1.books系列表接口
# urls.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
]
# views.py
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from api.ser import BookModelSerializer
class BookAPIView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#查询单个和查询所有,合到一起
# 查所有
book_list=models.Book.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False)
book_list_ser=BookModelSerializer(book_list,many=True)
return Response(data=book_list_ser.data)
#查一个
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 具备增单条,和增多条的功能
if isinstance(request.data,dict):
book_ser=BookModelSerializer(data=request.data)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
elif isinstance(request.data,list):
#现在book_ser是ListSerializer对象
from rest_framework.serializers import ListSerializer
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(data=request.data,many=True) #增多条
print('--------',type(book_ser))
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
# 新增---》ListSerializer--》create方法
# def create(self, validated_data):
# self.child是BookModelSerializer对象
# print(type(self.child))
# return [
# self.child.create(attrs) for attrs in validated_data
# ]
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 改一个,改多个
#改一个个
if kwargs.get('pk',None):
book=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book,data=request.data,partial=True) # 增多条
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
else:
#改多个,
# 前端传递数据格式[{id:1,name:xx,price:xx},{id:1,name:xx,price:xx}]
# 处理传入的数据 对象列表[book1,book2] 修改的数据列表[{name:xx,price:xx},{name:xx,price:xx}]
book_list=[]
modify_data=[]
for item in request.data:
#{id:1,name:xx,price:xx}
pk=item.pop('id')
book=models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
book_list.append(book)
modify_data.append(item)
# 第一种方案,for循环一个一个修改
#把这个实现
# for i,si_data in enumerate(modify_data):
# book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list[i], data=si_data)
# book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# book_ser.save()
# return Response(data='成功')
# 第二种方案,重写ListSerializer的update方法
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list,data=modify_data,many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save() #ListSerializer的update方法,自己写的update方法
return Response(book_ser.data)
# request.data
#
# book_ser=BookModelSerializer(data=request.data)
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#单个删除和批量删除
pk=kwargs.get('pk')
pks=[]
if pk:
# 单条删除
pks.append(pk)
#不管单条删除还是多条删除,都用多条删除
#多条删除
# {'pks':[1,2,3]}
else:
pks=request.data.get('pks')
#把is_delete设置成true
# ret返回受影响的行数
ret=models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks,is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True)
if ret:
return Response(data={'msg':'删除成功'})
else:
return Response(data={'msg': '没有要删除的数据'})
ser.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models
#写一个类,继ListSerializer,重写update
class BookListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer):
# def create(self, validated_data):
# print(validated_data)
# return super().create(validated_data)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
print(instance)
print(validated_data)
# 保存数据
# self.child:是BookModelSerializer对象
# ll=[]
# for i,si_data in enumerate(validated_data):
# ret=self.child.update(instance[i],si_data)
# ll.append(ret)
# return ll
return [
# self.child.update(对象,字典) for attrs in validated_data
self.child.update(instance[i],attrs) for i,attrs in enumerate(validated_data)
]
#如果序列化的是数据库的表,尽量用ModelSerializer
class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 一种方案(只序列化可以,反序列化有问题)
# publish=serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
# 第二种方案,models中写方法
class Meta:
list_serializer_class=BookListSerializer
model=models.Book
# fields='__all__'
# 用的少
# depth=0
fields = ('name','price','authors','publish','publish_name','author_list')
extra_kwargs={
'publish':{'write_only':True},
'publish_name':{'read_only':True},
'authors':{'write_only':True},
'author_list':{'read_only':True}
}
# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class BaseModel(models.Model):
is_delete=models.BooleanField(default=False)
# auto_now_add=True 只要记录创建,不需要手动插入时间,自动把当前时间插入
create_time=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# auto_now=True,只要更新,就会把当前时间插入
last_update_time=models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
# import datetime
# create_time=models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
class Meta:
# 单个字段,有索引,有唯一
# 多个字段,有联合索引,联合唯一
abstract=True # 抽象表,不再数据库建立出表
