2019高考,李尚志教授三评“维纳斯”(来自网络)

                <h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px;font-size: 22px;line-height: 1.4;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">原创:<span style="font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</span><span class="rich_media_meta rich_media_meta_text" style="text-align: justify;margin-right: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 15px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);">李尚志</span><br  /></h2><p><br  /></p><section class="" data-source="bj.96weixin.com" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 24px;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 5px 5px 2px;background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -18px;margin-left: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.1em 1.5em;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: justify;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);background-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">引&nbsp; 子<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></strong></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">近日,2019年高考数学全国卷1中“维纳斯”问题广受评议,著名数学家、数学教育家李尚志教授(<span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">北京航天航空大学教授,</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">博士生导师,我国首批18名博士之一,首届“国家级教学名师奖”获得者,曾任中国科技大学数学系主任、北京航天航空大学理学院院长。</span>)通过朋友圈发表了自己的观点,现授权全文发布如下,与广大数学爱好者分享。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.6707317073170732" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="492" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2chiacMChRd1viaccAPZHBq6xGVCicia9Bs5BU0JicVQMzeeEnj2BUCq3yQ61tnCYPdPsIjaVibzosH57nmia0vxEJ4Xw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 391px;visibility: visible !important;height: 262px;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" data-source="bj.96weixin.com" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 24px;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 5px 5px 2px;background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -18px;margin-left: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.1em 1.5em;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: justify;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);background-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.高考改革之维纳斯:换汤换碗,不换药。</span></p></strong></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages " data-ratio="0.8575" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="800" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2chiacMChRd3AvvMiczxEcuCvhE1EWDMJEB952FefAN3QTcrLc8wia3r8hkmldYA8lWD9NWTlMC2h6IR8RACnzqng/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 367px;visibility: visible !important;height: 315px;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">小编质问高考出现维纳斯是考常识还是考数学。简直是狗屁不通。他根本看不懂题:维纳斯是用来讲课的,解释黄金分割。考题不是算维纳斯,是算“某人”,你凭什么断定“某人”就是维纳斯,凭什么根据维纳斯是女人来选ABCD?如果不讲人体的头顶肚脐足底,而讲线段AB与BC之比是0.618,你就认为是数学,就会套公式。将ABCD这些英文字母换成头顶咽喉肚脐足底这些汉字,这些人体器官,你就大呼可怕,就要晕倒,这就好比小学生算3+2只会数手指不会数苹果,那就说明你们应该淘汰出局,乖乖地为那些既会数手指也会数苹果,既会算ABCD也会算头顶咽喉肚脐足底的考生让路。如果说可怕,不是高考题目可怕,而是我们的学校培养出来你们这样不懂数学只会吐槽的废品,这样的教育效果有点可怕。有人嘲笑高考改革是换汤不换药。对,就是只能换汤不能换药,数手指换成数苹果,3+2=5不换。ABCD换成人体器官的位置,黄金分割不换。这就是换汤不换药。学数学,就是要学会从千差万别的汤中识别永恒不变数学原理的药。高考汤中的药换过没有?换过。1966年废除高考,不仅是换了汤换了药,而且砸了碗砸了锅,废了大学,烧了孔庙,打死了老师和校长,这样的换汤换药你难道还想再来一次?后来大学倒是有了,不是做考题,而是像张铁生那样交白卷上大学,这样的毒药你还想吃?至于ABCD换成维纳斯,或者再换成蒙娜丽莎或者换成阿波罗,哪怕换成孙悟空猪八戒,只要内容还是数学,就都可以。只要还有人不认识药,骂这锅汤,就说明区分度很好,就是好题。什么是核心素养?能够从不同的汤中识别共同的药,这就是核心素养。有人能识别,有人不能识别,这就是区分度。不论高考题难易,招生人数不变,上大学的难度都一样。考题容易,大家的考分都高,高分都上不了大学,入学的难度并没有降低。考题难易不改变入学的难度,只改变入学考生的组成。考题容易,差生也有可能靠运气混进大学。考题死板,死记硬背有可能成功。考题灵活,将ABCD的汤换成维纳斯的头和脚这样的汤,把死记硬背的考生打蒙,把他们入学的门关窄一点甚至关死,让他们除了吐槽晕倒和哭泣之外无计可施,让那些潜心学习的考生不需要那么高的考分就能进大学,这才是普度众生的功德,也才是高考改革的正确方向,并且是核心素养的真正含义。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5005096839959225" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/eRAA6trFIY43E3wzgdVibsrIbzicGs9608yGnFUlnoMr0ayVwQdOicFQNtrvjytnicibLOsM0LViar8mBduiaTZh0V1vg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="981" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">还忘了赞全国卷2,数学考试出有物理背景的题。