Python生成随机验证码
Python生成随机验证码，需要使用PIL模块.
安装：
pip3 install pillow
基本使用
def check_code(request):
#Django imag标签src属性导入图片的原理
f=open('static/imgs/1.jpg','rb') #注意：static/imgs/1.jpg不能写成 /static/imgs/1.jpg
data=f.read()
f.close()
return HttpResponse(data)
写入本地并读取到内存中
def check_code(request):
#创建code.png写入到本地目录下
from PIL import Image
img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) #默认写入白板，随后在白板上写入字符串等
f=open('code.png','wb')
img.save(f,'png') #png为图片后缀
f.close()
#将本地图片code.png读取到内存并使网页图片能显示出来
f=open('code.png','rb')
data=f.read()
f.close()
return HttpResponse(data)
以上操作比较麻烦，需要写入本地又读取到内存中
优化：直接在内存中开辟空间，在内存中进行读写等操作
def check_code(request): from io import BytesIO #写入内存中 f=BytesIO() img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) img.save(f,'png') #从内存中读出来 data=f.getvalue() return HttpResponse(data)
1. 创建图片
from PIL import Image
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
# 在图片查看器中打开
# img.show()
# 保存在本地
with open('code.png','wb') as f:
img.save(f,format='png')
2. 创建画笔，用于在图片上画任意内容
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3. 画点
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示坐标 # 第二个参数：表示颜色 draw.point([100, 100], fill="red") draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))
4. 画线
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标和结束坐标 # 第二个参数：表示颜色 draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red') draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))
5. 画圆
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标和结束坐标（圆要画在其中间） # 第二个参数：表示开始角度 # 第三个参数：表示结束角度 # 第四个参数：表示颜色 draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")
6. 写文本
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') # 第一个参数：表示起始坐标 # 第二个参数：表示写入内容 # 第三个参数：表示颜色 draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")
7. 特殊字体文字
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数：表示字体文件路径
# 第二个参数：表示字体大小
font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# 第一个参数：表示起始坐标
# 第二个参数：表示写入内容
# 第三个参数：表示颜色
# 第四个参数：表示颜色
draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)
图片验证码
import random
def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
code = []
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
def rndChar():
"""
生成随机字母
:return:
"""
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
def rndColor():
"""
生成随机颜色
:return:
"""
return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 写文字
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
for i in range(char_length):
char = rndChar()
code.append(char)
h = random.randint(0, 4)
draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰点
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰圆圈
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
x = random.randint(0, width)
y = random.randint(0, height)
draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
# 画干扰线
for i in range(5):
x1 = random.randint(0, width)
y1 = random.randint(0, height)
x2 = random.randint(0, width)
y2 = random.randint(0, height)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
return img,''.join(code)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. 直接打开
# img,code = check_code()
# img.show()
# 2. 写入文件
# img,code = check_code()
# with open('code.png','wb') as f:
# img.save(f,format='png')
# 3. 写入内存(Python3)
# from io import BytesIO
# stream = BytesIO()
# img.save(stream, 'png')
# stream.getvalue()
# 4. 写入内存（Python2）
# import StringIO
# stream = StringIO.StringIO()
# img.save(stream, 'png')
# stream.getvalue()
总结：当作模板使用
方法一：
#登录页面 def login(request): if request.method=='POST': input_username=request.POST.get('user') input_pwd=request.POST.get('pwd') input_code=request.POST.get('code') session_code=request.session.get('code') print(input_code,session_code) if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=input_username,password=input_pwd).first(): if input_code.upper() == session_code.upper(): return render(request,'information.html') return render(request,'login.html') #生成随机验证码 from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont def check_code(request): # #Django imag标签src属性导入图片的原理 # f=open('static/imgs/1.jpg','rb') #注意：static/imgs/1.jpg不能写成 /static/imgs/1.jpg # data=f.read() # f.close() # return HttpResponse(data) #创建code.png写入到本地BBS目录下 # from PIL import Image # img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) #默认写入白板，随后在白板上写入字符串等 # f=open('code.png','wb') # img.save(f,'png') #png为图片后缀 # f.close() # #将本地图片code.png读取到内存并使网页图片能显示出来 # f=open('code.png','rb') # data=f.read() # f.close() # return HttpResponse(data) #以上操作比较麻烦，需要写入本地又读取到内存中 #以下操作为在内存中开辟空间，在内存中进行读写等操作 # from io import BytesIO # #写入内存中 # f=BytesIO() # img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) # img.save(f,'png') # #从内存中读出来 # data=f.getvalue() # return HttpResponse(data) # from io import BytesIO # from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont f=BytesIO() img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) draw=ImageDraw.Draw(img,mode='RGB') # draw.point([100, 25], fill="red") # draw.point([30, 20], fill=(187, 255, 