面向对象的进阶二

item系列

getitem，可以以字典键值对的形式取得值（查）

class A:
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex=sex
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.__dict__[item]
a=A('二狗',18,'男')
print(a.name)
print(a['name'])
print(a['sex'])

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
二狗
二狗
男

Process finished with exit code 0

setitem（增）

可以以键值对的形式添加

class A:
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex=sex
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.__dict__[item]
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.__dict__[key]=value

a=A('二狗',18,'男')
a['爱好']='睡觉'
print(a['爱好'])

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
睡觉

Process finished with exit code 0

delitem通过键的方式删除

class A:
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex=sex
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.__dict__[item]
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.__dict__[key]=value
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self.__dict__[key]

a=A('二狗',18,'男')
a['爱好']='睡觉'
del a['爱好']
print(a.__dict__)

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
{'name': '二狗', 'age': 18, 'sex': '男'}

Process finished with exit code 0

2  __new__方法

可以新建一个对象，其对象的属性不变，先执行new里的

 

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name=1
        print('你好')
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        print('dajiahao ')
        return object.__new__(cls)
a=A()
a1=A()
a2=A()
a3=A()
print(a.name)

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
dajiahao 
你好
dajiahao 
你好
dajiahao 
你好
dajiahao 
你好
1

这里说一个设计模式：

单例模式

从始至终操作的一直是一个对象，当后来的新对象的属性和之前一样的时候

就覆盖之前的属性，不一样的话就保留

有则覆盖，无则添加

class A:
    __in = False
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__in:
            print(cls.__in)
            return cls.__in
        cls.__in = object.__new__(cls)
        return cls.__in
a=A('二狗',18)
a1=A('狗',18)
a.sex='男'
print(a.name)
print(a1.name)
print(a1.sex)

<__main__.A object at 0x000002255E3EDD30>
狗
狗
男

Process finished with exit code 0

__eq__

,即使对象不一样只要是传的值一样，最后内存地址就一样

class A:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def __eq__(self, other):
        if self.__dict__==other.__dict__:
            return True
        else:
            return False
a=A('hh')
a1=A('gg')
print(a==a1)
a=A('hh')
a1=A('hh')
print(a==a1)
a=A('hh')
a=A('gg')
print(a==a)

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
False
True
True

Process finished with exit code 0

__hash__

class A:
    def __init__(self,name,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.sex=sex
    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(str(self.name)+str(self.sex))
a=A('二狗','男')
a1=A('大狗','女')
print(hash(a))
print(hash(a1))

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
8933739916456817652
6638030369082061954

Process finished with exit code 0

 

set依赖对象，，hash，，eq

class A:
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex
        self.age = age

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if self.name == other.name and self.sex == other.sex:
            return True
        return False

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(self.name + self.sex)
a = A('二狗','男',38)
b = A('二狗','男',37)
print(set((a,b)))  

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
{<__main__.A object at 0x00000233469AD6D8>}

Process finished with exit code 0

纸牌游戏

import json
from collections import namedtuple
card=namedtuple('card',['rank','suit'])
class A:
    ranks=[str(i) for i in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA')
    suits=['红心','方板','梅花','黑桃']
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards=[card(rank,suit) for rank in A.ranks for suit in A.suits]
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._cards)
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self._cards[item]
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self._cards[key] = value
    def __str__(self):
        return json.dumps(self._cards,ensure_ascii=False)


a=A()
print(a[10])
from random import choice
print(choice(a))
from random import shuffle
shuffle(a)
print(a[10])

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
card(rank='4', suit='梅花')
card(rank='5', suit='梅花')
card(rank='8', suit='黑桃')

Process finished with exit code 0

3   摘要算法

hashlib

 

import hashlib
md5=hashlib.md5()
md5.update(b'123')
md5=md5.hexdigest()
print(md5)

202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70

Process finished with exit code 0

加盐

import hashlib
md5=hashlib.md5(bytes('ni',encoding='utf-8'))
md5.update(b'123')
md5=md5.hexdigest()
print(md5)

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
6e17fe6b555ea6041f5e9d9f93819316

Process finished with exit code 0

动态加盐

import hashlib
md5=hashlib.md5(bytes('ni',encoding='utf-8')+b'7')
md5.update(b'123')
md5=md5.hexdigest()
print(md5)

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe C:/s9/day28/jinjie.py
39b908f762569e157bb988ea3b466698

