php-fpm sql ftp nfs samba

1、搭建php-fpm工作方式的LAMP环境，实现wordpress正常访问

安装php-fpm

php php-mysql php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-fpm php-xcache

 [root@web1 ~]# yum -y install php php-mysql php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-fpm php-xcache

配置文件

php:/etc/php.ini /etc/php.d/*.conf
php-fpm:/etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/php-fpm.d/*conf
修改/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

pm.status_path = /pmstatus
ping.path = /ping
ping.response = pong

加速配置修改缓存大小

[root@web1 ~]# cat /etc/php.d/xcache.ini
xcache.size = 60M

修改虚拟主机加入php-fpm代理

<VirtualHost _default_:443>

# General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration
DocumentRoot "/home/www"
ServerName www.xlc.com:443
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/home/www/$1
ProxyPassMatch ^/(pm-status|ping) fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/
DirectoryIndex index.html
    <Directory "/home/www">
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
    <Directory "/home/www/blog">
        Options None
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
        DirectoryIndex index.php
    </Directory>
<location /server-status>
    SetHandler server-status
    <RequireAll>
        Require ip 192.168.1.3
    </RequireAll>
</location>
<location /pm-status>
    <RequireAll>
        Require ip 192.168.1.3
    </RequireAll>
</location>
<location /ping>
    SetHandler server-status
    <RequireAll>
        Require ip 192.168.1.3
    </RequireAll>
</location>
</VirtualHost>

开启php-fpm服务

[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm.service
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service

重启httpd服务

[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

2、什么是DML？常用SQL举例，每个命令至少1个例子，最多不超过3个例子

DML

DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE
插入数据
INSERT INTO tb_name() VALUE|VALUES ()|(),();

MariaDB [mydb]> INSERT INTO my_tb(name,gender) VALUES ('jason','M'),('vivian','F'),('jenson','M');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM my_tb;
+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+
| 1 | jason | M |
| 2 | vivian | F |
| 3 | jenson | M |
+----+--------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

替换插入数据
REPLACE INTO tb_name() VALUE|VALUES ()|(),();
查看
顺序：FROM-WHERE-GROUP BY-HAVING-ORDER BY-SELECT-LIMIT
查看所有
SELECT * FROM tb_name;

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM my_tb;
+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+
| 1 | jason | M |
| 2 | vivian | F |
| 3 | jenson | M |
+----+--------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

AS 别名

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT id,name,gender AS sex FROM my_tb;
+----+--------+------+
| id | name | sex |
+----+--------+------+
| 1 | jason | M |
| 2 | vivian | F |
| 3 | jenson | M |
+----+--------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看WHERE条件取行
col_name 操作符 value
BETWEEN A AND B
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
IN (1,2,3)
LIKE 'd%'
RLIKE '^D'

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT id,name,gender FROM my_tb WHERE gender IS NOT NULL;
+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+
| 1 | jason | M |
| 2 | vivian | F |
| 3 | jenson | M |
+----+--------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT id,name,gender FROM my_tb WHERE gender='F';
+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+
| 2 | vivian | F |
+----+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT id,name,gender FROM my_tb WHERE name LIKE '%an%';
+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+
| 2 | vivian | F |
+----+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT id,name,gender FROM my_tb WHERE name RLIKE 'an';
+----+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender |
+----+--------+--------+
| 2 | vivian | F |
+----+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

GROUP BY分组，HAVING 分组后过滤
ORDER BY 排序，LIMIT 只取前n行
聚合函数 count() sum(),avg(),max() min()

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT gender,count(*) AS count FROM my_tb GROUP BY gender HAVING count=1 ORDER BY count LIMIT 1;
+--------+-------+
| gender | count |
+--------+-------+
| F | 1 |
+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT gender,count(*),sum(score),avg(score),max(score),min(score) FROM my_tb GROUP BY gender;
+--------+----------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| gender | count(*) | sum(score) | avg(score) | max(score) | min(score) |
+--------+----------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| M | 2 | 170 | 85.0000 | 100 | 70 |
| F | 1 | 80 | 80.0000 | 80 | 80 |
+--------+----------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除行
DELETE FROM tb_name WHERE
修改行
UPDATE col_name SET col_name=value WHERE