255)) # draw.line((10, 10, 20, 30), fill='red') # draw.line((100, 10, 30, 20), fill=(180, 255, 255)) # draw.arc((30, 25, 80, 10), 0, 360, fill="red") # font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red",font=font) import random # char_list=[] # for i in range(5): # char=chr(random.randint(65,109)) # char_list.append(char) # ''.join(char_list) # #列表生成式,但是字母随机了，字体颜色不随机，所以不用列表生成式 # v=''.join([ chr(random.randint(65,109)) for i in range(5)]) # for i in range(5): # char=chr(random.randint(65,109)) # font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font) #写入的字符串需要自己知道内容，方便表单的校验 # char_list = [] # for i in range(5): # char=chr(random.randint(65,109)) # char_list.append(char) # font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font) # code=''.join(char_list) #但又面临的问题是POST请求时提交数据，获取不到，所以需要写入session里,并进入login函数中增加POST请求 # char_list = [] # for i in range(5): # char = chr(random.randint(65, 109)) # char_list.append(char) # font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([i * 24, 0], char, (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)), # font=font) # img.save(f,'png') # data=f.getvalue() # code = ''.join(char_list) # request.session['code'] = code # return HttpResponse(data) #以上验证码代码太长，将内容封装到BBS目录下utils目录中 from utils.random_check_code import random_check_code img,code=random_check_code() stream=BytesIO() img.save(stream,'png') request.session['code']=code return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/', views.login), url(r'^check_code/', views.check_code), ]
import random from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont,Image,ImageFilter def random_check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28): code = [] img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') def rndChar(): """ 生成随机字母 :return: """ return chr(random.randint(65, 90)) def rndColor(): """ 生成随机颜色 :return: """ return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255)) # 写文字 font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size) for i in range(char_length): char = rndChar() code.append(char) h = random.randint(0, 4) draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor()) # 写干扰点 for i in range(40): draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) # 写干扰圆圈 for i in range(40): draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) x = random.randint(0, width) y = random.randint(0, height) draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor()) # 画干扰线 for i in range(5): x1 = random.randint(0, width) y1 = random.randint(0, height) x2 = random.randint(0, width) y2 = random.randint(0, height) draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor()) img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #加滤镜，可以增加颜色的不同 return img, ''.join(code)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>$Title$</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"> <style> .login{ margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; margin-top: 150px; margin-left: 350px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="login"> <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input name="user" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="password" name="pwd" class="form-control" placeholder="密码"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label> <div class="col-sm-2"> <input class="form-control" placeholder="验证码" name="code"> </div> <div class="col-sm-2"> <img src="/check_code/" alt="" style="width: 120px;height: 30px"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
方法二：
使用Form表单：
#生成随机验证码 from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont def check_code(request): # #Django imag标签src属性导入图片的原理 # f=open('static/imgs/1.jpg','rb') #注意：static/imgs/1.jpg不能写成 /static/imgs/1.jpg # data=f.read() # f.close() # return HttpResponse(data) #创建code.png写入到本地BBS目录下 # from PIL import Image # img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) #默认写入白板，随后在白板上写入字符串等 # f=open('code.png','wb') # img.save(f,'png') #png为图片后缀 # f.close() # #将本地图片code.png读取到内存并使网页图片能显示出来 # f=open('code.png','rb') # data=f.read() # f.close() # return HttpResponse(data) #以上操作比较麻烦，需要写入本地又读取到内存中 #以下操作为在内存中开辟空间，在内存中进行读写等操作 # from io import BytesIO # #写入内存中 # f=BytesIO() # img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) # img.save(f,'png') # #从内存中读出来 # data=f.getvalue() # return HttpResponse(data) # from io import BytesIO # from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont f=BytesIO() img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) draw=ImageDraw.Draw(img,mode='RGB') # draw.point([100, 25], fill="red") # draw.point([30, 20], fill=(187, 255, 255)) # draw.line((10, 10, 20, 30), fill='red') # draw.line((100, 10, 30, 20), fill=(180, 255, 255)) # draw.arc((30, 25, 80, 10), 0, 360, fill="red") # font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red",font=font) import random # char_list=[] # for i in range(5): # char=chr(random.randint(65,109)) # char_list.append(char) # ''.join(char_list) # #列表生成式,但是字母随机了，字体颜色不随机，所以不用列表生成式 # v=''.join([ chr(random.randint(65,109)) for i in range(5)]) # for i in range(5): # char=chr(random.randint(65,109)) # font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font) #写入的字符串需要自己知道内容，方便表单的校验 # char_list = [] # for i in range(5): # char=chr(random.randint(65,109)) # char_list.append(char) # font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font) # code=''.join(char_list) #但又面临的问题是POST请求时提交数据，获取不到，所以需要写入session里,并进入login函数中增加POST请求 # char_list = [] # for i in range(5): # char = chr(random.randint(65, 109)) # char_list.append(char) # font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28) # draw.text([i * 24, 0], char, (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)), # font=font) # img.save(f,'png') # data=f.getvalue() # code = ''.join(char_list) # request.session['code'] = code # return HttpResponse(data) #以上验证码代码太长，将内容封装到BBS目录下utils目录中 from utils.random_check_code import random_check_code img,code=random_check_code() stream=BytesIO() img.save(stream,'png') request.session['code']=code return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue()) #登录页面,使用Form表单 #生成Form表单 from django.forms import Form from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import fields class LoginForm(Form): user = fields.CharField( widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':"form-control",'placeholder':'用户名'}), label="用户名", required=True, max_length=8, min_length=2, error_messages={ 'required':'用户名不能为空', 'min_length':'用户名不得少于2个字符', 'max_length':'用户名不得多于8个' } ) pwd = fields.CharField( widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':"form-control",'placeholder':'密码','type':'password'}), label="密码", required=True, max_length=10, min_length=2, error_messages={ 'required': '密码不能为空', 'min_length': '密码不得少于2个字符', 'max_length': '密码不得多于10个' } ) code=fields.CharField( widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':"form-control",'placeholder':'验证码'}), label="验证码", required=True, error_messages={ 'required':'验证码不能为空' } ) def login_form(request): if request.method=='GET': obj = LoginForm() return render(request, 'login_form.html', {'obj': obj}) else: obj=LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): input_user=obj.cleaned_data['user'] input_pwd=obj.cleaned_data['pwd'] input_code =obj.cleaned_data['code'] session_code=request.session.get('code') if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=input_user,password=input_pwd).first(): if input_code.upper()==session_code.upper(): return render(request,'information.html') else: return render(request, 'login_form.html', {'obj': obj, 'msg': '验证码错误'}) return render(request, 'login_form.html',{'obj':obj,'msg':'用户名或密码错误'}) else: v=obj.errors print(v) return render(request,'login_form.html',{'obj':obj})
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>$Title$</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"> <style> .login{ margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; margin-top: 150px; margin-left: 350px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="login"> <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ obj.user.label }}</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> {{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> {{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }} </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label> <div class="col-sm-2"> {{ obj.code }}{{ obj.errors.code.0 }}{{ msg }} </div> <div class="col-sm-2"> <img src="/check_code/" alt="" style="width: 120px;height: 30px"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </body> </html>
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^check_code/', views.check_code), url(r'^login_form/', views.login_form), ]
import random from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont,Image,ImageFilter def random_check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28): code = [] img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255)) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB') def rndChar(): """ 生成随机字母 :return: """ return chr(random.randint(65, 90)) def rndColor(): """ 生成随机颜色 :return: """ return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255)) # 写文字 font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size) for i in range(char_length): char = rndChar() code.append(char) h = random.randint(0, 4) draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor()) # 写干扰点 for i in range(10): draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) # 写干扰圆圈 for i in range(10): draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor()) x = random.randint(0, width) y = random.randint(0, height) draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor()) # 画干扰线 for i in range(2): x1 = random.randint(0, width) y1 = random.randint(0, height) x2 = random.randint(0, width) y2 = random.randint(0, height) draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor()) img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #加滤镜，可以增加颜色的不同 return img, ''.join(code)
