ansible(9)--ansible的yum模块

1. yum模块

功能：管理软件包，需要确认被管理端为红帽系列的，并且需要被管理端配置好yum源。

主要的参数如下：

参数	说明
name	指定安装软件包名或软件包URL
state	指定yum对应的方法，present(Defaults)表示安装；absent表示卸载；latest表示安装最新版本软件包，支持多程序一起安装，用逗号隔开
enablerepo	允许从哪些仓库获取软件
disablerepo	禁止从哪些仓库获取软件
exclude	排除某些软件包，例如kernel
download_only	仅下载软件包，不安装
disable_gpg_check	不进行gpg检测
update_cache	可以在安装包的同时更新yum缓存

• 示例一：在被控端安装vsftpd，apache软件包：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible 192.168.20.23 -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd,httpd state=present'
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      }, 
      "changed": true, 
      "changes": {
          "installed": [
              "vsftpd", 
              "httpd"
          ]
      }, 
      "msg": "", 
      "rc": 0, 
      "results": [
          "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64\n---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-27.el7 will be installed\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package         Arch           Version                      Repository    Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n httpd           x86_64         2.4.6-93.el7.centos          base         2.7 M\n vsftpd          x86_64         3.0.2-27.el7                 base         172 k\nInstalling for dependencies:\n mailcap         noarch         2.1.41-2.el7                 base          31 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall  2 Packages (+1 Dependent package)\n\nTotal download size: 2.9 M\nInstalled size: 9.8 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal                                              119 MB/s | 2.9 MB  00:00     \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                  1/3 \n  Installing : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64                             2/3 \n  Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-27.el7.x86_64                                   3/3 \n  Verifying  : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                  1/3 \n  Verifying  : vsftpd-3.0.2-27.el7.x86_64                                   2/3 \n  Verifying  : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64                             3/3 \n\nInstalled:\n  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos        vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-27.el7       \n\nDependency Installed:\n  mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7                                                 \n\nComplete!\n"
      ]
  }
  
  [root@nginx03 ~]# rpm -q httpd
  httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64
  [root@nginx03 ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
  vsftpd-3.0.2-27.el7.x86_64
  

• 示例二：安装当前最新的Apache软件，通过epel仓库安装：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present enablerepo=epel"
  

• 示例三：通过公网URL安装 rpm 软件：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=https://xx.rpm state=present"
  

• 示例四：卸载被控主机的vsftpd，apache软件包：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible 192.168.20.23 -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd,httpd state=absent'
  

• 示例五：安装最新版本的 Apache 软件，如果存在则更新 Apache：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest
  

• 示例六：更新所有的软件包，但排除和kernel相关的：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=* state=latest exclude=kernel"