MariaDB [mydb]> DELETE FROM my_tb WHERE id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM my_tb;
+----+--------+--------+-------+
| id | name | gender | score |
+----+--------+--------+-------+
| 1 | jason | M | 70 |
| 2 | vivian | F | 80 |
+----+--------+--------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mydb]> UPDATE my_tb SET score=90 WHERE id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM my_tb;
+----+--------+--------+-------+
| id | name | gender | score |
+----+--------+--------+-------+
| 1 | jason | M | 70 |
| 2 | vivian | F | 90 |
+----+--------+--------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、简述ftp的主动和被动模式，并实现基于pam认证的vsftpd

数据连接两种模式：
- 主动模式：PORT，服务端20号端口请求客户端的命令端口+1
- 被动模式：PASV，服务端通知客户端，客户端请求服务端的随机端口

虚拟用户配置

pam_mysql 编译安装
yum -y install mariadb-devel pam-devel
./configure --with-mysql=/usr --with-pam=/usr --with-pam-mods-dir=/usr/lib64/security/
make&&make install
配置文件
- 开启guest_enable来宾用户
- 开启guest_username=user
mysql授权用户
新建/etc/pam.d/vsftpd.user
可以通过user_config_dir=...对每个用户分别配置权限

4、简述NFS服务原理及配置

nfs

network file system
内核nfs模块
使用rpc，远程过程调用，充当端口中介
可以使用集中用户认证：nis，ldap
来宾账号：nfsnobody
是一种共享存储，可以多客户端访问一个服务端
四个服务
- 1.rpcbind端口注册
- 2.rpc.mountd 认证
- 3.rpc.locked 加锁
- 4.rpc.statd 状态
启动nfs.service 可以开启其他服务，2049的tcp端口，rpcbind是111端口
查看模块 lsmod|grep nfs

服务端安装并启动服务

yum -y install nfs-utils
systemctl start nfs.service
systemctl enable nfs.service
修改固定端口：/etc/sysconfig/nfs

[root@center ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@center ~]# systemctl start nfs.service
[root@center ~]# systemctl enable nfs.service

发布目录

修改/etc/exports
格式：/PATH clients1(options1,option2) client2(options)
默认option是：ro,async,root_squash
root_squash是将root压缩nfsnobody
可以将文件变为all_squash或anonuid= anongid=
修改后要exportfs -rav重新加载

[root@center ~]# cat /etc/exports
/home/xlc/ftp 192.168.1.0/24(rw,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)
[root@center ~]# exportfs -rav
exporting 192.168.1.0/24:/home/xlc/ftp

客户端操作

yum安装nfs-utils
showmount -e ip 查看有哪些目录
mount -t nfs 源目的可以挂载
挂载到/etc/fstab里，要使用nfs格式挂载，建议使用/etc/rc.local挂载
可以指定挂载选项rsize wsize
使用完后可以关闭rpc-statd和rpcbind服务

[root@python ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@python ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.9
Export list for 192.168.1.9:
/home/xlc/ftp 192.168.1.0/24
[root@python ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.9:/home/xlc/ftp /mnt
[root@python ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 119G 2.0G 117G 2% /
devtmpfs 234M 0 234M 0% /dev
tmpfs 244M 0 244M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 244M 4.5M 240M 2% /run
tmpfs 244M 0 244M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 124M 73M 64% /boot
tmpfs 49M 0 49M 0% /run/user/1000
192.168.1.9:/home/xlc/ftp 119G 2.0G 117G 2% /mnt
[root@python ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@python mnt]# touch abc.txt
[root@python mnt]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 xlc xlc 0 Aug 6 22:22 abc.txt
[root@python ~]# systemctl stop rpc-statd
[root@python ~]# systemctl stop rpcbind

5、简述samba服务，并实现samba配置

samba

实现跨文件系统共享服务
smb服务：service message block，实现cifs协议（common internet file system）
windows需要netbios服务实现主机名解析
主程序：nmbd：实现netbios服务
smbd：实现smb/cifs协议共享

安装

客户端：samba-client
服务端：samba
启动：nmb smb
配置文件：/etc/samba/smb.conf
端口：137 138的udp，139 445的tcp
客户端安装并挂载

[root@python ~]# yum -y install samba-client
[root@python ~]# mount -t cifs -o username=xuluchuan,password=123456 //192.168.1.3:/samba /mnt

服务端配置文件
网络段：interfaces固定网卡，hosts allow允许白名单
共享段：默认允许所有samba用户访问家目录

[root@center samba]# grep -Ev ";|^#|^$" smb.conf|grep -Ev "^[[:space:]]+#"
[global]
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        server string = Samba Server Version %v
        interfaces = lo enp0s3
        hosts allow = 127. 192.168.1.
        log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
        max log size = 50
        security = user
        passdb backend = tdbsam
        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw
[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        browseable = no
        writable = yes
[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/spool/samba
        browseable = no
        guest ok = no
        writable = no
        printable = yes

给普通用户添加为samba用户

[root@center samba]# smbpasswd -a xlc
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user xlc.

