MongoDB使用
基本概念：
库:
MYSQL:
database
MongDB:
database
表:
MYSQL:
tables
MongDB:
collections
命令行操作：
制作系统服务:
mongod --bind_ip 0.0.0.0 --port 27017 --logpath D:\MongoDB\log\mongod.log --logappend --dbpath D:\MongoDB\data\db --serviceName "MongoDB" --serviceDisplayName "MongoDB" --install
启动服务
net start MongoDB
打开mongoDB客户端
mongo
查看所有数据库
# MySQL show databases; # mongoDB show dbs show databases
查看当前数据库
db
创建数据库
# MySQL: create database db1; # MongDB: use user：有则切换，没有就直接创建
添加账户
MongoDB: # 创建管理员用户: # 在admin下创建管理员权限
use admin db.createUser({ user: "root", pwd: "123", roles: [ {role: "root", db: "admin"} ] }) # 创建普通用户 use user db.createUser({ user: "chuck", pwd: "123", roles: [ {role: "readWrite", db: "user",} ] })
#在test库下创建用户，该用户对test有读写权限，对db1有读的权限 use test db.createUser({ user: "chuck", pwd: "123", roles: [ {role: "readWrite", db: "test"}, {role: "read", db: "db1"} ] })
添加权限认证
mongod --bind_ip 0.0.0.0 --port 27017 --logpath E:\MongoDB\log\mongod.log --logappend --dbpath E:\MongoDB\data\db --serviceName "MongoDB" --serviceDisplayName "MongoDB" --install --auth
登录权限认证
use admin db.auth("root", "123")
谁创建的用户必须在谁那里登录
use test db.auth("root", "123") # error
登录
# MySQL mysql -u root -p 123 mongo -u "root" -p "123" mongo -u "root" -p "123" --authenticationDatabase "admin" mongo -u "tank" -p "123" mongo -u "tank" -p "123" --authenticationDatabase "test"
python连接MongoDB：
import pymongo client = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://root:123@localhost:27017/") print(client) # use test test = client['test'] # test.user user = test['user'] print(user) #插入数据 user0 = { "_id": 1, "name": "chuck", "age": 18 } user.insert(user0) print(list(user.find({ "name": "chuck" })))
数据库操作：（_id:主键）
--
增：
db.user # test.user db.user.info # test.user.info db.user.xxx # test.user.xxx # 集合的名字限制在121个字节
删：
db.user.drop()
db.user.deleteOne({ 'age': 250 })
#2、删除国家为China的全部
db.user.deleteMany( {'addr.country': 'China'} )
#3、删除全部
db.user.deleteMany({})
查：
# 查看集合 ----> 查看表 show tables show collections # 数据类型 int str 数组 文档 字典 True null None 浮点型 正则 /^tank.*?nb$/i new Date() ObjectId() use t1 db.data1.insert({ "pattern": /^tank.*?nb$/i, "date": new Date(), "id": ObjectId() }) db.data1.find() # 文档操作: MySQL: 行记录 MongDB: 文档 增: MySQL: insert table名 字段 value('tank', age, sex) use test # 方式一: db.user.insert({ "_id": 1, "name": "天王盖地虎", "age": 250, "sex": "female" }) # 方式二: user0 = { "_id": 2, "name": "天王盖地虎2", "age": 20, "sex": "male" } db.user.insert(user0) # 插入多条 user1={ "_id":1, "name":"tank", "age":10, 'hobbies':['music','read','dancing'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'GuangZhou' } } user2={ "_id":2, "name":"egon", "age":20, 'hobbies':['music','read','run'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'ShanDong' } } user3={ "_id":3, "name":"jason", "age":30, 'hobbies':['music','drink'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'AnHui' } } user4={ "_id":4, "name":"kevin", "age":40, 'hobbies':['music','read','dancing','tea'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'ShanDong' } } user5={ "_id":5, "name":"nick", "age":50, 'hobbies':['music','read',], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'SH' } } db.user.insertMany([user1, user2, user3, user4, user5]) db.user.find().pretty() 查: # 比较运算符 Mysql: = , !