Webserver-HTTP项目(深入理解HTTP协议)
# HTTP项目实战
- 深入理解HTTP协议
- 模拟后台服务程序基本流程和大致框架
- 每一个步骤一个文件夹
- 图解http协议, 图解tcp/ip协议
# v01-验证技术
- 验证socket-tcp技术,看能否走通流程
- 使用浏览器发送消息,访问地址
# V02-解析传入http协议
- 根据http协议格式,逐行读取信息
- 按行读取后的信息,需要进行拆解,
# 推荐书籍
- 日本人写的 “图解Http"
- 图解系列严重推荐
# v03-http协议封装返回内容
- 返回头: "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
- 首部行:
- "Content-Length: xxx\r\n"
- "Date: 20180616\r\n"
- 空行:
- "\r\n"
- 返回内容:
- "I love beijign tulingxueyuan"
- 例子v03
# v04-面向对象重构
- 两个对象:
- 一个负责监听接受传入socket, WebServer
- 一个负责通讯, SocketHandler
- 参看例子v04
# v05-使用配置文件
# v06-返回静态页面
- 静态文件:不常编辑的文件内容
- 静态文件的存储: 一般单独放入一共文件夹,或者静态文件服务器
- 需要有一共html类型的页面
- 把html文件作为文件读入内容
- 作为结果反馈回去
- 静态文件存放再: webapp文件夹下
# v07-添加路由功能和404
- 路由: 能够理解请求并按照请求调用相应处理函数的模块
- 理解请求内容
- 能够调用或者指定相应业务处理模块
- 算法:
- 按行读取传入报文
- 假如报文能用空格分割成三段,则是请求行
- 否则,是首部行,首部行必须要能够用冒号空格分割成两段
- 首部行是天然的键值对
- 请求行需要自行增加键
- 404代表访问的资源不存在
# v08-添加静态文件
- 静态文件: 在web后台,一般把图片,音频,视频,附件等很少需要更改内容的文件成为静态文件
- 新建文件夹static用来存放静态文件
========================================
TCP传输+HTTP协议
HTTP协议请求头部:
HTTP头部解析算法:
添加路由:
一个socket负责通道传输,一个socket负责监听,其他的socket负责处理;
socker并发执行。
v01-验证技术:
import socket
# 理解两个参数的含义
# 理解创建一个socket的过程
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 注意addr的格式是tuple
# 以及tuple两个元素的含义
sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 7852))
print("已经绑定端口........")
# 监听
sock.listen()
print("正在监听......")
# 接受一个传进来的socket
print("准备接受socket传入....")
skt, addr = sock.accept()
print("已经接收到传入socket: {0}".format(skt))
# 读取传入消息,实际上是信息
# 需要注意读取的信息的长度一定要小于等于实际消息的长度,否则会假死
msg = skt.recv(100)
print(type(msg))
# decode默认utf-8
print(msg.decode())
# 给对方一个反馈
msg = "I love only wangxiaojing"
skt.send(msg.encode())
skt.close()
sock.close()
解析传入HTTP:
import socket
def getHttpHeader(skt):
'''
得到传入socket的http请求头
:param skt: 通信的socket
:return: 解析后的请求头内容,字典形式
'''
# 读取某一行
# 直到读取的行返回空行为止
# 用来存放结果,dict类型
rst = {}
line = getLine(skt)
while line:
'''
判断得到的行是报头还是首部行,两个操作方法不一样
算法是:
1. 利用‘: ’作为分隔符,分割字符串
2. 如果是首部行,则一定会把字符串分成两个子串
3. 否则就是一个字符串
'''
r = line.split(r': ')
if len(r) == 2:
rst[r[0]] = r[1]
else:
r = line.split(r' ')
rst['method'] = r[0]
rst['uri'] = r[1]
rst['version'] = r[2]
line = getLine(skt)
return rst
def getLine(skt):
'''
从socket中读取某一行
:param skt: ocket
:return: 返回读取到的一行str格式内容
'''
'''
前提:
1. http协议传输内容是ascii编码
2. 真正传输的内容是通过网络流传输
3. 回车换行: b'\r', b'\n', b表示是一个bytes格式
'''
# 每次从socket读取一个byte内容
b1 = skt.recv(1)
b2 = 0
#data用来存放读取的行的内容
data = b''
#当确定还没有读到一行最后,也就是回车换行符号的时候,需要循环
while b2 != b'\r' and b1 != b'\n':
b2 = b1
b1 = skt.recv(1)
data += bytes(b2)
# decode 需要一个参数,即编码,但是不给的话就采用默认utf-8解码
return data.strip(b'\r').decode()
# 理解两个参数的含义
# 理解创建一个socket的过程
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 注意addr的格式是tuple
# 以及tuple两个元素的含义
sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 7852))
print("已经绑定端口........")
