测试工具的使用

文章目录

django测试入门案例/常见的测试问题/返回空数据/单元测试与客户端&数据库数据/测试工具的使用

django测试入门案例/常见的测试问题/返回空数据/单元测试与客户端&数据库数据/测试工具的使用

MDN系列教程:

Django文档:

Django 中的测试 | Django 文档 | Django (djangoproject.com)

在 Django 中编写测试的首选方式是使用 Python 标准库中内置的 unittest 模块

编写并运行测试 | Django 文档 | Django (djangoproject.com)

测试工具 | Django 文档 | Django (djangoproject.com)

测试数据库¶

其他参考

Django实际开发中的单元测试_django项目单元测试

测试数据库

需要数据库的测试（即模型测试）将不会使用“实际”（生产）数据库。将为测试创建单独的空白数据库。
- 知道这一点很重要,单元测试中的代码访问不了实际环境中的数据(这是测试隐含的一个特点)
  - 单元测试有临时数据(需要编写相关代码手动的创建符合测试要求(能够达到测试目的的数据,可能是精心设计的数据,未必是随意产生的数据)!)和临时数据库(自动创建)来检测api功能
- 所以,当你在你的测试代码中试图(通过某个接口)访问数据库中的数据时,一般都是空的结果
- 这和python manage.py shell中的一次性临时测试不同(python shell的环境时可以访问到正式的数据库
  - 在python shell 中不会自动创建临时数据库,它肯定用的时实际环境中的数据库而不是临时数据库(换句话说,和浏览器这类客户端访问的效果时一样的))
  - 在python manage.py test <test_target>的运行中情况大为不同,这种情况下会创建空白数据库(这也是为什么前面说,会出现api路由访问成功(譬如200 OK),但是数据内容却是空白数据的情况)
  - 因此,我们在编写测试的时候,特别是测试要访问数据库的的api的路由/功能时,需要编写相应的数据创建代码,来产生临时数据填充临时数据库,以供测试中的api或者其他代码读取数据

> 无论测试是通过还是失败，当所有测试执行完毕后，测试数据库都会被销毁。

但是,你可以通过使用 test --keepdb 选项来防止测试数据库被破坏。
- 这将在两次运行之间保留测试数据库。
- 如果数据库不存在，将首先创建它。
- 任何迁移都将被应用，以使其保持最新状态。

运行测试时从生产数据库中查找数据？

如果你的代码在编译模块时试图访问数据库，这将在测试数据库建立之前发生，可能会产生意想不到的结果。
- 例如，如果你在模块级代码中进行数据库查询，并且存在真实的数据库，则生产数据可能会污染你的测试。
- 无论如何，在代码中都包含这样的导入时数据库查询是一个坏主意——重写代码，使其不会执行此操作。

入门案例

编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 5 部分 | Django 文档 | Django (djangoproject.com)
- 该教程的源代码在github上有相关仓库(注意克隆下来的仓库可能是空的,但是不影响单元测试,数据可以在测试中创建,结束后销毁)
- 自动化测试简介
  - 自动化测试是什么？
  - 为什么你需要写测试
- 基础测试策略
- 开始写我们的第一个测试
- 测试视图
- 当需要测试的时候，测试用例越多越好
- 深入代码测试

manage.py test 的使用帮助

python manage.py test --help

 usage: manage.py test [-h] [--noinput] [--failfast] [--testrunner TESTRUNNER]
                      [-t TOP_LEVEL] [-p PATTERN] [--keepdb]
                      [--shuffle [SEED]] [-r] [--debug-mode] [-d]
                      [--parallel [N]] [--tag TAGS]
                      [--exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS] [--pdb] [-b]
                      [--no-faulthandler] [--timing] [-k TEST_NAME_PATTERNS]
                      [--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}] [--settings SETTINGS]
                      [--pythonpath PYTHONPATH] [--traceback] [--no-color]
                      [--force-color]
                      [test_label ...]
 
Discover and run tests in the specified modules or the current directory.
 
positional arguments:
  test_label            Module paths to test; can be modulename,
                        modulename.TestCase or modulename.TestCase.test_method
 