=, >, <, >=, <= MongoDB: # = 1.select * from db1.user where id = 1; db.user.find({"name": "tank"}) # != $ne # 2.select * from db1.user where id != 1; db.user.find({ "_id": { "$ne": 1 } }) # > "$gt" # 3.select * from db1.user where id > 2; db.user.find({ "_id": { "$gt": 2 } }) # < "$lt" # 4.select * from db1.user where age < 30; db.user.find({ "age": { "$lt": 30 } }) # >= "$gte" # 5.select * from db1.user where id >= 2; db.user.find({ "_id": { "$gte": 2 } }) # <= "$lte" # 6.select * from db1.user where id <= 5; db.user.find({ "_id": { "$lte": 5 } }) # 逻辑运算符 $and, $or, $not # Mysql: select * from db1.user where id >= 3 and id <= 4; select * from db1.user where id >=3 and id <=4 and age > 20; # MongoDB: db.user.find({ "_id": {"$gte": 3, "$lte": 4} }) db.user.find({ "_id": {"$gte": 3, "$lte": 4}, "age": {"$gt": 20} }) db.user.find({ "$and": [ { "_id": {"$gte": 3, "$lte": 4}, "age": {"$gt": 20} } ] }) # select * from db1.user where id >=0 and id <=2 or id >= 4 or name = "egon"; # not ---> and ---> or db.user.find({ "$or": [ {"name": "egon"}, {"_id": {"$gte": 0, "$lte": 2}}, {"_id": {"$gte": 4}} ] }) # $mod取余 # select * from db1.user where id % 2 =1; db.user.find({ "_id": { "$mod": [2,1] } }) db.user.find({ "_id": { "$mod": [2,0] } }) # 找到id取余不为1 db.user.find({ "_id": { "$not": {"$mod": [2,1]} } }) # 成员运算 $in $nin # 有egon与kevin名字的 db.user.find({ "name":{"$in": ["egon", "kevin"]} }) # 没有tank名字的 db.user.find({ "name":{"$nin": ["tank"]} }) # 正则 select * from db1.user where name regexp "^ke.*?(g|n)$"; db.user.find({"name": /^ke.*?(g|n)$/i}) # 布尔值 select name, age from db1.user where name regexp "^ke.*?(n|g)$"; # 查询语法 db.user.find( { 查询条件 }, { 查看的内容 }, { 其它 } ) db.user.find( { "name": /^ke.*?(g|n)$/i }, { "_id": 0, "name": 1, "age":1 } ) db.user.find({ "hobbies":{"$all":["music", "read"]} }) db.user.find({ "hobbies.0":"music" }) db.user.find( {}, { "_id": 0, "name": 0, "age": 0, "addr": 0, "hobbies": {"$slice": -2} } ) db.user.find( {}, { "_id": 0, "name": 0, "age": 0, "addr": 0, "hobbies": {"$slice": [0, 2]} } ) db.user.find({"addr.city": "GuangZhou"}) # 1 升序 -1 降序 db.user.find().sort({"_id": 1}) db.user.find().sort({"_id": -1}) # 杂项 db.t5.insert({"a":10, "b": 20}) db.t5.insert({"a":10, "b": null}) db.t5.insert({"a":10,}) db.t5.find({})
改：
Mysql: update db1.t1 set age=84 where name="egon" MongoDB: db.table.update( 条件, 修改字段, 其他参数 ) db.user.update( {"name": "egon"}, {"age": 84} ) db.user.update( {"name": "kevin"}, {"$set": {"age": 84, "name": "kevin_武大郎"}} ) db.user.update( {"_id": {"$gt": 1}}, {"$set": {"age": 250}}, {"multi": true} ) # 其它 默认是false "multi":true # 批量 "upsert":true # 有则更新,无则新增 # db.user.update( {"name":"kevin_武大郎"}, {"$set":{"addr.country":"Japan"}} ) # 修改数组的 db.user.update( {"name":"kevin_武大郎"}, {"$set":{"hobbies.1":"Piao"}} ) # 删除字段 db.user.update( {"name":"kevin_武大郎"}, {"$unset":{"hobbies":""}} ) # 递增递减 db.user.update( {}, {"$inc":{"age":1}}, {"multi":true} ) db.user.update( {}, {"$inc":{"age":-1}}, {"multi":true} ) # $push 添加 db.user.update( {"name":"jason"}, {"$push":{"hobbies":"piao"}}, {"multi":true} ) # $pop 删除 -1 指的是 第一个 1指的是最后一个 先进后出 db.user.update( {"name":"jason"}, {"$pop":{"hobbies": 1}}, {"multi":true} ) # $each循环 db.user.update( {"name":"nick"}, {"$push":{"hobbies":{"$each":["纹身","抽烟"]}}}, {"multi":true} ) # $pull 按条件删 db.user.update( {"name":"nick"}, {"$pull":{"hobbies": "纹身"}}, {"multi":true} ) # 创建一个空数组 db.t3.insert({"urls":[]}) db.t3.update( {}, {"$addToSet":{"urls":{"$each":[ "http://www.baidu1.com", "http://www.baidu2.com", "http://www.baidu3.com", "http://www.baidu4.com", "http://www.baidu5.com" ]}}}, {"multi":true} )
