Android中Broadcast的学习(举例说明)
其实所谓的静态注册,动态注册,是指接收广播的时候,是静态注册接收还是动态注册接收,发送的时候不分静态,动态
以发送intent为例,
一共分4种情况,以每次注册两个Broadcast为例:
情况一,注册2个静态Broadcast
如果是静态注册的,接收的一定是某一个类继承BroadcastReceiver
2个java文件如下:
BroadcastActivity.java
package com.broad.test1; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.Button; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.util.Log; //2个静态注册 public class BroadcastActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private Button button01; private Button button02; private static final String TAG = "BroadcastActivity"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_1 = "su1.bluetooth.true"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_2 = "su1.bluetooth.false"; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button01 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button01); button02 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button02); button01.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); button02.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); } private OnClickListener mybtnListener = new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (v.getId() == (R.id.button01)) { Intent intent = new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_1); // 也可以用mContext.sendBroadcast(intent),mContext.sendBroadcast可以在构造函数里面初始化, // 有内部类的时候必须用??? sendBroadcast(intent); } else if (v.getId() == (R.id.button02)) { Intent intent = new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_2); sendBroadcast(intent); } else { Log.v(TAG, "not true not false"); } } }; }
BroadcastRecTest.java
package com.broad.test1; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class BroadcastRecTest extends BroadcastReceiver { private static final String TAG="BroadcastActivity"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_1="su1.bluetooth.true"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_2="su1.bluetooth.false"; @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String action = intent.getAction(); if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_1)){ Log.d(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>su1.bluetooth.true"); }else if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_2)){ Log.d(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>su1.bluetooth.false"); }else{ Log.d(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>other type intent"); } } }
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="静态接收广播true"/> <Button android:id="@+id/button02" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="静态接收广播false"/> </LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.broad.test1" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".BroadcastActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name="BroadcastRecTest"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="su1.bluetooth.true" /> <action android:name="su1.bluetooth.false" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> </manifest>
运行结果:
注意,静态注册的broadcast运行有点慢:
情况2,一个静态,一个动态注册Broadcast
BroadcastActivity.java
package com.broad.test1; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.Button; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.util.Log; //1个动态,1个静态注册 public class BroadcastActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private Button button01; private Button button02; private static final String TAG="BroadcastActivity"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_1="su2.bluetooth.true"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_2="su2.bluetooth.false"; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button01=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button01); button02=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button02); button01.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); button02.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); } private OnClickListener mybtnListener=new OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(v.getId()==(R.id.button01)){ Intent intent= new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_1); sendBroadcast(intent); }else if(v.getId()==(R.id.button02)){ Intent intent= new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_2); sendBroadcast(intent); }else{ Log.v(TAG,"not true not false"); } } }; // 接收动态注册广播的BroadcastReceiver private BroadcastReceiver bcrIntenal2 = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //如果有多个动态注册的广播,要用if(action.equals()){}else if(action.equals()){}来判断是哪个 //String action = intent.getAction(); //这里只有一个,不用判断了。 Log.v(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>dong--su2.bluetooth.false"); } }; //在onStart中动态注册广播,当然也可以在onCreate里面注册 @Override protected void onStart() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStart(); //动态注册 IntentFilter intentFilter= new IntentFilter(INTENAL_ACTION_2); //也可以用这种方法动态注册多个,说明我可以”接收“这么多的动态广播。 /* IntentFilter intentFilter= new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction("action1"); intentFilter.addAction("action2");*/ registerReceiver(bcrIntenal2,intentFilter); } //在onStop中取消注册广播,如果在onCreate里面注册,那么在onDestroy里面取消注册。 @Override protected void onStop() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStop(); unregisterReceiver(bcrIntenal2); } }
BroadcastRecTest.java
package com.broad.test1; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class BroadcastRecTest extends BroadcastReceiver { private static final String TAG="BroadcastActivity"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_1="su2.bluetooth.true"; @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String action = intent.getAction(); if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_1)){ Log.d(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>su.bluetooth.true"); }else{ Log.d(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>other type intent--jingtai"); } } }
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="静态接收广播true"/> <Button android:id="@+id/button02" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="动态接收广播false"/> </LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.broad.test1" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".BroadcastActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name="BroadcastRecTest"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="su2.bluetooth.true" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> </manifest>
true是静态注册的,在Android.xml中注册的,false是动态注册的,在java代码中注册的