# 监听
sock.listen()
print("正在监听......")
# 接受一个传进来的socket
print("准备接受socket传入....")
skt, addr = sock.accept()
print("已经接收到传入socket: {0}".format(skt))
# 实际处理请求内容
http_info = getHttpHeader(skt)
print(http_info)
# 给对方一个反馈
msg = "I love only wangxiaojing"
skt.send(msg.encode())
skt.close()
sock.close()
v03-HTTP协议返回:
import socket
def getHttpHeader(skt):
'''
得到传入socket的http请求头
:param skt: 通信的socket
:return: 解析后的请求头内容,字典形式
'''
# 读取某一行
# 直到读取的行返回空行为止
# 用来存放结果,dict类型
rst = {}
line = getLine(skt)
while line:
'''
判断得到的行是报头还是首部行,两个操作方法不一样
算法是:
1. 利用‘: ’作为分隔符,分割字符串
2. 如果是首部行,则一定会把字符串分成两个子串
3. 否则就是一个字符串
'''
r = line.split(r': ')
if len(r) == 2:
rst[r[0]] = r[1]
else:
r = line.split(r' ')
rst['method'] = r[0]
rst['uri'] = r[1]
rst['version'] = r[2]
line = getLine(skt)
return rst
def getLine(skt):
'''
从socket中读取某一行
:param skt: ocket
:return: 返回读取到的一行str格式内容
'''
'''
前提:
1. http协议传输内容是ascii编码
2. 真正传输的内容是通过网络流传输
3. 回车换行: b'\r', b'\n', b表示是一个bytes格式
'''
# 每次从socket读取一个byte内容
b1 = skt.recv(1)
b2 = 0
#data用来存放读取的行的内容
data = b''
#当确定还没有读到一行最后,也就是回车换行符号的时候,需要循环
while b2 != b'\r' and b1 != b'\n':
b2 = b1
b1 = skt.recv(1)
data += bytes(b2)
# decode 需要一个参数,即编码,但是不给的话就采用默认utf-8解码
return data.strip(b'\r').decode()
def sendRsp(skt, content):
'''
发送返回值,利用传入的socket
:param skt: 通信的socket
:return:
'''
# 构建返回头
rsp_1 = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
rsp_2 = "Date: 20180616\r\n"
# 求返回内容的长度
len_value= len(content)
rsp_3 = "Content-Length: {0}\r\n".format(len_value)
rsp_4 = "\r\n"
rsp_content = content
# rsp代表返回的全部数据信息,里面包含http协议本身的内容
rsp = rsp_1 + rsp_2 + rsp_3 + rsp_4 + rsp_content
skt.send(rsp.encode())
# 理解两个参数的含义
# 理解创建一个socket的过程
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 注意addr的格式是tuple
# 以及tuple两个元素的含义
sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 7852))
print("已经绑定端口........")
# 监听
sock.listen()
print("正在监听......")
# 接受一个传进来的socket
print("准备接受socket传入....")
skt, addr = sock.accept()
print("已经接收到传入socket: {0}".format(skt))
# 实际处理请求内容
http_info = getHttpHeader(skt)
print(http_info)
# 给对方一个反馈
msg = "I love only wangxiaojing"
sendRsp(skt, msg)
skt.close()
sock.close()
v04-OOP重构-面向对象重构代码
import socket
import threading
class SocketHandler:
def __init__(self, sock):
self.sock = sock
# 放置Http请求的头部信息
self.headInfo = set()
def startHandler(self):
'''
处理传入请求做两件事情
1. 解析http协议
2. 返回n内容
:return:
'''
self.headHandler()
self.sendRsp()
return None
def headHandler(self):
# 两个下划线开头的变量是啥意思捏?
self.headInfo = self.__getAllLine()
print(self.headInfo)
return None
def sendRsp(self):
data = "HELLO WORLD"
self.__sendRspAll(data)
return None
#####################################
def __getLine(self):
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
b2 = 0
data = b''
while b2 != b'\r' and b1 != b'\n' :
b2 = b1
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
data += bytes(b2)
return data.strip(b'\r')
def __getAllLine(self):
data = b''
dataList = list()
data = b''
while True:
data = self.__getLine()
if data:
dataList.append(data)
else:
return dataList
return None
def __sendRspLine(self,data):
data += "\r\n"
self.sock.send(data.encode("ASCII"))
return None
def __sendRspAll(self, data):
self.__sendRspLine("HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
strRsp = "Content-Length: "
strRsp += str(len(data))
self.__sendRspLine( strRsp )
self.__sendRspLine("Content-Type: text/html")
self.__sendRspLine("")
self.__sendRspLine(data)
class WebServer():
def __init__(self, ip='127.0.0.1', port=7853):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.sock = socket.socket( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.sock.listen(1)
print("WebServer is started............................")
