14 15 // 函数is_palindrom定义 16 // 待补足 17 // ××× 18 bool is_palindrome(std::string s) 19 { 20 std::string s1{s}; 21 reverse(s1.begin(),s1.end()); 22 return s==s1; 23 }
begin忘记他是个函数了
任务四
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 10 int x; 11 while(cin >> x) { 12 cout << "十进制: " << x << endl; 13 cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x,2) << endl; 14 cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl; 15 cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl; 16 } 17 } 18 19 // 函数dec2n定义 20 // 待补足 21 // ××× 22
std::string dec2n(int x, int n)
{
std::string str{"0123456789abcdef"};
int i=0;
std::string ans;
if(x==0)
{
return "0";
}
else
{
while(x>=n){
i=x%n;
ans+=str[i];
x/=n;}
ans+=str[x];
}
reverse(ans.begin(),ans.end());
return ans;
}
用str字符串与数字的一一映射;
任务五
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 #include <vector> 5 #include <iomanip> 6 using namespace std; 7 8 int main() 9 { 10 std::vector<char> str{'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'}; 11 std::vector<char> Str{'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'}; 12 13 std::cout<<" "; 14 for(auto t:str) 15 { 16 std::cout<<setw(4)<<t; 17 } 18 std::cout<<std::endl; 19 20 for(int i=1;i<=26;i++) 21 { 22 rotate(Str.begin(),Str.begin()+1,Str.end()); 23 std::cout<<setw(2)<<i; 24 for(auto t:Str) 25 { 26 std::cout<<setw(4)<<t; 27 } 28 std::cout<<std::endl; 29 30 } 31 }
任务六
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 #include <vector> 5 #include <iomanip> 6 using namespace std; 7 8 int Creat_rand_10() 9 { 10 return rand()%10+1; 11 } 12 int Creat_rand_4() 13 { 14 return rand()%4; 15 } 16 bool judge(int a,int b) 17 { 18 return a==b; 19 } 20 21 22 int main() 23 { 24 int ans=0; 25 int choice=0; 26 std::vector<int> contain_t(2); 27 int right_num=0; 28 int m=0; 29 int time=10; 30 while(time--){ 31 generate(contain_t.begin(),contain_t.end(),Creat_rand_10); 32 choice=Creat_rand_4(); 33 //加 34 if(choice==0) 35 { 36 ans=contain_t[0]+contain_t[1]; 37 cout<<contain_t[0]<<" + "<<contain_t[1]<<" ="; 38 cin>>m; 39 if(judge(m,ans))right_num++; 40 } 41 //减 42 else if(choice==1) 43 { 44 do{ 45 generate(contain_t.begin(),contain_t.end(),Creat_rand_10); 46 }while(contain_t[0]<contain_t[1]); 47 48 ans=contain_t[0]-contain_t[1]; 49 cout<<contain_t[0]<<" - "<<contain_t[1]<<" ="; 50 cin>>m; 51 if(judge(m,ans))right_num++; 52 53 } 54 //乘 55 else if(choice==1) 56 { 57 ans=contain_t[0]*contain_t[1]; 58 cout<<contain_t[0]<<" * "<<contain_t[1]<<" ="; 59 cin>>m; 60 61 if(judge(m,ans))right_num++; 62 } 63 //除 64 else{ 65 66 do{ 67 generate(contain_t.begin(),contain_t.end(),Creat_rand_10); 68 }while(contain_t[0]%contain_t[1]!=0); 69 70 ans=contain_t[0]/contain_t[1]; 71 cout<<contain_t[0]<<" / "<<contain_t[1]<<" ="; 72 cin>>m; 73 if(judge(m,ans))right_num++; 74 } 75 } 76 77 cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<1.0*right_num/10*100<<"%"; 78 }