python 收发邮件 学习笔记

导包并进行连接收信箱服务：

class IMAP:
    def __init__(self, user_id, password, imap_server):
        self.user_id = user_id  # 邮箱地址
        self.password = password
        self.imap_server = imap_server

        try:
            serv = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.imap_server)  # SSL加密
            print('imap4 服务器连接成功')
            try:
                serv.login(self.user_id, self.password)
                print('imap4 登录成功')
            except Exception as e:
                print('imap4 登录失败：', e)
        except Exception as e:
            print('imap4 服务器连接失败:', e)

        self.serv = serv

收取邮件，可选多种条件（'ALL','UNSEEN','(SINCE"15-jun-2022")'）

    def get_content(self):
        # select 可以选择收信或者发信箱
        self.serv.select()
        ret, data = self.serv.search(None, 'UNSEEN')  # 未读邮件
        # 邮件列表
        email_list = data[0].split()    
　　　　　

if len(email_list) == 0:
    pass
    # exit(1)
# 获取最后一封邮件的序号
item = email_list  # [len(email_list) - 1]
data_list = []
txt_data_List = []
for item in item:
    data_dic = {}
    # 获取最后一封邮件内容
    ret, data = self.serv.fetch(item, '(RFC822)')

    msg = email.message_from_string(data[0][1].decode('utf-8'))
    sub = msg.get('subject')
    email_from = msg.get('from')
    email_to = msg.get('to')
    sub_text = email.header.decode_header(sub)
    email_from_text = email.header.decode_header(email_from)
    email_to_text = email.header.decode_header(email_to)
    date = email.header.decode_header(msg.get('date'))

    format_time = time_format(date[0][0], '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S  +0800', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    # print(type(date[0][0]), '时间：', format_time)
    # 如果是特殊字符，元组的第二位会给出编码格式，需要转码
    if sub_text[0]:
        sub_detail = self.tuple_to_str(sub_text[0])
    email_from_detail = ''
    for i in range(len(email_from_text)):
        email_from_detail = email_from_detail + self.tuple_to_str(email_from_text[i])
    email_to_detail = ''
    for i in range(len(email_to_text)):
        email_to_detail = email_to_detail + self.tuple_to_str(email_to_text[i])
    data1 = ''
    for i in range(len(date)):
        data1 = data1 + self.tuple_to_str(date[i])
    data_dic['主题'] = sub_detail
    data_dic['发件人'] = email_from_detail
    data_dic['收件人'] = email_to_detail
    data_dic['时间'] = format_time
    attach = []

    count = 0
    for part in msg.walk():
        if not part.is_multipart():
            content_type = part.get_content_type()
            name = part.get_filename()
            if name:
                trans_name = email.header.decode_header(name)
                if trans_name[0][1]:
                    file_name = trans_name[0][0].decode(trans_name[0][1])
                else:
                    file_name = trans_name[0][0]
                print('开始下载附件:', file_name)
                attach_data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
                try:
                    f = open('donwload/' + file_name, 'wb')
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
                    f = open('tmp', 'wb')
                f.write(attach_data)
                f.close()
                print('附件下载成功:', file_name)
                attach.append(file_name)
            else:
                # 文本内容
                txt = part.get_payload(decode=True)
                # print(BeautifulSoup(decode_byte(txt), 'lxml'))
                # html_sup = BeautifulSoup(decode_byte(txt), 'lxml').find_all('div')
　　　　　　　　　　# 使用bs4解析 返回resultset   首先注意邮件本身发回的decode_byte（txt）是字符串，所以resultset和字符串本身可以相互转换 所以可以先将字符串进行裁剪在通过lxml解析 以解决部分不规则内容
　　　　　　　　　　# 使用css 选择器可以解决大部分选择器 
　　　　　　　　　　#resultset 有clear（） 函数 用于清理某些不需要的内容
                if content_type == 'text/html':
                    sup = BeautifulSoup(decode_byte(txt), 'lxml')

发送邮件： 首先在flask的config中加载配置

# 服务器
MAIL_SERVER = ''
#用户名
# MAIL_USERNAME ='' 
#密码
MAIL_PASSWORD = ''
# 发信人信息
MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER = ('徐健发', '421803497@qq.com')

　　

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
mail = Mail(app)
def send_mail(subject, to, html, body, attach):
　　# 创建message 对象
    message = Message(subject, recipients=[to], html=body + '<br><br><br>' + html)
    for att in attach:
        with app.open_resource(f'../{att}') as fp:
            message.attach(f"{att}", 'file/xls', fp.read())
    with app.app_context():
        mail.send(message)
        print('发送成功')