关于SQL Server 数据库归档的一些思考和改进
一.需求背景
SQL Server开源的归档工具不多，DBA一般都是通过计划任务来触发执行，执行的脚本多是SP或者是SSIS包。SSIS包的性能稍好一些，但是维护更新成本高些。所以更常见的是通过SP脚本来实现归档操作。
当数据库规模较小时，可以方便的直接在数据库上进行脚本的编写部署。但是随着数据库越来越多，管理维护成本就会越来越大，越来越不方便。现在我们实行的方式是通过中央管理器来管理众多的数据库备份（这是在拥有专门的备份程序前的一个过渡方案）。我们将归档基础配置信息、归档运行历史记录、异常报错等数据统一维护在中央数据库上。如此,可以方便统一的查看、管理和维护。
二.主要架构
三.主要关联表
2.1 归档基础配置表
表字段含义，请耐心查看字段说明。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [IP] [varchar](50) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](50) NULL, [DataTable] [varchar](50) NULL, [TargetIP] [varchar](50) NULL, [TargetDB] [varchar](50) NULL, [TargetTable] [varchar](50) NULL, [Prerequisite] [varchar](300) NULL, [DelMaxQTY] [int] NULL, [IsCheckOrderID] [int] NULL, [SP_Name] [int] NULL, [StartTime] [datetime] NULL, [EndTime] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Server IP(数据位于中央管理器中，所以归档数据库库所在的IP要维护，可维修虚拟的IP)' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'IP' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'要归档的数据库' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DBName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'要归档的表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DataTable' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的IP' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetIP' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的数据库' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetDB' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetTable' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'归档条件' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Prerequisite' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'循环中一次归档删除的数据量' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DelMaxQTY' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为 备用字段，考虑可能有些表，会和其他表关联' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'IsCheckOrderID' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'为提高并发度，一个DB对应的归档SP可能是多个，通过此列，进行分组。' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'SP_Name' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为拓展字段，原计划根据 开始时间、结束时间，每天可以多个时间段内执行' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'StartTime' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为拓展字段，原计划根据 开始时间、结束时间，每天可以多个时间段内执行' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EndTime' GO
2.2 归档运行的Log表
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveLog]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [IP] [varchar](30) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](30) NULL, [DataTable] [varchar](80) NULL, [BakQTY] [varchar](30) NULL, [BakStartDate] [datetime] NULL, [BakEndDate] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO
2.3 异常错误信息表
执行的过程中会外包一层 try...catch,将操作过程中的错误信息保存在表 DBData_ArchiveErrLog。表结构如下：
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveErrLog]( [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [IP] [varchar](30) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](60) NULL, [DataTable] [varchar](80) NULL, [TargetIP] [varchar](30) NULL, [TargetDB] [varchar](60) NULL, [TargetTable] [varchar](80) NULL, [Errormsg] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [TransDateTime] [varchar](30) NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY] GO
四. 存储过程相应的主要代码
SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO -- ============================================= -- Author: <Author,,Name> -- Create date: <Create Date,,> -- Description: <Description,,> -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_XXXXX_DataArchive] AS SET NOCOUNT ON; DECLARE @sql1 VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @sql2 VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @IP VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @DBName VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @DataTable VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @TargetIP VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @TargetDB VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @TargetTable VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @Prerequisite VARCHAR(MAX) DECLARE @DelMaxQTY INT DECLARE @StartTime DATETIME DECLARE @EndTime DATETIME DECLARE @qty INT DECLARE @ISCHECKORDERID INT ----Carson 2018-12-17 备份数据的时间往往比删除的时间长3倍,因此,如果考虑将备份的操作转移到辅助库,将会对线上的操作影响降至更低 DECLARE @BakDateIP VARCHAR(30) set @BakDateIP='[XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX].'