运行结果:
情况三、两个都是动态注册的,在同一个Activity里面既发送,又接收,(当然也可以在不同的java中,一个发送,另一个java接收,哪怕是不同的包)
动态注册不需要一个类继承BroadcastReceiver这个类了,直接new一个对象即可
package com.broad.test1; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.Button; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.util.Log; //两个动态注册 public class BroadcastActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private Button button01; private Button button02; private static final String TAG="BroadcastActivity"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_1="su3.bluetooth.true"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_2="su3.bluetooth.false"; // private static final String BLUETOOTH_PERM = android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button01=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button01); button02=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button02); button01.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); button02.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); } private OnClickListener mybtnListener=new OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(v.getId()==(R.id.button01)){ Intent intent= new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_1); sendBroadcast(intent); }else if(v.getId()==(R.id.button02)){ Intent intent= new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_2); sendBroadcast(intent); }else{ Log.v(TAG,"not true not false"); } } }; // 接收动态注册广播的BroadcastReceiver private BroadcastReceiver bcrIntenal2 = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //如果有多个动态注册的广播,要用if(action.equals()){}else if(action.equals()){}来判断是哪个 String action = intent.getAction(); if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_1)){ Log.v(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>dong--su3.bluetooth.true"); }else if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_2)){ Log.v(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>dong--su3.bluetooth.false"); } } }; //在onStart中动态注册广播,当然也可以在onCreate里面注册 @Override protected void onStart() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStart(); //动态注册两个, IntentFilter intentFilter= new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction(INTENAL_ACTION_1); intentFilter.addAction(INTENAL_ACTION_2); registerReceiver(bcrIntenal2,intentFilter); } //在onStop中取消注册广播,如果在onCreate里面注册,那么在onDestroy里面取消注册。 @Override protected void onStop() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStop(); unregisterReceiver(bcrIntenal2); } }
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="动态接收广播true"/> <Button android:id="@+id/button02" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="动态接收广播false"/> </LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.broad.test1" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".BroadcastActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> </manifest>
运行结果:
情况4,sendBroadcast的时候加权限,以2个都动态注册为例
package com.broad.test1; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.Button; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.util.Log; //两个动态注册,sendBroadcast的时候加权限 public class BroadcastActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private Button button01; private Button button02; private static final String TAG="BroadcastActivity"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_1="su4.bluetooth.true"; private static final String INTENAL_ACTION_2="su4.bluetooth.false"; private static final String BLUETOOTH_PERM = android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button01=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button01); button02=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button02); button01.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); button02.setOnClickListener(mybtnListener); } private OnClickListener mybtnListener=new OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(v.getId()==(R.id.button01)){ Intent intent= new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_1); sendBroadcast(intent,BLUETOOTH_PERM); }else if(v.getId()==(R.id.button02)){ Intent intent= new Intent(INTENAL_ACTION_2); sendBroadcast(intent,BLUETOOTH_PERM); }else{ Log.v(TAG,"not true not false"); } } }; // 接收动态注册广播的BroadcastReceiver private BroadcastReceiver bcrIntenal2 = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //如果有多个动态注册的广播,要用if(action.equals()){}else if(action.equals()){}来判断是哪个 String action = intent.getAction(); if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_1)){ Log.v(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>dong--su4.bluetooth.true"); }else if(action.equals(INTENAL_ACTION_2)){ Log.v(TAG,"surx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>dong--su4.bluetooth.false"); } } }; //在onStart中动态注册广播,当然也可以在onCreate里面注册 @Override protected void onStart() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStart(); //动态注册两个,说明我可以”接收“2个这样Action的动态广播 IntentFilter intentFilter= new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction(INTENAL_ACTION_1); intentFilter.addAction(INTENAL_ACTION_2); registerReceiver(bcrIntenal2,intentFilter); } //在onStop中取消注册广播,如果在onCreate里面注册,那么在onDestroy里面取消注册。 @Override protected void onStop() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStop(); unregisterReceiver(bcrIntenal2); } }
发送的时候加了蓝牙权限,
若在使用sendBroadcast()的方法是指定了接收权限,则只有接收方的包内--在AndroidManifest.xml中用<uses- permission>标签声明了拥有此权限的BroascastReceiver才会有可能接收到发送来的Broadcast。
同样,若在注册BroadcastReceiver时指定了可接收的Broadcast的权限,则只有在接收方的包内的AndroidManifest.xml中用<uses-permission>标签声明了,拥有此权限的Context对象所发送的Broadcast才能被这个 BroadcastReceiver所接收。
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button01" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="动态接收广播true"/> <Button android:id="@+id/button02" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="动态接收广播false"/> </LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.broad.test1" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".BroadcastActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> </manifest>
注意上面加的蓝牙permission权限
运行结果:
总结:
以发送intent为例,发送广播都用sendBroadcast(intent);
静态注册接收的时候,只需要
(1)得到action,如:
String action = intent.getAction();
(2)判断action类型,做出相应的动作。
动态注册接收的时候,需要:
(1) IntentFilter intentFilter= new IntentFilter();
(2)intentFilter.addAction(。。);可以添加多个
(3)注册接收,registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver对象,intentFilter);别忘了在其他需要的地方取消注册接收!!!
(4)得到action,如:
String action = intent.getAction();
(5)判断action类型,做出相应的动作。