利用python-docx批量处理Word文件——表格（二）样式控制
表格样式可以分为两种：一要表格的自身的样式，比如边框，对齐方式、背景等，别一种是表格中文字的样式。本文的内容包括：
- 表格样式
- 表格的对齐方式：居中、居左、居右
- 表格的亮度和高度
- 表格边框
- 表格内容的样式
- 字体、字号
- 文字的对齐方式
- 文字颜色
一次性引入下面会用到的库：
from docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPE
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Cm,Pt,RGBColor
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.enum.table import WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
1.表格样式
1.1 利用docx已经定义好的样式
docx定义了大量的样式库，可以直接使用，一般都能满足需求，使用方法如下：
方法1： 创建表格时设置
d=Document()
d.add_table(2,3,style='style_name')
方法2： 表格创建完成后再设置
table.style='style_name'
关于style_name请看python-docx表格样式列表
也可以用以下代码输出所有style的名称：
d=Document()
styles=d.styles
for s in styles:
if s.type==WD_STYLE_TYPE.TABLE:
print(s.name)
d.save('style.docx')
1.2 自定义表格样式
1.2.1 表格宽度
(1)table.autofit=True可以使表格自动适应窗口大小。
(2)table.cell(row,col).width=Cm(4)
- 可以设置每个单元格的宽，同列单元格宽度相同，如果定义了不同的宽度将以最大值准。
- 宽度的单位也可以是Pt或Inches
(3)table.columns[0].width=Cm(2)
- API中有这样的方法，但是实验发现不能生效，感兴趣的可以研究。
1.2.2表格高度
(1)table.rows[0].height=Cm(12)
- 宽度不能用的方法高度却可以用，单位同样可以是Pt或Inches
(2)table.cell(row,col).height=Cm(4)
- API有定义，但是不生效，刚好和宽度相反。
(3)这里还看到另一种方式，不过我并没有看懂，感兴趣的可以研究。
1.2.3 表格对齐方式
table.alignment=WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER|WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.LEFT|WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT
1.2.4表格边框的宽度和颜色
目录还没有找到可行方法
2.表格内容样式
2.1文字的对齐方式
（1）水平对齐方式
table.cell(r,c).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment=WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT|WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT
(2)垂直对齐方式
table.cell(r,c).vertical_alignment = WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.CENTER
WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.TOP|WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.BOTTOM- 这里我就想吐槽一下，垂直方向的居中应该middle
（2）字体、字号 和颜色
方法1：
run=tb.cell(r,c).paragraphs[0].add_run(text)
run.font.name='宋体'
run.font.size=Pt(18)
run.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(233,123,12)
- 这种方法适用于给单元格赋值的同时修改字体样式
- 实验发现，字体的设置只对英文及数据生效，对汉字不生效
方法2：
table.style.font.size=Pt(18)
table.style.font.name='黑体'
table.style.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(231,212,123)
- 这种方法可以修改整个表格的字体属性
- 字体的设置同样对汉字不生效
2.3 字体的其它属性
字体的常用属性docx都有定义，如果有需要再去研究。以下是table.style.font的帮助文档：
Help on Font in module docx.text.font object:
class Font(docx.shared.ElementProxy)
| Proxy object wrapping the parent of a <w:rPr> element and providing
| access to character properties such as font name, font size, bold, and
| subscript.
|
| Method resolution order:
| Font
| docx.shared.ElementProxy
| builtins.object
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| all_caps
| Read/write. Causes text in this font to appear in capital letters.
|
| bold
| Read/write. Causes text in this font to appear in bold.
|
| color
| A |ColorFormat| object providing a way to get and set the text color
| for this font.
|
| complex_script
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the characters in the
| run to be treated as complex script regardless of their Unicode
| values.
|
| cs_bold
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the complex script
| characters in the run to be displayed in bold typeface.
|
| cs_italic
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the complex script
| characters in the run to be displayed in italic typeface.
|
| double_strike
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to appear with double strikethrough.
|
| emboss
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to appear as if raised off the page in relief.
|
| hidden
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to be hidden from display, unless applications settings force hidden
| text to be shown.
|
| highlight_color
| A member of :ref:WdColorIndex indicating the color of highlighting
| applied, or None if no highlighting is applied.
|
| imprint
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to appear as if pressed into the page.
|
| italic
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text of the run
| to appear in italics. |None| indicates the effective value is
| inherited from the style hierarchy.
|
| math
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies this run contains
| WML that should be handled as though it was Office Open XML Math.
|
| name
| Get or set the typeface name for this |Font| instance, causing the
| text it controls to appear in the named font, if a matching font is
| found. |None| indicates the typeface is inherited from the style
| hierarchy.
|
| no_proof
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the contents
| of this run should not report any errors when the document is scanned
| for spelling and grammar.
|
| outline
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the characters in the
| run to appear as if they have an outline, by drawing a one pixel wide
| border around the inside and outside borders of each character glyph.
|
| rtl
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
| to have right-to-left characteristics.
|
| shadow
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
| to appear as if each character has a shadow.
|
| size
| Read/write |Length| value or |None|, indicating the font height in
| English Metric Units (EMU). |None| indicates the font size should be
| inherited from the style hierarchy. |Length| is a subclass of |int|
| having properties for convenient conversion into points or other
| length units. The :class:docx.shared.Pt class allows convenient
| specification of point values::
|
| >> font.size = Pt(24)
| >> font.size
| 304800
| >> font.size.pt
| 24.0
|
| small_caps
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the lowercase
| characters in the run to appear as capital letters two points smaller
| than the font size specified for the run.
|
| snap_to_grid
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the run to use the
| document grid characters per line settings defined in the docGrid
| element when laying out the characters in this run.
|
| spec_vanish
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the given run
| shall always behave as if it is hidden, even when hidden text is
| being displayed in the current document. The property has a very
| narrow, specialized use related to the table of contents. Consult the
| spec (§17.3.2.36) for more details.
|
| strike
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
| to appear with a single horizontal line through the center of the
| line.
|
| subscript
| Boolean indicating whether the characters in this |Font| appear as
| subscript. |None| indicates the subscript/subscript value is
| inherited from the style hierarchy.
|
| superscript
| Boolean indicating whether the characters in this |Font| appear as
| superscript. |None| indicates the subscript/superscript value is
| inherited from the style hierarchy.
|
| underline
| The underline style for this |Font|, one of |None|, |True|, |False|,
| or a value from :ref:WdUnderline. |None| indicates the font
| inherits its underline value from the style hierarchy. |False|
| indicates no underline. |True| indicates single underline. The values
| from :ref:WdUnderline are used to specify other outline styles such
| as double, wavy, and dotted.
|
| web_hidden
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the contents
| of this run shall be hidden when the document is displayed in web
| page view.
后记：关于python-docx表格样式的控制就写这么多了，如果有其它需求大家可以在留言区提问，或着查阅相关资料。水平有限，还有诸多问题没有解决，欢迎交流。
