二进制安装MySQL

准备工作：

# 安装依赖包
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install -y libaio numactl-libs

创建系统用户mysql
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r -g 66 mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g 66 -u 66 -d /mysql/data mysql

创建存储数据目录并改所属主，组

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mysql/data -p
[root@localhost ~]# chown mysql.mysql /mysql/data

上传压缩包并解压放的指定目录

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.29-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

包名太长做个软链接

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.29-el7-x86_64  sbin  share  src
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.29-el7-x86_64 mysql

做个环境

[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

授权

[root@localhost local]# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/

配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/mysql/data
#socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
socket=/mysql/data/mysql.sock
log-error=/mysql/data/mysql.log
pid-file=/mysql/data/mysql.pid
skip_name_resolve = 1

[client]
socket=/mysql/data/mysql.sock

初始化

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/data 

找默认随机密码

# 方法一：
[root@localhost ~]# grep password /mysql/data/mysql.log 
2021-05-13T01:17:09.144664Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5lbyg;I+k8A/

# 方法二：
[root@localhost ~]# awk '/temporary password/{print $NF}' /mysql/data/mysql.log 
5lbyg;I+k8A/

拷贝启动文件到启动路径

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

添加到chkconfig

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

启动

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

改登陆密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'5lbyg;I+k8A/' password 123456

查看数据库当前使用的字符集

mysql> show variables like 'charact%';

改字符集

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# 服务端server
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4

# 客户端client
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4