def start(self):
'''
服务器程序一共永久性不间断提供服务
:return:
'''
while True:
skt, addr = self.sock.accept()
if skt:
print("Received a socket {0} from {1} ................. ".format(skt.getpeername(), addr))
# sockHandler负责具体通信
sockHandler = SocketHandler(skt)
thr = threading.Thread(target=sockHandler.startHandler , args=( ) )
thr.setDaemon(True)
thr.start()
thr.join()
skt.close()
print("Socket {0} handling is done............".format(addr))
if __name__ == '__main__':
ws = WebServer()
ws.start()
v05-配置文件
class ServerContent:
ip = '127.0.0.1'
port = 9999
head_protocal = "HTTP/1.1 "
head_code_200 = "200 "
head_status_OK = "OK"
head_content_length = "Content-Length: "
head_content_type = "Content-Type: "
content_type_html = "text/html"
blank_line = ""
import socket
import threading
class SocketHandler:
def __init__(self, sock):
self.sock = sock
# 放置Http请求的头部信息
self.headInfo = set()
def startHandler(self):
'''
处理传入请求做两件事情
1. 解析http协议
2. 返回n内容
:return:
'''
self.headHandler()
self.sendRsp()
return None
def headHandler(self):
# 两个下划线开头的变量是啥意思捏?
self.headInfo = self.__getAllLine()
print(self.headInfo)
return None
def sendRsp(self):
data = "HELLO WORLD"
self.__sendRspAll(data)
return None
#####################################
def __getLine(self):
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
b2 = 0
data = b''
while b2 != b'\r' and b1 != b'\n' :
b2 = b1
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
data += bytes(b2)
return data.strip(b'\r')
def __getAllLine(self):
data = b''
dataList = list()
data = b''
while True:
data = self.__getLine()
if data:
dataList.append(data)
else:
return dataList
return None
def __sendRspLine(self,data):
data += "\r\n"
self.sock.send(data.encode("ASCII"))
return None
def __sendRspAll(self, data):
self.__sendRspLine("HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
strRsp = "Content-Length: "
strRsp += str(len(data))
self.__sendRspLine( strRsp )
self.__sendRspLine("Content-Type: text/html")
self.__sendRspLine("")
self.__sendRspLine(data)
class WebServer():
def __init__(self, ip=ServerContent.ip, port=ServerContent.port):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.sock = socket.socket( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.sock.listen(1)
print("WebServer is started............................")
def start(self):
'''
服务器程序一共永久性不间断提供服务
:return:
'''
while True:
skt, addr = self.sock.accept()
if skt:
print("Received a socket {0} from {1} ................. ".format(skt.getpeername(), addr))
# sockHandler负责具体通信
sockHandler = SocketHandler(skt)
thr = threading.Thread(target=sockHandler.startHandler , args=( ) )
thr.setDaemon(True)
thr.start()
thr.join()
skt.close()
print("Socket {0} handling is done............".format(addr))
if __name__ == '__main__':
ws = WebServer()
ws.start()
v06-返回静态页面-返回html页面
class ServerContent:
ip = '127.0.0.1'
port = 9999
head_protocal = "HTTP/1.1 "
head_code_200 = "200 "
head_status_OK = "OK"
head_content_length = "Content-Length: "
head_content_type = "Content-Type: "
content_type_html = "text/html"
blank_line = ""
import socket
import threading
class SocketHandler:
def __init__(self, sock):
self.sock = sock
# 放置Http请求的头部信息
self.headInfo = set()
def startHandler(self):
'''
处理传入请求做两件事情
1. 解析http协议
2. 返回n内容
:return:
'''
self.headHandler()
self.sendRsp()
return None
def headHandler(self):
# 两个下划线开头的变量是啥意思捏?
self.headInfo = self.__getAllLine()
print(self.headInfo)
return None
def sendRsp(self):
data = "HELLO WORLD"
'''
想返回一个静态页面,可以考虑把静态页面文件读入,作为str类型
然后作为一共长字符串返回
'''
fp = r'.\webapp\hello.html'
with open(fp, mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
data = f.read()
self.__sendRspAll(data)
return None
#####################################
def __getLine(self):
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
b2 = 0
data = b''
while b2 != b'\r' and b1 != b'\n' :
b2 = b1
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
data += bytes(b2)
return data.strip(b'\r')
def __getAllLine(self):
data = b''
dataList = list()
data = b''
while True:
data = self.__getLine()
if data:
dataList.append(data)
else:
return dataList
return None
def __sendRspLine(self,data):
data += "\r\n"
self.sock.send(data.encode())
return None
def __sendRspAll(self, data):
self.__sendRspLine("HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
strRsp = "Content-Length: "
strRsp += str(len(data))
self.__sendRspLine( strRsp )
self.__sendRspLine("Content-Type: text/html")
self.__sendRspLine("")
self.__sendRspLine(data)
class WebServer():
def __init__(self, ip=ServerContent.ip, port=ServerContent.port):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.sock = socket.socket( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.sock.listen(1)
print("WebServer is started............................")