options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --noinput, --no-input
                        Tells Django to NOT prompt the user for input of any
                        kind.
  --failfast            Tells Django to stop running the test suite after
                        first failed test.
  --testrunner TESTRUNNER
                        Tells Django to use specified test runner class
                        instead of the one specified by the TEST_RUNNER
                        setting.
  -t TOP_LEVEL, --top-level-directory TOP_LEVEL
                        Top level of project for unittest discovery.
  -p PATTERN, --pattern PATTERN
                        The test matching pattern. Defaults to test*.py.
  --keepdb              Preserves the test DB between runs.
  --shuffle [SEED]      Shuffles test case order.
  -r, --reverse         Reverses test case order.
  --debug-mode          Sets settings.DEBUG to True.
  -d, --debug-sql       Prints logged SQL queries on failure.
  --parallel [N]        Run tests using up to N parallel processes. Use the
                        value "auto" to run one test process for each
                        processor core.
  --tag TAGS            Run only tests with the specified tag. Can be used
                        multiple times.
  --exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS
                        Do not run tests with the specified tag. Can be used
                        multiple times.
  --pdb                 Runs a debugger (pdb, or ipdb if installed) on error
                        or failure.
  -b, --buffer          Discard output from passing tests.
  --no-faulthandler     Disables the Python faulthandler module during tests.
  --timing              Output timings, including database set up and total
                        run time.
  -k TEST_NAME_PATTERNS
                        Only run test methods and classes that match the
                        pattern or substring. Can be used multiple times. Same
                        as unittest -k option.
  --version             Show program's version number and exit.
  -v {0,1,2,3}, --verbosity {0,1,2,3}
                        Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
                        2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
  --settings SETTINGS   The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
                        "myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the
                        DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
                        used.
  --pythonpath PYTHONPATH
                        A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
                        "/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
  --traceback           Raise on CommandError exceptions.
  --no-color            Don't colorize the command output.
  --force-color         Force colorization of the command output.

运行测试实例

pmg test word.test_dict.DictTestCase --keepdb --verbosity 2

pmg=python manage.py
word.test_dict.DictTestCase表示被测试的目标(这里是一个整个类)
--verbosity 2指定需要显示的测试过程信息

 PS D:\repos\ELA\backEnd\ela&gt; pmg test  word.test_dict.DictTestCase --keepdb --verbosity 2
Found 5 test(s).
Using existing test database for alias 'default' ('test_ela4')...
Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: coreapi, django_filters, drf_yasg, messages, rest_framework, staticfiles
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, scoreImprover, sessions, user, word
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
    Running deferred SQL...
Running migrations:
  Applying user.0019_alter_user_examdate_alter_user_name_and_more... OK
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
test_demo (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... ['apple', 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'apples', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', "['n. 苹果']"]
@test_url /word/test/
{'spelling': 'apple', 'phnetic': 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'explains': "['n. 苹果']"}
@res.type: <class 'dict'="">
@res <response status_code="200," "application="" json"="">
@res.data {'spelling': 'apple', 'phnetic': 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'explains': "['n. 苹果']"}
ok
test_false_is_true (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... Method: test_false_is_true.
ok
test_no_explain (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... ok
test_one_plus_one_equals_two (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... Method: test_one_plus_one_equals_two.
ok
test_reverse (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... @type_res: <class 'rest_framework.response.response'="">
@res.content {"detail":"Not found."}
@type_res_list: <class 'django.http.response.httpresponsepermanentredirect'="">
@res.content_list
ok
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 5 tests in 1.358s
 
OK
Preserving test database for alias 'default' ('test_ela4')...

verbosity=3

 PS D:\repos\ELA\backEnd\ela&gt; pmg test  word.test_dict.DictTestCase --keepdb --verbosity 3
Found 5 test(s).
Using existing test database for alias 'default' ('test_ela4')...
Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: coreapi, django_filters, drf_yasg, messages, rest_framework, staticfiles
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, scoreImprover, sessions, user, word
Running pre-migrate handlers for application main
Running pre-migrate handlers for application scoreImprover
Running pre-migrate handlers for application word
Running pre-migrate handlers for application user
Running pre-migrate handlers for application admin
Running pre-migrate handlers for application polls
Running pre-migrate handlers for application auth
Running pre-migrate handlers for application contenttypes
Running pre-migrate handlers for application sessions
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
    Running deferred SQL...
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.
Running post-migrate handlers for application main
Running post-migrate handlers for application scoreImprover
Running post-migrate handlers for application word
Running post-migrate handlers for application user
Running post-migrate handlers for application admin
Running post-migrate handlers for application polls
Running post-migrate handlers for application auth
Running post-migrate handlers for application contenttypes
Running post-migrate handlers for application sessions
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
test_demo (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... ['apple', 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'apples', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', "['n. 苹果']"]
@test_url /word/test/
{'spelling': 'apple', 'phnetic': 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'explains': "['n. 苹果']"}
@res.type: <class 'dict'="">
@res <response status_code="200," "application="" json"="">
@res.data {'spelling': 'apple', 'phnetic': 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'explains': "['n. 苹果']"}
ok
test_false_is_true (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... Method: test_false_is_true.
ok
test_no_explain (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... ok
test_one_plus_one_equals_two (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... Method: test_one_plus_one_equals_two.
ok
test_reverse (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... @type_res: <class 'rest_framework.response.response'="">
@res.content {"detail":"Not found."}
@type_res_list: <class 'django.http.response.httpresponsepermanentredirect'="">
@res.content_list
ok
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 5 tests in 1.278s
 
OK
Preserving test database for alias 'default' ('test_ela4')...
PS D:\repos\ELA\backEnd\ela&gt;

在测试中创建测试数据setUpTestData()&setUp()

TestCase 类的相关文档Django (djangoproject.com)
setUpTestData() 用于类级别设置，在测试运行开始的时侯，会调用一次。您可以使用它来创建在任何测试方法中，都不会修改或更改的对象。
setUp() 在每个测试函数之前被调用，以设置可能被测试修改的任何对象（每个测试函数，都将获得这些对象的 “新” 版本）

posted @ 2022-05-20 23:40 xuchaoxin1375 阅读(12) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报来源

