序列化和反序列化
序列化组件: 1 对应着表,写序列化的类 2 from rest_framework import serializers 3 写一个类,继承serializers.Serializer 4 类中写一些属性 -name = serializers.CharField() 5 使用: -实例化产生一个对象(传参数) -对象.data ---->拿到字典 6 其他: -source:可以指定字段,也可以指定方法 -serializers.SerializerMethodField() 必须要写一个方法预制对应 get_字段名(self,obj对象) #写一些逻辑 #也可以用序列化的类,继续序列化别的对象 return '' 7 ModelSerializer 8 定义一个类 class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # 必须写一个内部类,名字叫Meta class Meta: model = Book 指定要序列化的表 # fields = '__all__' # 指定只取这两个字段 fields = ['nid','name'] # 去掉指定的字段 # exclude=['publish','authors'] # depth = 2 9 实例化传参数的时候,可以按关键字传:BookSerializer(instance='可以是queryset对象,也可是是单个对象',many=True/False) -HyperlinkedIdentityField(用的很少) -1 publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt',lookup_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pky') -2 view_name:路由的别名,lookup_field:根据表的哪个字段,来拼路径,lookup_url_kwarg:反向解析有名分组的名字 -3 写路由:url(r'^publish/(?P<pky>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'), -4 实例化序列化类的时候,需要把request对象传过去 book_ser=BookSerializer(ret,many=True,context={'request': request}) -序列化组件的数据校验 -类比forms组件 -字段是否必填,通过required,来控制 authors=serializers.CharField(required=False) -数据校验,生成一个序列化类的对象 -对象.is_valid() -新增数据: -对象.save() -修改数据: -在生成对象的时候,需要传instanse=查询出来的对象 -对象.save() -序列化组件数据校验功能的钩子函数 -局部 -全局 -HyperlinkedIdentityField -传三个参数:第一个路由名字,用来反向解析,第二个参数是要反向解析的参数值,第三个参数:有名分组的名字 -xx=HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='路由名字',look_up_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pky') -xx=http://127.0.0.1:8001/publish/1 -数据校验 -生成序列化类对象的时候,把要校验的数据(字典:前端传过来的)传过来 -ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data) -ser.is_valid() -显示中文:error_messages={'required': '该字段必填'} -局部钩子函数(value就是这个字段的值) -def validate_字段名(self, value): #拿到值,就可以进行判断了 #如果通过,把value值返回, #如果不通过,抛 ValidationError 异常 -全局钩子函数(value是验证通过的所有数据) -def validate(self, value): #取出数据,进行判断 #如果通过,把value值返回, #如果不通过,抛 ValidationError 异常 -保存和更新:(必须继承ModelSerializer) -保存 -ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data) -ser.save()---->向数据库中插一条数据 -更新 -ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data.instance='要更新的对象') -ser.save()---->向数据库中插一条数据
from rest_framework import serializers from app01 import models class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer): nid = serializers.CharField() name = serializers.CharField() age = serializers.CharField() # class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer): # name = serializers.CharField() # # publish = serializers.CharField() # publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt',lookup_field='publish_id',lookup_url_kwarg='pky') from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields = '__all__' name = serializers.CharField(min_length=2, error_messages={'required': '该字段必填'}) authors = serializers.CharField(required=False) # 局部钩子: def validate_name(self, value): # print(value) if value.startswith('sb'): # 不能以sb开头 raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头') else: return value # 全局钩子找到了 def validate(self, value): # value是所有校验通过数据的字典 print(value) name = value.get('name') price = value.get('price') if name and price: if str(name) == str(price): return value else: raise ValidationError('名字跟价格不相等') return value
"""day97 URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^books/$', views.Books.as_view()), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BooksDetail.as_view()), url(r'^publish/(?P<pky>\d+)', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'), url(r'^login/', views.Login.as_view()), ]
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse from app01.mySer import BookSerializer from django.http import JsonResponse from app01 import models # Create your views here. from rest_framework.views import APIView class Books(APIView): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): ret = models.Book.objects.all() # 生成一个序列化的对象,传参数 # 序列化多条,记住many=True book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=True, context={'request': request}) print(book_ser.data) return JsonResponse(book_ser.data, safe=False) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 前端传递过来的数据从data中取 # 用序列化类的数据校验 # data参数,是要校验的数据 response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'} ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): # 如果数据校验通过,is_valid是True # 保存到数据库,ser是谁的对象?继承了ModelSerializer的类的对象 ser.save() else: response['status'] = 101 response['msg'] = ser.errors return JsonResponse(response, safe=False) from rest_framework import exceptions class Auth(): def authenticate(self, request): # 包装后的request对象,请求来的所有东西都能拿出来 # 如果认证通过,需要返回东西,如果认证不通过,要抛异常 token=request.GET.get('token') ret=models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first() #如果有值,说明登录过了,而且带的随机字符串也是正确的 if ret: return None else: # 如果没有值,抛异常 raise exceptions.APIException('您没有登录') from rest_framework.request import Request class BooksDetail(APIView): authentication_classes = [Auth, ] def get(self, request, pk): response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'} ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first() # 生成一个序列化的对象,传参数 # 序列化单,记住many=False if ret: book_ser = BookSerializer(ret, many=False) print(book_ser.data) response['data'] = book_ser.data else: response['status'] = 101 response['msg'] = '您查询的不存在' return JsonResponse(response, safe=False) def put(self, request, pk): response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'} ret = models.Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first() if ret: # 数据校验 # 传instance和不传instance,传instance的区别 # 不传instance,调save(),往数据库新增数据 # 传instance,调save(),修改数据 ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data, instance=ret) if ser.is_valid(): # ret.name=request.data.get('name') ser.save() else: response['status'] = 101 response['msg'] = ser.errors else: response['status'] = 102 response['msg'] = '修改的对象不存在' return JsonResponse(response, safe=False) class Publish(APIView): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('ok') import uuid class Login(APIView): def post(self, request): response={'status':100,'msg':'登录成功'} name = request.data.get('name') pwd = request.data.get('pwd') user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name=name, pwd=pwd).first() if not user: response['status']=101 response['msg']='用户名或密码错误' else: # 生成一个随机字符串 token=uuid.uuid4() # 去数据库保存 models.UserToken.objects.create(token=token,user=user) response['token']=token return JsonResponse(response,safe=False)
from django.db import models # Create your models here. from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish_date = models.DateField() publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDatail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDatail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name def test(self): return self.email class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserToken(models.Model): token = models.CharField(max_length=64) user = models.OneToOneField(to=UserInfo)