-------后面一定要有一个点 --------------------------------------------------归档操作--------------------------------- DECLARE DBName CURSOR FOR SELECT IP , DBName , DataTable , TargetIP , TargetDB , TargetTable , Prerequisite , DelMaxQTY , ISCHECKORDERID , StartTime , EndTime FROM [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig] WHERE DataTable <> '' AND TargetTable <> '' AND DBNAME = 'XXXXXXXXX' and SP_Name='?????' OPEN DBName FETCH NEXT FROM DBName INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB, @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY, @ISCHECKORDERID, @StartTime, @EndTime WHILE ( @@fetch_status = 0 ) BEGIN DECLARE @datetime DATETIME IF @ISCHECKORDERID <> '1' AND @DataTable <> '' BEGIN SET @datetime = CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE() - 30, 120) SET @sql = 'Insert into [' + @TargetIP + '].' + @TargetDB + '.' + 'dbo.' + @TargetTable + ' select * FROM ' + @BakDateIP + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' with(nolock) where ' + @Prerequisite + '' SET @sql1 = 'DECLARE @icount INTEGER SELECT @icount = COUNT(1) FROM ' + @BakDateIP + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' where ' + @Prerequisite + ' insert into [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].dbo.DBData_ArchiveLog (IP, DBName, DataTable, BakQTY, BakStartDate, BakEndDate) select ''' + @IP + ''',''' + @DBName + ''',''' + @DataTable + ''',@icount,getdate(),null WHILE @icount > 0 BEGIN DELETE TOP (' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' where ' + @Prerequisite + ' SET @icount = @icount -(' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') WAITFOR DELAY ''00:00:01'' END ' BEGIN TRY EXEC (@sql) EXEC (@sql1) END TRY BEGIN CATCH DECLARE @Errmsg AS nvarchar(MAX) SELECT @Errmsg=ERROR_MESSAGE() ------0001 BEGIN SAVE ERR LOG IN TABLE INSERT INTO [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].DBData_ArchiveErrLog ([IP] ,[DBName],[DataTable],[TargetIP],[TargetDB],[TargetTable],[Errormsg] ,[TransDateTime]) VALUES(@IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB, @TargetTable,@Errmsg,convert(VARCHAR(25),GETDATE(), 120)) ------0001 END -------------0002 BEGIN SEND EMAIL MESSAGE---------------- DECLARE @Subject AS nvarchar(200) DECLARE @Body AS nvarchar(MAX) DECLARE @SPName AS nvarchar(MAX) SET @Subject = '数据库归档异常 -重要!;ServerIP:' + @IP + ' DB:' + @DBName SET @SPName = '' SET @Body = '<html><body>Dear All,<br> <br> ServerIP:' +@IP + ' ; DataBase:' + @DBName+ '上的Table归档异常,请及时检查!!! <br> You can get detail information from the table. <br><br><table border=1 bgcolor=#aaff11>' SET @Body = @Body+ '<tr bgcolor=#ff3311><td>ServerIP</td><td>DBName</td><td>TableName</td><td>TargetIP</td><td>TargetDB</td><td>Errmsg</td><td>TransDateTime</td></tr>' SELECT @SPName = @SPName + '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>'+ CAST(@IP AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>' + CAST(@DBName AS NVARCHAR(50)) + '</td><td>'+CAST(@DataTable AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td> <td>'+ CAST(@TargetIP AS NVARCHAR(20))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@TargetDB AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ SUBSTRING(@Errmsg,1, 100)+ '</td><td>'+ CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21)+ '</td></tr>' SET @Body = @Body + @SPName + '</table>' SET @BODY=REPLACE(@BODY,'''','') IF REPLACE(@BODY,' ','')<>'' BEGIN DECLARE @AllEmailToAddress varchar(3000)='' DECLARE @AllEmailCcAddress varchar(3000)='' DECLARE @Allprofile_name varchar(100)='' SELECT @AllEmailToAddress='' SELECT @AllEmailCcAddress='' SELECT TOP 1 @Allprofile_name=NAME FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile ORDER BY profile_id EXEC msdb..sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = @Allprofile_name -- profile 名称 ,@recipients = @AllEmailToAddress -- 收件人邮箱 ,@copy_recipients=@AllEmailCcAddress ,@subject = @Subject -- 邮件标题 ,@body = @BODY -- 邮件内容 ,@body_format = 'HTML' -- 邮件格式 ,@file_attachments='' ,@Importance = 'High' END ------------- 0002 end ------------ END CATCH END FETCH NEXT FROM DBName INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB, @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY, @ISCHECKORDERID, @StartTime, @EndTime END CLOSE DBName DEALLOCATE DBName DECLARE DELETETABLE CURSOR FOR SELECT IP , DBName , DataTable , TargetTable , Prerequisite , DelMaxQTY FROM [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig] WHERE DataTable <> '' AND TargetTable = '' AND DBNAME = 'XXXXXXXXX' and SP_Name='????' OPEN DELETETABLE FETCH NEXT FROM DELETETABLE INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY WHILE ( @@fetch_status = 0 ) BEGIN SET @sql1 = 'DECLARE @icount INTEGER SELECT @icount = COUNT(1) FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' where ' + @Prerequisite + ' WHILE @icount > 0 BEGIN DELETE TOP (' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + ' where ' + @Prerequisite + ' SET @icount = @icount -(' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ') WAITFOR DELAY ''00:00:01'' END ' PRINT @sql1 EXEC (@sql1) FETCH NEXT FROM DELETETABLE INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable,@TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY END CLOSE DELETETABLE DEALLOCATE DELETETABLE GO
五.补充数据
1.数据库归档，一般都是先将当前库的历史数据归档到历史库，再将当前库的历史数据删除。这两个阶段，一般是前者耗时较多（一般都在2:1以上），虽然可以在select 过程加上nolock，但是或者I/O或者网络等原因，其实这个阶段对应用程序的影响还是比较大的。所以，建议将这两个阶段物理分开，即如果有配置AlwaysOn，请将第一个阶段在辅助数据库中执行。上面的SP示例，就是通过参数 @BakDateIP 来实现了这一作用。
2.存储过程中包含了try...catch，所以运行此sp就会很少报错，某一个表的异常不会相互影响。例如，我们常见的当前库、历史库由于表结构变更而导致的不一致，此情况出现后，try..catch可以捕捉到异常，将异常记录在档，并将此信息以邮件的形式发送给指定人，但整个SP不会执行失败。并且还会跳过这一个异常，继续执行下一个备份归档表的归档。
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