Linux 命令缩写 - [转载]

 

bin = BINaries
/dev = DEVices
/etc = ETCetera
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable ?
FIFO = First In, First Out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister"
Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python's Flying Circus
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
apache = "a patchy" server
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
biff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
cal = CALendar
cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = CHange GRouP
chmod = CHange MODe
chown = CHange OWNer
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe = Joe's Own Editor
ksh = Korn SHell
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
nano = Nano's ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
od = Octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User
svn = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = τ?χνη的缩写，希腊文art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom's Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User's LIMIT
umask = User's MASK
uniq = UNIQue
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
vim = Vi IMproved
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs = eXtended ARGuments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
yacc = yet another compiler compiler

转自《frankdavejiwei的博客》

这些是补充的：
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
su = Switch User
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association

缩写习惯
无聊和乏味的工作是罪恶

-- Eric S. Raymond

构建于图形界面之上的操作系统，使用鼠标作为主输入设备，是否使用缩写并不重要。比如 Windows 系统中的目录，几乎都是全称…… 点击
两次鼠标进入文件夹 pf，并不意味着点击13次才能进入文件夹 Program Files

而构建于命令行之上的操作系统，如 Linux，只要3个字母以上的单词，几乎都要缩写。例如： cd 命令是 Change Directory 的缩写。作为常
用命令，如果使用它的全称 Change Directory，绝对是无聊和乏味的工作。

最常见的缩写，取每个单词的首字母，如

cd Change Directory
dd Disk Dump
df Disk Free
du Disk Usage
pwd Print Working Directory
ps Processes Status
PS Prompt Stringps
su Substitute User
rc Run Command
Tcl Tool Command Language
cups Common Unix Printing System
apt Advanced Packaging Tool
bg BackGround
ping Packet InterNet Grouper

如果首字母后为“h”，通常保留

chsh CHange SHell
chmod CHange MODe
chown CHange OWNer
chgrp CHange GRouP
bash Bourne Again SHell
zsh Z SHell
ksh Korn SHell
ssh Secure SHell

递归缩写[3]也属于这一类，如：

GNU GNU's Not Unix
PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor  
RPM RPM Package Manager
WINE WINE Is Not an Emulator  
PNG PNG's Not GIF  
nano Nano's ANOther editor

有些缩写可能有多种定义，如：

rpm
RPM Package Manager
RedHat Package Manager
 
bc
Basic Calculator
Better Calculator  
这方面 Emacs 可谓独领风骚：

Emacs  
Editor MACroS
Emacs Makes A Computer Slow
Escape Meta Alt Control Shift
Emacs Makers Are Crazy Sickos
Emacs Makes All Computing Simple
Emacs Makefiles Annihilate C-Shells
Emacs Manuals Always Cause Senility
Emacs May Allow Customized Screwups
Emacs Manuals Are Cryptic and Surreal
Eventually Munches All Computer Storage
Eight Megabytes And Constantly Swapping
Elsewhere Maybe All Commands are Simple
Excellent Manuals Are Clearly Suppressed
Emacs May Alienate Clients and Supporters
Except by Middle Aged Computer Scientists
Extended Macros Are Considered Superfluous
Every Mode Accelerates Creation of Software
Each Manual's Audience is Completely Stupefied
Exceptionally Mediocre Algorithm for Computer Scientists
Easily Maintained with the Assistance of Chemical Solutions
Eradication of Memory Accomplished with Complete Simplicity  
如果只有一个单词，通常取每个音节的首字母：

cp CoPy
ln LiNk
ls LiSt
mv MoVe
rm ReMove

对于目录，通常使用前几个字母作为缩写：

bin BINaries
dev DEVices
etc ETCetera
lib LIBrary
var VARiable
proc PROCesses
sbin Superuser BINaries
tmp TeMPorary
usr Unix Shared Resources

这种缩写的其它情况

diff DIFFerences
cal CALendar
cat CATenate
ed EDitor
exec EXECute
tab TABle
regexp REGular EXPression
如果某种缩写比较深入人心，例如“mesg”代表“message”，在新的复合缩写中，将沿用这种缩写方式

dmesg Diagnostic MESsaGe
sed Stream EDitor
stty Set TTY
fstab FileSystem TABle
passwd PASSWorD

有些缩写中，第一个字母“g”，代表“GNU”

awk Aho Weiberger and Kernighan   
gawk GNU AWK   
gpg GNU Privacy Guard   
grep GNU Regular Expression Print   
egrep Extended GREP   



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[3] 定义中包含自身缩写，如 GNU：
GNU's Not Unix
使用这个定义来解释定义中的缩写：
(GNU's Not Unix)'s Not Unix
这意味着它是可以无限递归的：
(((((GNU's Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix ……

命令选项，从a到z
Linux 命令的选项繁复庞杂，让人眼花缭乱。不过这些选项往往具有相对固定的涵义，熟悉了它们，记忆便不再困难

-a
all : 全部，所有 (ls , lsattr , uname)
archive : 存档 (cp , rsync)
append : 附加 (tar -A , 7z)

-b
blocksize : 块大小，带参数 (du , df)
batch : 批处理模式 (交互模式的程序通常拥有此选项，如 top -b)

-c
commands : 执行命令，带参数 (bash , ksh , python)
create : 创建 (tar)

-d
debug : 调试
delete : 删除
directory : 目录 (ls)

-e
execute : 执行，带参数 (xterm , perl)
edit : 编辑
exclude : 排除

-f
force : 强制，不经确认(cp , rm ,mv)
file : 文件，带参数 (tar)
configuration file : 指定配置文件(有些守护进程拥有此选项，如 ssh , lighttpd)

-g

-h
--help : 帮助
human readable : 人性化显示(ls , du , df)
headers : 头部

-i
interactive : 交互模式，提示(rm , mv)
include : 包含

-k
keep : 保留
kill

-l
long listing format : 长格式(ls)
list : 列表
load : 读取 (gcc , emacs)

-m
message : 消息 (cvs)
manual : 手册 (whereis)
create home : 创建 home 目录 (usermod , useradd)

-n
number : 行号、编号 (cat , head , tail , pstree , lspci)
no : (useradd , make)

-o
output : 输出 (cc , sort)
options : 选项 (mount)

-p
port : 端口，带参数 (很多网络工具拥有此选项，如 ssh , lftp )
protocol : 协议，带参数
passwd : 密码，带参数

-q
quiet : 静默

-r
reverse : 反转
recursive : 递归 (cp , rm , chmod -R)

-s
silent : 安静
size : 大小，带参数
subject

-t
tag
type : 类型 (mount)

-u
user : 用户名、UID，带参数

-v
verbose : 冗长
version : 版本

-w
width : 宽度
warning : 警告

-x
exclude : 排除 (tar , zip)

-y
yes
z
zip : 启用压缩 (bzip , tar , zcat , zip , cvs)

 

转载地址：http://blog.csdn.net/altawu/article/details/7251910