17.Github分支管理-解决冲突
生不如意之事十之八九,合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。
准备新的feature1
分支,继续我们的新分支开发:
$ git checkout -b feature1
Switched to a new branch 'feature1'
修改readme.txt
最后一行,改为:
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
在feature1
分支上提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "AND simple"
[feature1 14096d0] AND simple
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
切换到master
分支:
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Git还会自动提示我们当前master
分支比远程的master
分支要超前1个提交。
在master
分支上把readme.txt
文件的最后一行改为:
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "& simple"
[master 5dc6824] & simple
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
现在,master
分支和feature1
分支各自都分别有新的提交,变成了这样:
![git-br-feature1](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1167156/201812/1167156-20181201145949996-1061231539.png)
这种情况下,Git无法执行“快速合并”,只能试图把各自的修改合并起来,但这种合并就可能会有冲突,我们试试看:
$ git merge feature1
Auto-merging readme.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
果然冲突了!Git告诉我们,readme.txt
文件存在冲突,必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status
也可以告诉我们冲突的文件:
$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
You have unmerged paths.
(fix conflicts and run "git commit")
(use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)
Unmerged paths:
(use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
both modified: readme.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容:
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
<<<<<<< HEAD
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
=======
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
>>>>>>> feature1
Git用<<<<<<<
,=======
,>>>>>>>
标记出不同分支的内容,我们修改如下后保存:
Creating a new branch is quick and simple.
再提交:
$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "conflict fixed"
[master cf810e4] conflict fixed
现在,master
分支和feature1
分支变成了下图所示:
![git-br-conflict-merged](https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1167156/201812/1167156-20181201145950303-2005624990.png)
用带参数的git log
也可以看到分支的合并情况:
$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
* cf810e4 (HEAD -> master) conflict fixed
|\
| * 14096d0 (feature1) AND simple
* | 5dc6824 & simple
|/
* b17d20e branch test
* d46f35e (origin/master) remove test.txt
* b84166e add test.txt
* 519219b git tracks changes
* e43a48b understand how stage works
* 1094adb append GPL
* e475afc add distributed
* eaadf4e wrote a readme file
最后,删除feature1
分支:
$ git branch -d feature1
Deleted branch feature1 (was 14096d0).
工作完成。
=================================================================
小结
当Git无法自动合并分支时,就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后,再提交,合并完成。
解决冲突就是把Git合并失败的文件手动编辑为我们希望的内容,再提交。
用git log --graph
命令可以看到分支合并图。