创建型模式————原型模式(2.3)
什么是原型模式?
简单来说,通过复制的方式创建对象。(被复制的对象可以理解为模板)
原型模式的应用场景
复杂结构对象的创建。
复杂结构对象:可以理解为对象里面还有对象。
【举个栗子】:点外卖的收货地址
收货地址包括姓名,电话和住址。第一次点外卖的时候需要完整的填写这些信息,但是之后点的过程基本上是不用再重新填写这些信息的。试想一下,每次下单之前都要填一遍姓名,电话,详细地址(假设省市已经定位好了)。头大.....而这个场景,正是原型模式的用武之地。
点外卖之前复制上一次填写的地址,直接下单;或者手机号出现变更,修改一下直接更新到模板即可。
原型模式的本质是创建一个对象模板,然后通过复制的方式实现复用。
深拷贝(复杂对象一波带走)
在深拷贝之前,简单聊一下浅拷贝。
以上述收货地址为例,如果只涉及到姓名,电话这些基本数据类型(浅拷贝与深拷贝是基本没有区别的),但是如果涉及到地址这样的引用类型。浅拷贝就会出现问题。浅拷贝对于引用对象,只复制其引用地址。所以复制出来的对象和被复制的对象会指向同一个值。假设你想建立两个收货模板,地址是不同的,那么就只能使用深拷贝了。
撸段代码试试看:
思路:
1.创建Info类和Address类继承Serializable接口,为了后面实现序列化写入内存。(实现平台无关性)
2.Info类还需要继承Cloneable接口,并重写clone()方法,注:protected改为public
3.在clone()方法中添加写入内存和读取的逻辑
4.Info info1 = (Info) info.clone();创建对象,并可做灵活修改。
import java.io.*;
class Address implements Serializable
{
private String province;
private String city;
private String Street;
private String door_number;
public Address(String province, String city, String street, String door_number) {
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
Street = street;
this.door_number = door_number;
}
public String getProvince() {
return province;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return Street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
Street = street;
}
public String getDoor_number() {
return door_number;
}
public void setDoor_number(String door_number) {
this.door_number = door_number;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"province='" + province + '\'' +
", city='" + city + '\'' +
", Street='" + Street + '\'' +
", door_number='" + door_number + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Info implements Cloneable, Serializable //1.创建一个外卖信息类,继承Cloneable(可复制),Serializable(可序列化)
{
private String name;
private String number;
Address address;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(String number) {
this.number = number;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Info(String name, String number, Address address) {
this.name = name;
this.number = number;
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Info{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", number='" + number + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
'}';
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { //2.重写clone方法,并把protected换成public
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
oos.writeObject(this); //写入内存
oos.close();
byte[] bytes = out.toByteArray();
InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(in);
Object clone = ois.readObject(); //读取内存
ois.close();
return clone;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
/*
clone()方法直接复制在内存中已经创建对象的二进制,效率极高!(不需要调用构造器)
protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;
native修饰的方法直接调用底层的C语言
*/
public class MyInfo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Info info = new Info("shadow","18116207310",new Address("上海","浦东新区","振南路","355"));
System.out.println(info);
Info info1 = (Info) info.clone(); //3.复制加强转
System.out.println(info1);
System.out.println("//修改电话:");
Info info2 = (Info) info.clone();
info2.setNumber("123456789");
System.out.println(info2);
System.out.println("//修改地址:");
Info info3 = (Info) info.clone();
info3.getAddress().setStreet("西语街");
info3.getAddress().setDoor_number("666");
System.out.println(info3);
}
}
输出结果: