关于MapReduce中自定义带比较key类、比较器类(二)——初学者从源码查看其原理

Job类
  1. /**
  2.   * Define the comparator that controls 
  3.   * how the keys are sorted before they
  4.   * are passed to the {@link Reducer}.
  5.   * @param cls the raw comparator
  6.   * @see #setCombinerKeyGroupingComparatorClass(Class)
  7.   */
  8.  
  9.  publicvoid setSortComparatorClass(Class<? extends RawComparator> cls
  10. ) throws IllegalStateException{
  11. ensureState(JobState.DEFINE);
  12. conf.setOutputKeyComparatorClass(cls);
  13.  }
Define the comparator that controls 
how the keys are sorted before they  
     定义一个比较器,控制keys在被传递给Reducer之前是如何排序的
    <? extends RawComparator>
     是泛型的向下限定,要么是RawComparator类型,要是RawComparator的子类()
     RawComparator
     
         接口Comparator
                 ——子接口RawComparator:Compare two objects in binary. 
                                    compare方法
                                    public int compare(byte[] b1int s1int l1byte[] b2int s2int l2);

                         ——子实现类WritableComparator
     既然cls必须是类型或其子类类型,那么如果我们自定义的key类是WritableComparator也可以的
 
JonConf类
     点击setOutputKeyComparatorClass,链接到JonConf类中
  1. /**
  2. * Set the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
  3. * @param theClass the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to
  4. * compare keys.
  5. * @see #setOutputValueGroupingComparator(Class)
  6. */
  7. 设定用于比较key的比较器,theClass参数就是那个比较器啦
  8. publicvoid setOutputKeyComparatorClass(Class<?extendsRawComparator> theClass){
  9. setClass(JobContext.KEY_COMPARATOR,
  10. theClass,RawComparator.class);
  11. }
    
  1. Set the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
  2. * @param theClass the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to
  3. * compare keys.
      设置用于比较key的比较器,参数theClass 就是这个比较器
      
  1. setClass(JobContext.KEY_COMPARATOR,theClass,RawComparator.class);
       关于setClass
      * An exception is thrown if <code>theClass</code> does not implement the
     * interface <code>xface</code>.      
 setClass的意思,从JobContext中取出KEY_COMPARATOR属性的值,该值对应的类要是RawComparator本身类型或其子类类型,如果不是其子类类型,则会报错。即。theClass实现了RawComparator。
      既然有setOutputKeyComparatorClass,j就会有getOutputKeyComparator。仍然在JobConf类中找到


/**
* Get the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
获取到一个用于比较key的比较器,并返回,返回类型是RawComparator
* @return the {@link RawComparator} comparator used to compare keys.
*/
publicRawComparator getOutputKeyComparator(){
Class<? extends RawComparator> theClass = getClass(
JobContext.KEY_COMPARATOR, null,RawComparator.class);

如果KEY_COMPARATOR属性中没值,则返回null

if(theClass != null)
returnReflectionUtils.newInstance(theClass,this);

如果不为空,则就通过反射创建theClass

否则,使用默认的
returnWritableComparator.get(getMapOutputKeyClass().
asSubclass(WritableComparable.class),this);
}

  • if(theClass != null)
  1.   returnReflectionUtils.newInstance(theClass,this);
      假如我们制定了一个比较器类,即job.setSortComparatorClass(xxxS.class),xxxS,class继承了WritableComparator类型,复写了其中的compare方法。
 
MapTask$MapOutputBuffer类
到了这里,有一个疑问(强迫症患者专用),那么是谁来调用这个getOutputKeyComparator方法的呢?
在MapTask类中有一个内部类MapOutputBuffer:
     属性:private RawComparator<K> comparator;  
    属性被赋值:
               // k/v serialization
               comparator = job.getOutputKeyComparator();
              可见是在序列化的时候被调用赋值了
              ctrl+shift+P 跳转到匹配的括号
      方法:compare
  1. /**
  2.      * Compare logical range, st i, j MOD offset capacity.
  3.      * Compare by partition, then by key.
  4.      * @see IndexedSortable#compare
  5.      */
  6. publicint compare(final int mi, final int mj){
  7.       final int kvi = offsetFor(mi % maxRec);
  8.       final int kvj = offsetFor(mj % maxRec);
  9.       final int kvip = kvmeta.get(kvi + PARTITION);
  10.       final int kvjp = kvmeta.get(kvj + PARTITION);
  11.       // sort by partition
  12.       if(kvip != kvjp){
  13.         return kvip - kvjp;
  14.       }
  15.       // sort by key
  16.       return comparator.compare(kvbuffer,
  17.           kvmeta.get(kvi + KEYSTART),
  18.           kvmeta.get(kvi + VALSTART)- kvmeta.get(kvi + KEYSTART),
  19.           kvbuffer,
  20.           kvmeta.get(kvj + KEYSTART),
  21.           kvmeta.get(kvj + VALSTART)- kvmeta.get(kvj + KEYSTART));
  22. }
而在RawComparator中
public int compare(byte[] b1, int s1, int l1, byte[] b2, int s2, int l2);
所以,当我们传递了一个WritableComparator的子类xxxS的时候,其实此时调用的是子类xxxS继承自WritableComparator类的那个compare方法,只不过其还有另一个重载的compare方法
如下即为WritableComparator类中的这个compare
  1. /** Optimization hook.  Override this to make SequenceFile.Sorter's scream.
  2.    *
  3.    * <p>The default implementation reads the data into two {@link
  4.    * WritableComparable}s (using {@link
  5.    * Writable#readFields(DataInput)}, then calls {@link
  6.    * #compare(WritableComparable,WritableComparable)}.
  7.    */
  8.   @Override
  9.   publicint compare(byte[] b1,int s1,int l1, byte[] b2,int s2,int l2){
  10.     try{
  11.       buffer.reset(b1, s1, l1);                   // parse key1
  12.       key1.readFields(buffer);
  13.  
  14.       buffer.reset(b2, s2, l2);                   // parse key2
  15.       key2.readFields(buffer);
  16.  
  17.     }catch(IOException e){
  18.       thrownewRuntimeException(e);
  19.     }
  20.  
  21.     return compare(key1, key2);                   // compare them
  22.   }
其实我看了下,前面部分应该是在通过数组来读取到两个key——key1、key2
最终调用的是: compare(key1, key2);
  1. /** Compare two WritableComparables.
  2.    * <p> The default implementation uses the natural ordering, calling {@link
  3.    * Comparable#compareTo(Object)}. */
  4.   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  5.   publicint compare(WritableComparable a,WritableComparable b){
  6.  
  7.     return a.compareTo(b);
  8.   }
 