class Book(BaseModel):
id=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
# verbose_name admin中显示中文
name=models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='书名',help_text='这里填书名')
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
# 一对多的关系一旦确立,关联字段写在多的一方
#to_field 默认不写,关联到Publish主键
#db_constraint=False 逻辑上的关联,实质上没有外键练习,增删不会受外键影响,但是orm查询不影响
publish=models.ForeignKey(to='Publish',on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,db_constraint=False)
# 多对多,跟作者,关联字段写在 查询次数多的一方
# 什么时候用自动,什么时候用手动?第三张表只有关联字段,用自动 第三张表有扩展字段,需要手动写
# 不能写on_delete
authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',db_constraint=False)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural='书表' # admin中表名的显示
def __str__(self):
return self.name
@property
def publish_name(self):
return self.publish.name
# def author_list(self):
def author_list(self):
author_list=self.authors.all()
# ll=[]
# for author in author_list:
# ll.append({'name':author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()})
# return ll
return [ {'name':author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()}for author in author_list]
class Publish(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr=models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(BaseModel):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
sex=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'男'),(2,'女')))
# 一对一关系,写在查询频率高的一方
#OneToOneField本质就是ForeignKey+unique,自己手写也可以
authordetail=models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail',db_constraint=False,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class AuthorDetail(BaseModel):
mobile=models.CharField(max_length=11)
# 二、表断关联
# 1、表之间没有外键关联,但是有外键逻辑关联(有充当外键的字段)
# 2、断关联后不会影响数据库查询效率,但是会极大提高数据库增删改效率(不影响增删改查操作)
# 3、断关联一定要通过逻辑保证表之间数据的安全,不要出现脏数据,代码控制
# 4、断关联
# 5、级联关系
# 作者没了,详情也没:on_delete=models.CASCADE
# 出版社没了,书还是那个出版社出版:on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING
# 部门没了,员工没有部门(空不能):null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL
# 部门没了,员工进入默认部门(默认值):default=0, on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT
2.分页器
#views.py
# 查所有,才需要分页
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
# 内置三种分页方式
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination,CursorPagination
'''
PageNumberPagination
page_size:每页显示的条数
'''
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
#http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/books2/?aaa=1&size=6
page_size=3 #每页条数
page_query_param='aaa' #查询第几页的key
page_size_query_param='size' # 每一页显示的条数
max_page_size=5 # 每页最大显示条数
# class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
# default_limit = 3 # 每页条数
# limit_query_param = 'limit' # 往后拿几条
# offset_query_param = 'offset' # 标杆
# max_limit = 5 # 每页最大几条
class MyCursorPagination(CursorPagination):
cursor_query_param = 'cursor' # 每一页查询的key
page_size = 2 #每页显示的条数
ordering = '-id' #排序字段
# class BookView(ListAPIView):
# # queryset = models.Book.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False)
# queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
# #配置分页
# pagination_class = MyCursorPagination
# 如果使用APIView分页
from utils.throttling import MyThrottle
class BookView(APIView):
# throttle_classes = [MyThrottle,]
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
book_list=models.Book.objects.all()
# 实例化得到一个分页器对象
page_cursor=MyPageNumberPagination()
book_list=page_cursor.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,view=self)
next_url =page_cursor.get_next_link()
pr_url=page_cursor.get_previous_link()
# print(next_url)
# print(pr_url)
book_ser=BookModelSerializer(book_list,many=True)
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
#settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'PAGE_SIZE': 2,
}
3.根据ip进行频率限制
# 写一个类,继承SimpleRateThrottle,只需要重写get_cache_key
from rest_framework.throttling import ScopedRateThrottle,SimpleRateThrottle
#继承SimpleRateThrottle
class MyThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope='luffy'
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
print(request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR'))
return request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR') # 返回
# 局部使用,全局使用
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
'utils.throttling.MyThrottle',
),
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'luffy': '3/m' # key要跟类中的scop对应
},
}
# python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 你们局域网就可以相互访问
# 内网穿透