我早就主张这样来对付那些高考不选考物理的考生,你要躲物理,对不起,我就在数学考题中出物理,把你们通通刷掉,把入大学的机会让给那些勤恳老实的学生,他们才是国家的未来,你们如果不改过自新,就先当渣民吧。我读中学时数学没有微积分,我学的微积分全是从物理学的,向量也是从物理学的。我在中科大数学系读书,是班上的物理科代表。我不知道全国卷2的命题人是否看见过我发表的数学考试出物理题的主张。也许没看过,他们自己也有同感,英雄所见略同。希望大家多宣传这个主张,让那些高考想躲物理的考生害怕,哀嚎,晕倒,其中有些人就会醒悟。<br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">我在中科大和北航的考试比这次高考题厉害得多。比如,让考生看宾馆台灯照到墙上的光影的照片,回答:光影的边缘是什么曲线。其实这个问题很简单:灯泡发的光被灯罩遮住一部分,漏出来的光束是一个圆锥,墙是平面,光影曲线就是平面截圆锥,得到的是双曲线。如果在考卷上写:已知一个圆锥截平面,考生大多数知道。离开了考卷,他就不知道光束是圆锥,墙是平面了。正如一见了维纳斯就不知怎么算线段了。这样的考生必须经过一次淘汰才能醒悟。</p></section></section><section class="" data-source="bj.96weixin.com" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 24px;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 5px 5px 2px;background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -18px;margin-left: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.1em 1.5em;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: justify;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);background-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.一定要让这位无耻小编的粉丝彻底失败!</span></p></strong></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">我准备找一下明年高考题的出题者,请他们注意这份帖子,一定要让这种“绝对机智”彻底失败。我出的选择题都注意了这个问题。例如:某商场抽奖,中奖率10%。如下哪个事件发生的可能性更大:A. 抽了一张就中奖。B.连抽20张都不中。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">这道抽奖的题,最开始是计算题,这就是逼着考生去算。后来就改为选择题,引诱他们懵,一般都会懵错。这就为那些老老实实计算的考生增加了取胜的机会。</p></section></section><section class="" data-source="bj.96weixin.com" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 24px;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 5px 5px 2px;background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -18px;margin-left: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.1em 1.5em;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: justify;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);background-color: rgb(90, 169, 215);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.我对维纳斯问题的解答</span></p></strong></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.32339089481946626" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/eRAA6trFIY43E3wzgdVibsrIbzicGs96081RUaFWricaet2bfA7KoZxiaJbmyiaOxVKNRcglMWfFxahsUmibs6k9QshQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1274" style=""  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">此题既可以按头到喉来算,也可以按肚脐到足底算,这正是出题的高明之处。<br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">通常的考试,已知条件没有多余的,更不能相互矛盾。此题给了两个已知条件都可以算,就应该两者都算,相互印证。但实际上出题人故意两个已知条件都没告诉:只告</span><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">诉头到脖子26,腿长105。与已知条件接近,又都有差距。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">头到脖子看成头到喉,得26(1.618/0.618)(1.618/0.618)</span><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">=1.78。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">腿长看成肚脐到足底,算出 105x1.618=170。二者有差距,你取哪一个?</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">不必请医学专家鉴定,自己摸一下身体。就应该承认:头到脖子更接近于头到喉,肚脐到足底应该比腿长多一些。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">选取175,既接近178,也与170不矛盾。按175算出肚脐到脚底175/1.618=108比腿长多3cm也是合理的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此应该选B:175。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">这个数据的缺点,是正好与那个懵答案的相同,容易误导考生相信懵答案。不过,如果明年高考设计一个数据让这些懵答案的全军覆没,他们以后就会印象深刻。至于那个专门教学生懵答案的“伍博士”,不知是哪个大学授的博士,我建议应该撤销,以便维护贵校学术声誉。当然我只能建议无权强制。不过我有一个权利:如果哪个微信群既有伍博士也有我,我有权退出。如果我的哪位微友转发伍博士的帖子而不批判,我有权与你绝交。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages " data-ratio="0.7575" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="800" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2chiacMChRd3AvvMiczxEcuCvhE1EWDMJE3HiaBhhNVvicMnfXlyDU95dgLOgWLnSriaCKFicPy0UQHW4flZODddlwNg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 488px;visibility: visible !important;height: 370px;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">(图片来自于网络,如有侵权,请联系删除)</p></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p>
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posted on 2019-06-11 13:32  狮山数学  阅读(791)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报