Process finished with exit code 0

用户登录

import hashlib
usr = input('name')
password = input('password')
with open('nn') as f:
    for line in f:
        user,passwd,rr= line.split('|')
        md5 = hashlib.md5()
        md5.update(bytes(password,encoding='utf-8'))
        md5_pwd = md5.hexdigest()

        if usr == user and md5_pwd==passwd:
            print('ok')
        else:
            print('NO')

namea
password123
ok

 模块

configparser模块

生成文档

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config['AA']={'a':'1'
                ,'b':'2'
              ,'c':'3'}
config['bb']={'aa':'11','bb':'22'}
with open ('cc.ini','w')as f:
    config.write(f)

显示文件内的组名

对象名.sections（）

列表的形式显示

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config['AA']={'a':'1'
                ,'b':'2'
              ,'c':'3'}
config['bb']={'aa':'11','bb':'22'}
with open ('cc.ini','w')as f:
    config.write(f)
    
    
print(config.sections())

['AA', 'bb']

Process finished with exi

另一种情况：创建完文件，在新的页面读取

这个时候读出来的是空列表【】

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
print(config.sections())

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
[]

Process finished with exit code 0

 

先要读出，然后就可以了

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
print(config.sections())
config.read('cc.ini')
print(config.sections())

[]
['AA', 'bb']

判断一个组名在不在文件里，在返回True反之False

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
print(config.sections())
print('bb' in config)
print('bbc' in config)

['AA', 'bb']
True
False

Process finished with exit code 0

取字典里的值

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
print(config['bb']['aa'])

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
11

Process finished with exit code 0

如果没有键就会返回：

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
print(config['bb'])

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
<Section: bb>

Process finished with exit code 0

for i in的应用

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
for k in config['bb']:
    print(k)

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
aa
bb

Process finished with exit code 0

options和for循环一样，只是不同的是打印出来的键是存放在列表里的

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
print(config.options('bb'))

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
['aa', 'bb']

Process finished with exit code 0

打印键值对

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
['aa', 'bb']

Process finished with exit code 0

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
[('aa', '11'), ('bb', '22')]

Process finished with exit code 0

 

get找键对应的值

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
print(config.get('bb','aa'))
print(config.get('bb','bb'))

C:\Users\hc\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python3.exe "C:/s9/day29/mokuia .py"
11
22

Process finished with exit code 0

增

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
config.add_section('89')

删

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
config.remove_section('bb')
config.remove_option('AA','a')
config.write(open('new.ini','w'))

改

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('cc.ini')
config.set('bb','cc','33')
config.write(open('new.ini','w'))

logging，模块

灵活配置日志级别，，格式，输出位置

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format='%(asctime)s   %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d]  %(levelname)s',
                    datefmt='%a  %d   %b  %Y   %H:%M:%S',
                    filename='ll',
                    filemode='w'
                    )




logging.debug('debug  message')
logging.info('zhengchang  message')
logging.warning('warn  message')
logging.error('cuowu,  message')
logging.critical('zhongyao   message')

配置参数

logging.basicConfig()函数中可通过具体参数来更改logging模块默认行为，可用参数有：

filename：用指定的文件名创建FiledHandler，这样日志会被存储在指定的文件中。
filemode：文件打开方式，在指定了filename时使用这个参数，默认值为“a”还可指定为“w”。
format：指定handler使用的日志显示格式。
datefmt：指定日期时间格式。
level：设置rootlogger（后边会讲解具体概念）的日志级别
stream：用指定的stream创建StreamHandler。可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件(f=open(‘test.log’,’w’))，默认为sys.stderr。若同时列出了filename和stream两个参数，则stream参数会被忽略。

format参数中可能用到的格式化串：
%(name)s Logger的名字
%(levelno)s 数字形式的日志级别
%(levelname)s 文本形式的日志级别
%(pathname)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有
%(filename)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名
%(module)s 调用日志输出函数的模块名
%(funcName)s 调用日志输出函数的函数名
%(lineno)d 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行
%(created)f 当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示
%(relativeCreated)d 输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数
%(asctime)s 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒
%(thread)d 线程ID。可能没有
%(threadName)s 线程名。可能没有
%(process)d 进程ID。可能没有
%(message)s用户输出的消息

log对象配置

import logging
log=logging.getLogger()
h=logging.FileHandler('test.log',encoding='utf-8')#创建文件，写入日志
h1=logging.StreamHandler()#用于控制台的输出
formate=logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s   %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d]  %(levelname)s')
h.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
h.setFormatter(formate)
h1.setFormatter(formate)
log.addHandler(h)
log.addHandler(h1)
logging.debug('debug  message')
logging.info('zhengchang  message')
logging.warning('warn  message')
logging.error('cuowu,  message')
logging.critical('zhongyao   message')

2018-01-24 15:13:43,331   mokuia .py [line:44]  WARNING
2018-01-24 15:13:43,332   mokuia .py [line:45]  ERROR
2018-01-24 15:13:43,332   mokuia .py [line:46]  CRITICAL

Process finished with exit code 0