学习笔记: 特性Attribute详解,应用封装

///
/// 特性:中括号声明
///
/// 错觉:每一个特性都可以带来对应的功能
///
/// 实际上特性添加后,编译会在元素内部产生IL,但是我们是没办法直接使用的,
/// 而且在metadata里面会有记录
///
/// 特性,本身是没用的
/// 程序运行的过程中,我们能找到特性,而且也能应用一下
/// 任何一个可以生效的特性,都是因为有地方主动使用了的


image


一个应用场景:  可以用特性标注枚举值,以便 程序用到该枚举的 中文

public enum UserState
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// 正常
         /// </summary>
         [Remark("正常")]
         Normal = 0,//左边是字段名称  右边是数据库值   哪里放描述?  注释
         /// <summary>
         /// 冻结
         /// </summary>
         [Remark("冻结")]
         Frozen = 1,
         /// <summary>
         /// 删除
         /// </summary>
         //[Remark("删除")]
         Deleted = 2
     }
     //枚举项加一个描述   实体类的属性也可以Display 
     //别名   映射 
     public class RemarkAttribute : Attribute
     {
         public RemarkAttribute(string remark)
         {
             this._Remark = remark;
         }
         private string _Remark = null;
         public string GetRemark()
         {
             return this._Remark;
         }
     }


public static class RemarkExtension
{
     public static string GetRemark(this Enum value)
     {

        Type type = value.GetType();
         FieldInfo field = type.GetField(value.ToString());
         if (field.IsDefined(typeof(RemarkAttribute),true)){
             RemarkAttribute attribute = (RemarkAttribute)field.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(RemarkAttribute));
             return attribute.GetRemark();
         }
         else
         {
             return value.ToString();
         }
     }

}

static void Main(string[] args){

    Console.WriteLine(UserState.Frozen.GetRemark());
     Console.WriteLine(UserState.Deleted.GetRemark());

}

应用场景: 展示在页面的表格,每列的字段名 怎么展示? 写死吗? MVC中的 Display即为了解决该问题

              做数据检查 , 比如 注册时用户名长度检查,qq检查


MVC中 常用的 model.isvalidate()  简单实现如下

核心: 自定义的attr都继承抽象类, 只需在main中调用 扩展方法, 所有实现了 该抽象特性类的的特性 都会调用 重写的validate方法 进行自己的逻辑验证


public class Student
     {
         [CustomAttribute]
         public int Id { get; set; }
         [Leng(5, 10)]//还有各种检查
         public string Name { get; set; }
         [Leng(20, 50)]
         public string Accont { get; set; }

        [Long(10000, 999999999)]
         public long QQ { get; set; }

        [CustomAttribute]
         public void Study()
         {
             Console.WriteLine($"这里是{this.Name}跟着Eleven老师学习");
         }

        [Custom()]
         [return: Custom()]
         public string Answer([Custom]string name)
         {
             return $"This is {name}";
         }
     }

public abstract class AbstractValidateAttribute : Attribute
     {
         public abstract bool Validate(object value);
     }


     public static class ValidateExtension
     {
         public static bool Validate(this object obj)
         {
             Type type = obj.GetType();
             foreach (var prop in type.GetProperties())
             {

                if (prop.IsDefined(typeof(AbstractValidateAttribute), true))
                 {
                     object[] attributeArray = prop.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AbstractValidateAttribute), true);
                     foreach (AbstractValidateAttribute attribute in attributeArray)
                     {
                         if (!attribute.Validate(prop.GetValue(obj)))
                         {
                             return false;//表示终止
                         }
                     }
                 }

                 //if (prop.IsDefined(typeof(LongAttribute), true))
                 //{
                 //    var attribute = (LongAttribute)prop.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(LongAttribute), true);
                 //    if (!attribute.Validate(prop.GetValue(obj)))
                 //        return false;
                 //}

                //if (prop.IsDefined(typeof(LengAttribute), true))
                 //{
                 //    LengAttribute attribute = (LengAttribute)prop.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(LengAttribute), true);
                 //    if (!attribute.Validate(prop.GetValue(obj)))
                 //        return false;
                 //}
             }

            return false;
         }
     }

    public class LongAttribute: AbstractValidateAttribute
     {
         private long _Min, _Max = 0;
         public LongAttribute(long min,long max)
         {
             this._Min = min;
             this._Max = max;
         }

        public override bool Validate(object value)
         {
             if(value!=null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value.ToString()))
             {
                if( long.TryParse(value.ToString(), out long lResult))
                 {
                     if (lResult > _Min && lResult < _Max)
                         return true;
                 }

            }
             return false;
         }
     }

    public class LengAttribute : AbstractValidateAttribute
     {
         private long _Min, _Max = 0;
         public LengAttribute(long min, long max)
         {
             this._Min = min;
             this._Max = max;
         }

        public override bool Validate(object value)
         {
             if (value != null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value.ToString()))
             {
                 int length = value.ToString().Length;
                 if (length > _Min && length < _Max)
                     return true;

            }
             return false;
         }
     }

posted @ 2018-06-04 23:44  小谭行天下  阅读(497)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报