启动服务

[root@center samba]# systemctl start nmb.service
[root@center samba]# systemctl start smb.service
[root@center samba]# systemctl enable nmb.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nmb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service.
[root@center samba]# systemctl enable smb.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service.

使用smbclient查看共享状态

[root@python ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.9 -U xlc
Enter SAMBA\xlc's password:

        Sharename Type Comment
        --------- ---- -------
        IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.7.1)
        xlc Disk Home Directories
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

        Server Comment
        --------- -------

        Workgroup Master
        --------- -------
        MYGROUP CENTER

使用smbclient登录查看

[root@python ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.9/xlc -U xlc
Enter SAMBA\xlc's password:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
  . DR 0 Sun Aug 5 23:58:19 2018
  .. D 0 Mon Jul 23 00:48:20 2018
  .bash_logout H 18 Wed Apr 11 08:53:01 2018
  .bash_profile H 193 Wed Apr 11 08:53:01 2018
  .bashrc H 231 Wed Apr 11 08:53:01 2018
  .bash_history H 1954 Mon Aug 6 00:02:31 2018
  .ssh DH 0 Sun Aug 5 14:09:49 2018
  .vimrc H 101 Sun Aug 5 13:48:14 2018
  fenfa.sh N 520 Sun Aug 5 14:30:13 2018
  .viminfo H 5926 Sun Aug 5 14:30:13 2018
  ftp D 0 Mon Aug 6 22:24:18 2018

                124513896 blocks of size 1024. 122451668 blocks available
smb: \> exit

windows使用win+r \192.168.1.9\xlc查看
共享目录
[shared_fs]：共享名
comment：注释信息
path：共享路径
browseable：能否浏览
guest ok：是否允许来宾用户
public：是否公开
writeable：是否可写
read only：是否只读
write list：可写用户名或组名
使用testparm检查配置文件

[root@center samba]# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[ftp]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions

# Global parameters
[global]
        interfaces = lo enp0s3
        log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
        max log size = 50
        security = USER
        server string = Samba Server Version %v
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        idmap config * : backend = tdb
        cups options = raw
        hosts allow = 127. 192.168.1.


[ftp]
        browseable = No
        comment = ftp files
        path = /home/xlc/ftp
        write list = xlc
[root@center samba]# systemctl restart nmb.service smb.service

客户端挂载

mount -t cifs -o username=xlc,password=123456 //192.168.1.9:/ftp /mnt

查看samba用户

[root@center samba]# pdbedit -L
xlc:1000:

查看服务信息

[root@center samba]# smbstatus

Samba version 4.7.1
PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version Encryption Signing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12210 xlc xlc 192.168.1.3 (ipv4:192.168.1.3:49992) SMB2_10 - -      

Service pid Machine Connected at Encryption Signing
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IPC$ 12210 192.168.1.3 Tue Aug 7 07:12:18 PM 2018 CST - -
ftp 12210 192.168.1.3 Tue Aug 7 07:12:17 PM 2018 CST - -

Locked files:
Pid Uid DenyMode Access R/W Oplock SharePath Name Time
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12210 1000 DENY_ALL 0x100080 RDONLY NONE /home/xlc/ftp . Tue Aug 7 19:12:17 2018
12210 1000 DENY_NONE 0x100081 RDONLY NONE /home/xlc/ftp . Tue Aug 7 19:12:17 2018

posted @ 2018-08-08 22:27 徐鲁川阅读(136) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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php-fpm sql ftp nfs samba

1、搭建php-fpm工作方式的LAMP环境，实现wordpress正常访问

安装php-fpm

配置文件

2、什么是DML？常用SQL举例，每个命令至少1个例子，最多不超过3个例子

DML

3、简述ftp的主动和被动模式，并实现基于pam认证的vsftpd

虚拟用户配置

4、简述NFS服务原理及配置

nfs

服务端安装并启动服务

发布目录

客户端操作

5、简述samba服务，并实现samba配置

samba

安装

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