英语音标发音

• Consonants 辅音
• /f/ 
• f, ff (regular)
• fat, left;
  
• stiff, offer, affair
  
• ph (regular)
• physical, photo, sphere
  
• gh
• laugh, cough, rough, tough, enough
  
• /v/ 
• v (regular)
• vain, over, review
  
• f, ph (in a few words)
• of, nephew
  
• /θ/
• th
• thief, thought, method, thick
  
• ths [θs] (短元音或辅音后) 
• deaths, months, depths
  
• /ð/
• th (通常在代词、连词、介词及冠词中出现)
• they, their, the, that, than, though, with
  
• -the
• breathe, clothe
  
• -ths [ðz] (长元音或双元音后)
• truths, mouths, baths
  
• 但是[θs] 如果有字母 r
• births, fourths
  
• /s/
• s, ss (usual)
• soap, escape; pass, miss
  
• c (before e, i, y)
• piece, concert, city, pencil, cycle, bicycle
  
• sc (before i, e)
• science, scene
  
• x [ks]
• box, fix, exercise, exhibition
  
• /z/
• s (两个元音之间)
• desire, music, design
  
• s (在元音与不发音的 e 之间)
• rise, these, nose
  
• z, zz
• zoo; buzz, dizzy
  
• x [gz] 在重读元音前
• exact, example, examine, exhaust
  
• /ʃ/
• sh (regular)
• ship, wash
  
• -tia-, -tie-, -tio-
• partial, initial, patient, nation
  
• -cia-, -cie-, -cio-
• social, sufficient, conscious
  
• -sion [ʃən] (非重读在辅音字母之后)
• pension, discussion, omission
  
• s or ss (before u)
• sure, assure, sugar
  
• /ʒ/ 
• -sure or –zure [ʒə] 非重读音节
• leisure, treasure, seizure
  
• -sion [ʒən] 非重读元音字母后
• decision, confusion, occasion
  
• -ge 法语外来词中
• garage, prestige, rouge
  
• /h/
• h (regular)
• heat, hot
  
• wh- (before o)
• who, whom, whole
  
• /p/
• p (regular)
• peace, pen, top
  
• /b/ 
• b (regular)
• bed, book, club
  
• 在字母 t 之前不发音
• debt, doubt, subtle
  
• 在单词结尾并在字母 m 之后不发音
• comb, lamb, tomb, climb
  
• /t/ 
• t, tt (regular)
• taught, better, bottle
  
• -ed
• wrapped, walked, laughed
  
• 字母 t 在“stle”“sten”中不发音
• castle, whistle, listen, fasten
  
• /d/
• d, dd (regular)
• do, dear, ladder, odd
  
• -ed
• tired, played, cleaned, robbed
  
• /k/
• c, cc (except before e, i or y) 
• can, corn, cure, accord
  
• k, ck (regular) 
• cake, king, back, clock
  
• ch (before r or after s)
• Christmas, school, scheme
  
• qu, -que
• liquor, mosquito, unique
  
• qu [kw]
• quiet, quick, question
  
• /g/
• g, gg
• get, bigger
  
• gu, -gue
• guide, guard, dialogue, league
  
• -gu- [gw] (in the middle of words)
• language, distinguish, linguistics
  
• gh
• ghost, ghastly
  
• /tʃ/
• ch, tch (usual)
• church, chair, match, watch
  
• t+ure, t+eous
• nature, picture, righteous
  
• t+ion (after s)
• question, suggestion
  
• / dʒ/
• j (regular)
• just, joke
  
• g (usual, before i, e and y)
• gentle, age, giant, gymnastic
  
• dg(e)
• ridge, edge, judge
  
• /tr/
• tr
• tree, trick, true
  
• /dr/
• dr
• drop, drip
  
• /ts/
• -ts, -tes
• lets, fists, bites, classmates
  
• /dz/
• -ds, -des
• beds, spades, spends, divedes
  
• /m/ 
• m, mm (regular)
• meat, summer
  
• -mn (n is silent when final after m)
• autumn, solemn
  
• -mb (b is silent when final after m) 
• lamb, thumb, climb
  
• /n/
• n, nn (regular) 
• night, sunny, funny
  
• kn (k is silent when initial before n) 
• know, knife, kneel
  
• gn
• sign, design
  
• /ŋ/
• -ng 
• sing, spring
  
• n (before [k] or [g] ) 
• sink, anger, uncle
  
• /l/
• l, ll (regular) 
• light, bell
  
• 字母 l 在很多单词里不发音 
• talk, walk, half, would, should, folk
  
• /r/
• r (仅在元音前)
• red, bread, very, spirit
  
• rh- (h is silent) 
• rhyme, rhythm, rhythmical
  
• wr- (w is silent) 
• write, wrong
  
• Semi-Vowels 半元音
• /j/
• y 
• yes, yield
  
• i, e (before [ə] ) 
• opinion, companion
  
• [ju:] is frequently spelt with u, ue, ui, ew, eu and eau 
• unit, due, suit, few, feudal, beauty
  