 
 
此时,调用的是WritableComparable类中的compareTo方法,而这个方法被我们复写了。
(自定义类实现了WritableComparable接口,并复写了该compareTo方法)
还有一点,之前不是提到,如果要用setSortComparatorClass,则必须是RawComparator类型或其子类嘛?
 
(一)
我们如果是自定义key类——keyxxxS类,且实现了WritableComparable接口,复写CompareTo方法
此时,不用set,
此时。它会return WritableComparator.get(getMapOutputKeyClass().asSubclass(WritableComparable.class), this);
  1. /**
  2.    * Get the key class for the map output data. If it is not set, use the
  3.  
  4.    * (final) output key class. This allows the map output key class to be
  5.    * different than the final output key class.
  6.    * 
  7.    * @return the map output key class.
  8.    */
  9.   publicClass<?> getMapOutputKeyClass(){
  10.     Class<?> retv = getClass(JobContext.MAP_OUTPUT_KEY_CLASS, null,Object.class);
  11.     if(retv == null){
  12.       retv = getOutputKeyClass();
  13.     }
  14.     return retv;
  15.   }
顾名思义。就是获取key的类——即job.setMapOutputClass(xxx.class)中的那个,比如Text,比如我们自定义的keyxxxS
 
怎么自定义key类——keyxxxS类的
 
WritableComparable接口的声明:
  1. public interface WritableComparable<T> extends Writable,Comparable<T>
  1. /**
  2.  * A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization 
  3.  * protocol, based on {@link DataInput} and {@link DataOutput}.
  4.  
  5.  一个实现了一个简单高效的序列化协议(基于....)的可序列化的对象
  6.  * <p>Any <code>key</code> or <code>value</code> type in the Hadoop Map-Reduce
  7.  * framework implements this interface.</p>
  8.  在hadoop mp框架中。任何一个key或者value类型实现该接口
       (意思就是说,任意键和值所属的类型应该实现该接口咯)
  9.    比如Text,IntWritable
      我们查看查看Text类的源码验证之
    1. publicclassText extends BinaryComparable
    2.     implements WritableComparable<BinaryComparable>{}
     
 
  1.  *<p>Implementations typically implement a static<code>read(DataInput)</code>
  2.  * method which constructs a new instance, calls {@link#readFields(DataInput)} 
  3.  * and returns the instance.</p>
  4.  
  5. 实现类通常实现一个静态的read方法——它构建一个新的实例,调用readFields,返回实例
下面是注释中给出的一个完整的例子:
  1.   <p>Example:</p>
  2.  *<p><blockquote><pre>
  3.  *     publicclassMyWritableComparable implements WritableComparable<MyWritableComparable>{
  4.  *       // Some data
  5.  *       privateint counter;
  6.  *       privatelong timestamp;
  7.  *       
  8.  *       publicvoid write(DataOutput out) throws IOException{
  9.  *         out.writeInt(counter);
  10.  *         out.writeLong(timestamp);
  11.  *       }
  12.  *       
  13.  *       publicvoid readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException{
  14.  *         counter = in.readInt();
  15.  *         timestamp = in.readLong();
  16.  *       }
  17.  *       
  18.  *       publicint compareTo(MyWritableComparable o){
  19.  *         int thisValue =this.value;
  20.  *         int thatValue = o.value;
  21.  *         return(thisValue &lt; thatValue ?-1:(thisValue==thatValue ?0:1));
  22.  *       }
  23.  *
  24.  *       publicint hashCode(){
  25.  *         final int prime =31;
  26.  *         int result =1;
  27.  *         result = prime * result + counter;
  28.  *         result = prime * result +(int)(timestamp ^(timestamp &gt;&gt;&gt;32));
  29.  *         return result
  30.  *       }
  31.  *     }
 
 
(二)
如果是自定义比较器xxxS类,则继承WritableComparator类,复写其中的compare方法
并且要job.setSortComparatorClass(xxxS)
(也是返回一个RawComparator的子实现类,还是会调用复写后的compareTo方法的)
 
怎么自定义比较器类xxxS
  1. classWritableComparator implements RawComparator,Configurable
  2.    A Comparatorfor{@linkWritableComparable}s.
  3.  *<p>This base implemenation uses the natural ordering.  To define alternate
  4.  * orderings, override {@link#compare(WritableComparable,WritableComparable)}.
  5.  *<p>One may optimize compare-intensive operations by overriding
  6.  *{@link#compare(byte[],int,int,byte[],int,int)}.  Static utility methods are
  7.  * provided to assist in optimized implementations of this method.
 WritableComparator类是一个给WritableComparablel类对象的比较器
这个基本实现类使用的是自然顺序排序。如果要自定义,则复写compare方法
 





posted @ 2016-08-08 09:43  旅鼠  阅读(1224)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报