def start(self):
'''
服务器程序一共永久性不间断提供服务
:return:
'''
while True:
skt, addr = self.sock.accept()
if skt:
print("Received a socket {0} from {1} ................. ".format(skt.getpeername(), addr))
# sockHandler负责具体通信
sockHandler = SocketHandler(skt)
thr = threading.Thread(target=sockHandler.startHandler , args=( ) )
thr.setDaemon(True)
thr.start()
thr.join()
skt.close()
print("Socket {0} handling is done............".format(addr))
if __name__ == '__main__':
ws = WebServer()
ws.start()
webapp:hello.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>北京图灵学院欢迎您</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color:blue"> 我爱北京图灵学院刘大拿</h1>
</body>
</html>
v07-添加路由:
class ServerContent:
ip = '127.0.0.1'
port = 9999
head_protocal = "HTTP/1.1 "
head_code_200 = "200 "
head_status_OK = "OK"
head_content_length = "Content-Length: "
head_content_type = "Content-Type: "
content_type_html = "text/html"
blank_line = ""
import socket
import threading
class SocketHandler:
def __init__(self, sock):
self.sock = sock
# 放置Http请求的头部信息
self.headInfo = dict()
def startHandler(self):
'''
处理传入请求做两件事情
1. 解析http协议
2. 返回n内容
:return:
'''
self.headHandler()
self.reqRoute()
return None
def reqRoute(self):
uri = self.headInfo.get("uri")
if uri == b"/":
self.sendRsp(r"./webapp/hello.html")
return None
if uri == b"/favicon.ico":
self.sendStaticIco(r"./static/fav.jfif")
return None
self.sendRsp(r"./webapp/404.html")
def sendStaticIco(self, fp):
with open(fp, mode='rb') as f:
ico = f.read()
self.__sendRspAll(ico)
def headHandler(self):
self.headInfo = dict()
tmpHead = self.__getAllLine()
for line in tmpHead:
if b":" in line:
# split的具体含义
infos = line.split(b": ")
self.headInfo[infos[0]] = infos[1]
else:
infos = line.split(b" ")
self.headInfo["protocal"] = infos[2]
self.headInfo["method"] = infos[0]
self.headInfo["uri"] = infos[1]
def sendRsp(self, fp):
data = "HELLO WORLD"
'''
想返回一个静态页面,可以考虑把静态页面文件读入,作为str类型
然后作为一共长字符串返回
'''
#r'.\webapp\hello.html'
with open(fp, mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
data = f.read()
self.__sendRspAll(data)
return None
#####################################
def __getLine(self):
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
b2 = 0
data = b''
while b2 != b'\r' and b1 != b'\n' :
b2 = b1
b1 = self.sock.recv(1)
data += bytes(b2)
return data.strip(b'\r')
def __getAllLine(self):
data = b''
dataList = list()
data = b''
while True:
data = self.__getLine()
if data:
dataList.append(data)
else:
return dataList
return None
def __sendRspLine(self,data):
if type(data) == bytes:
self.sock.send(data)
else:
data += "\r\n"
self.sock.send(data.encode())
return None
def __sendRspAll(self, data):
self.__sendRspLine("HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
strRsp = "Content-Length: "
strRsp += str(len(data))
self.__sendRspLine( strRsp )
self.__sendRspLine("Content-Type: text/html")
self.__sendRspLine("")
self.__sendRspLine(data)
class WebServer():
def __init__(self, ip=ServerContent.ip, port=ServerContent.port):
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.sock = socket.socket( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.bind((self.ip, self.port))
self.sock.listen(1)
print("WebServer is started............................")
def start(self):
'''
服务器程序一共永久性不间断提供服务
:return:
'''
while True:
skt, addr = self.sock.accept()
if skt:
print("Received a socket {0} from {1} ................. ".format(skt.getpeername(), addr))
# sockHandler负责具体通信
sockHandler = SocketHandler(skt)
thr = threading.Thread(target=sockHandler.startHandler , args=( ) )
thr.setDaemon(True)
thr.start()
thr.join()
skt.close()
print("Socket {0} handling is done............".format(addr))
if __name__ == '__main__':
ws = WebServer()
ws.start()
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