• /w/
• w (regular) 
• week, swim
  
• wh (before vowel letters except o) 
• when, which, what, why
  
• qu [kw] 
• quick, quality
  
• -gu- [gw] 
• language, distinguish
  
• 字母 w 在一些单词中不发音 
• write, two, answer, sword
  
• Vowels 元音
• /i:/
• ee
• tree, cheese, green, sweet
  
• ea
• leave, reason, seat
  
• e (in stressed open syllable)
• be, these
  
• ie (before a consonant)
• piece, field, niece
  
• ei, ey
• seize, receive, key
  
• /i/
• i, y
• sit, stick, begin, symbol, city
  
• e
• pretty needed, except, careless, houses
  
• ai, ay, ey
• mountain, portrait, valley, money
  
• a (in unstressed syllables)
• village, private
  
• /e/
• e (in stressed closed syllables) 
• set, send
  
• ea 
• dead, bread, spread
  
• a 
• many, any
  
• /æ /
• a (in stressed closed syllables) 
• sat, hand, marry
  
• ai 
• plait, plaid
  
• /ɑː/
• a before lf, lv, lm 
• half, calves, calm, palm
  
• a before ff, ft, nc, ns, nt, sk, sp, ss, st and th
• staff, after, dance, answer, cant, ask, grasp, grass,last, father
  
• ar
• car, march
  
• ear
• heart
  
• au
• aunt, laugh
  
• /ɔ/
• o
• often, lost, cost, cloth, cross, off
  
• a after w 
• swamp, want, wander, watch (but before [g, k, ŋ] ais [æ ], wag, wax)
  
• au 
• because, cauliflower, sausage
  
• ou, ow 
• cough, knowledge
  
• /ɔː/
• al (before a consonant)
• talk, walk, false
  
• au, aw 
• fault, cause, saw, lawn
  
• ough, augh 
• bought, fought, taught, daughter
  
• or, ore (when final) 
• corn, horse, more, shore, before
  
• /u/
• u
• bush, push, full
  
• oo
• before [k] → book, took, look, cook, brook
  
• in single words → foot, good, hood, stood, wood
  
• oul
• could, should, would
  
• o (sometimes)
• woman, bosom, wolf
  
• /u:/
• oo 
• cool, food, goose, loose, tooth
  
• u 
• rule, rude, June
  
• o 
• do, who, lose
  
• ou
• group, soup, wound
  
• ew, ue, ui, oe 
• chew, true, blue, juice, shoe
  
• u in the ending –ude, -ute
• institute, attitude
  
• /ʌ/
• u 
• hurry, punish
  
• o (before m, n, v, th) 
• front, wonder, company, love, glove, nothing, among
  
• ou 
• touch, young, couple, courage, southern
  
• oo (sometimes) 
• blood, flood
  
• /ɜː/
• er, ir and ur (when final orbefore a consonant) 
• birth, girl, serve, term, nurse, turn, stir, prefer, occur
  
• ear (before a consonant) 
• earth, heard, learn, earnest
  
• w + or (before a consonant) 
• work, world, worst, worship
  
• our (a few words) 
• journey, journal
  
• /ə/
• a, ar 
• about, China, forward, collar
  
• e, er 
• pavement, modern, better
  
• i 
• horrible, possible
  
• o, or, oar, ou, -our 
• method, Europe, effort, doctor, famous, cupboard, colour
  
• u, -ure 
• column, support, figure, nature
  
• -re 
• centre, metre
  
• /eɪ/
• a 
• late, make, waste
  
• ai, ay 
• rain, waist, day, may
  
• ea, ey, eigh 
• great, break, they, grey, eight, neighbor
  
• /aɪ/
• i, y 
• time, write, child, wild, kind, behind, cry, try. type
  
• igh
• high, light, fight
  
• ie, ye 
• die, tie, lie, dye, goodbye
  
• ei 
• either, neither
  
• /ɔɪ/
• oi, oy
• boy, toy, noise, voice, boil, point
  
• /əʊ/ 
• o
• go, note, both
  
• o before the endings -ll, -ld,-lt, -lk and -st
• roll, stroll, old, cold, colt, folk, most, host (but lost, cost and frosthave [ɔ])
  
• oa, oe 
• road, toast, soap, coat, hoe, toe (but shoe, canoe have [u:])
  
• ou, ow (esp. before l orfinally) 
• bowl, soul, mould, shoulder, grow, slow, crow, show
  
• /aʊ/ 
• ou, ow
• loud, house, fountain, town
  
• /ɪə/ 
• eer, ear, ere 
• deer, peer, volunteer, dear, tear, here, mere, severe
  
• ier
• fierce, pierce
  
• /eə/
• are
• care, dare, square, declare
  
• air 
• fair, hair, pair, affair
  
• ear
• bear, pear, wear
  
• ere 
• there, where (but final -ere is normally [ɪə] here, severe)
  
• / ʊə/
• oor
• poor, moor
  
• ure
• sure, pure
  
• ur (before a vowel)
• curious, insurance, durable, rural
  
• our (French origin)
• tour, gourd