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django测试入门案例/常见的测试问题/返回空数据/单元测试与客户端&数据库数据/测试工具的使用

文章目录

django测试入门案例/常见的测试问题/返回空数据/单元测试与客户端&数据库数据/测试工具的使用

MDN系列教程:

Django文档:

其他参考

测试数据库

运行测试时从生产数据库中查找数据？

入门案例

manage.py test 的使用帮助

运行测试实例

verbosity=3

在测试中创建测试数据setUpTestData()&setUp()

公告

搜索

常用链接

随笔档案

阅读排行榜

推荐排行榜

	usage: manage.py test [-h] [--noinput] [--failfast] [--testrunner TESTRUNNER]
	[-t TOP_LEVEL] [-p PATTERN] [--keepdb]
	[--shuffle [SEED]] [-r] [--debug-mode] [-d]
	[--parallel [N]] [--tag TAGS]
	[--exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS] [--pdb] [-b]
	[--no-faulthandler] [--timing] [-k TEST_NAME_PATTERNS]
	[--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}] [--settings SETTINGS]
	[--pythonpath PYTHONPATH] [--traceback] [--no-color]
	[--force-color]
	[test_label ...]

	Discover and run tests in the specified modules or the current directory.

	positional arguments:
	test_label Module paths to test; can be modulename,
	modulename.TestCase or modulename.TestCase.test_method

	options:
	-h, --help show this help message and exit
	--noinput, --no-input
	Tells Django to NOT prompt the user for input of any
	kind.
	--failfast Tells Django to stop running the test suite after
	first failed test.
	--testrunner TESTRUNNER
	Tells Django to use specified test runner class
	instead of the one specified by the TEST_RUNNER
	setting.
	-t TOP_LEVEL, --top-level-directory TOP_LEVEL
	Top level of project for unittest discovery.
	-p PATTERN, --pattern PATTERN
	The test matching pattern. Defaults to test*.py.
	--keepdb Preserves the test DB between runs.
	--shuffle [SEED] Shuffles test case order.
	-r, --reverse Reverses test case order.
	--debug-mode Sets settings.DEBUG to True.
	-d, --debug-sql Prints logged SQL queries on failure.
	--parallel [N] Run tests using up to N parallel processes. Use the
	value "auto" to run one test process for each
	processor core.
	--tag TAGS Run only tests with the specified tag. Can be used
	multiple times.
	--exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS
	Do not run tests with the specified tag. Can be used
	multiple times.
	--pdb Runs a debugger (pdb, or ipdb if installed) on error
	or failure.
	-b, --buffer Discard output from passing tests.
	--no-faulthandler Disables the Python faulthandler module during tests.
	--timing Output timings, including database set up and total
	run time.
	-k TEST_NAME_PATTERNS
	Only run test methods and classes that match the
	pattern or substring. Can be used multiple times. Same
	as unittest -k option.
	--version Show program's version number and exit.
	-v {0,1,2,3}, --verbosity {0,1,2,3}
	Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
	2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
	--settings SETTINGS The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
	"myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the
	DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
	used.
	--pythonpath PYTHONPATH
	A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
	"/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
	--traceback Raise on CommandError exceptions.
	--no-color Don't colorize the command output.
	--force-color Force colorization of the command output.

	PS D:\repos\ELA\backEnd\ela> pmg test word.test_dict.DictTestCase --keepdb --verbosity 2
	Found 5 test(s).
	Using existing test database for alias 'default' ('test_ela4')...
	Operations to perform:
	Synchronize unmigrated apps: coreapi, django_filters, drf_yasg, messages, rest_framework, staticfiles
	Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, scoreImprover, sessions, user, word
	Synchronizing apps without migrations:
	Creating tables...
	Running deferred SQL...
	Running migrations:
	Applying user.0019_alter_user_examdate_alter_user_name_and_more... OK
	System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
	test_demo (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... ['apple', 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'apples', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', "['n. 苹果']"]
	@test_url /word/test/
	{'spelling': 'apple', 'phnetic': 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'explains': "['n. 苹果']"}
	@res.type: <class 'dict'="">
	@res <response status_code="200," "application="" json"="">
	@res.data {'spelling': 'apple', 'phnetic': 'ˈæp(ə)l', 'explains': "['n. 苹果']"}
	ok
	test_false_is_true (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... Method: test_false_is_true.
	ok
	test_no_explain (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... ok
	test_one_plus_one_equals_two (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... Method: test_one_plus_one_equals_two.
	ok
	test_reverse (word.test_dict.DictTestCase) ... @type_res: <class 'rest_framework.response.response'="">
	@res.content {"detail":"Not found."}
	@type_res_list: <class 'django.http.response.httpresponsepermanentredirect'="">
	@res.content_list
	ok

	----------------------------------------------------------------------
	Ran 5 tests in 1.358s

	OK
	Preserving test database for alias 'default' ('test_ela4')...