forms组件
forms组件
1 校验字段功能
针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。
模型：models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
模板文件
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div> <label for="user">用户名</label> <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p> </div> <div> <label for="pwd">密码</label> <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p> </div> <div> <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label> <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p> </div> <div> <label for="email">邮箱</label> <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p> </div> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
视图函数
# forms组件 from django import forms from django.forms import widgets wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) class UserForm(forms.Form): name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01 ) pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01) tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01) def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值 else: print(form.cleaned_data) # print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",] return HttpResponse("OK") form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
2 渲染标签功能
渲染页面方式一
<h1>渲染页面方式一</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate> <p>{{ form_obj.name.label }}：{{ form_obj.name }} <span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.name.errors.0 }}</span></p> <p>密码：{{ form_obj.pwd }}<span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p> <p>确认密码：{{ form_obj.re_pwd }}<span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.re_pwd.errors.0 }}{{ errors }}</span></p> <p>邮箱{{ form_obj.email }}<span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.email.errors.0 }}</span></p> <input type="submit"> </form>
渲染页面方式二
<form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% for foo in form_obj %} <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}<span class="pull-right">{{ foo.errors }}</span></div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit">
渲染页面方式三
<form action="" method="post"> {{ form_obj.as_p }} </form>
3 渲染错误信息功能（错误信息返回到前台）
视图层
from django import forms class RegForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(required=True, max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名', error_messages= {'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}) pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='密码') re_pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='确认密码') email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'invalid': '不符合邮箱格式'})
模板层
<h1>渲染页面方式一</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate> <p>{{ form_obj.name.label }}：{{ form_obj.name }} <span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.name.errors.0 }}</span></p> <p>密码：{{ form_obj.pwd }}<span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p> <p>确认密码：{{ form_obj.re_pwd }}<span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.re_pwd.errors.0 }}{{ errors }}</span></p> <p>邮箱{{ form_obj.email }}<span class="pull-right">{{ form_obj.email.errors.0 }}</span></p> <input type="submit"> </form> <hr> <h1>渲染页面方式二</h1> <form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% for foo in form_obj %} <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}<span class="pull-right">{{ foo.errors }}</span></div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit">
4 组件的参数配置
给前端的标签添加属性
视图层
from django.forms import widgets class RegForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(required=True, max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名', error_messages= {'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'}) ) pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) re_pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='确认密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) # xx = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='确认密码',widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()) email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'invalid': '不符合邮箱格式'},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'}))
5 局部钩子 自定义校验规则
6 全局钩子 自定义校验规则
视图层
from django import forms from django.forms import widgets from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class RegForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(required=True, max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名', error_messages= {'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'}) ) pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) re_pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='确认密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) # xx = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='确认密码',widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()) email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'invalid': '不符合邮箱格式'},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) # 局部钩子（多了一个我自己写校验规则的方式) # def clean_pwd(self): 固定这种格式 def clean_name(self): name=self.cleaned_data.get('name') user=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=name).first() if user: raise ValidationError('用户已经存在') else: if name.startswith('sb'): raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头') return name # 全局钩子 校验两次密码是否一致 def clean(self): pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd') re_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd') if pwd and re_pwd: if pwd==re_pwd: return self.cleaned_data else: raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
