04-网络编程

网络编程

1 概述

计算机网络:将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。

网络编程的目的:传播交流信息,数据交换,通信

想要达到这个效果需要什么:

  1. 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 ping
  2. 找到这个主机如何传输数据

javaweb:网页编程 B/S

网络编程:TCP/IP C/S

2 网络通信的要素

如何实现网络的通信?

通信双方的地址:

  • ip
  • 端口号

规则:网络通信协议

TCP/IP参考模型:

3 IP

ip地址:InetAddress

  • 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
  • 127.0.0.1:本机 localhost
  • ip地址的分类
    • IPV4:127.0.0.1,4个字节组成,0~255,42亿;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年就用尽了
    • IPV6:fe80::4cf0:769c:2d4b:77fa%21,128位,8个无符号整数
    • 公网(互联网)——私网(局域网)
      • ABCD类地址
      • 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
  • 域名
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            //查询网站ip地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            //常用方法
            //System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName() );//域名,或者自己电脑的名字

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4 端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!

  • 被规定 0~65535

  • TCP,UDP:65535*2 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口 0~1023
      • HTTP:80
      • HTTPS:443
      • FTP:21
      • Telent:23
    • 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
      • Tomcat:8080
      • MySQL:3306
      • Oracel:1521
    • 动态、私有:49152~65535(尽量别用)
    netstat -ano	#查看所有的端口
    netstat -ano|findstr "5900"	#查看指定的端口
    tasklist|findstr "8696"	#查看指定端口的进程
    ctrl+shift+esc	打开任务管理器
    
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    
    public class TestInetSocketAddress {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
            InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
            System.out.println(socketAddress);
            System.out.println(socketAddress1);
    
            System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
            System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
            System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
        }
    }
    

5 通信协议

网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制......

大事化小:分层

TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议,

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议
  • IP:网络互连协议

tcp udp对比

TCP:打电话

  • 连接,稳定
  • 三次握手,四次挥手
  • 客户端、服务端
  • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP:发短信

  • 不连接,不稳定
  • 客户端、服务端:没有明显界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
  • 导弹
  • DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)

6 TCP

客户端:1.连接服务器Socket;2.发送消息

服务端:1.建立服务的端口ServerSocket;2.等待用户的连接 accept;3.接收用户的消息

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os=null;

        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port=9999;
            //2.端口号
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //3.发送消息 IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("Hello,World".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(os!=null){
                try{
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try{
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket=null;
        InputStream is =null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);

            while (true){
                //2.等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3.读取客户端的消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
            
        /*
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            String s = new String(buffer,0,len);
            System.out.println(s);
        }
         */
            
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if(baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is!=null){
                try{
                    is.close();
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try{
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

服务器端:

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
        // 3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("receive");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("happy.gif"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知服务器,我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了

        //确定服务器接收完毕才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5.关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

Tomcat

服务端

  • 自定义 S
  • Tomcat服务器 S:java后台开发

客户端

  • 自定义 C
  • 浏览器 B

7 UDP

发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址


发送消息

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2.建个包
        String msg = "你好,服务器";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        //数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收

        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));

        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送消息

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据:控制台读取System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){

        String data = reader.readLine();
        byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
        socket.send(packet);
        if (data.equals("bye")){
            break;
        }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while (true) {
            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
            //断开连接  bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(s);
            if(s.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

咨询

双方都可以是发送方与接收端。

服务器:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    BufferedReader reader=null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try{
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
            try{
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true) {
            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
                //断开连接  bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+s);
                if(s.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

客户端:

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
    }
}
public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

8 URL

统一资源定位符:定位互联网上的某一个资源。

DNS域名服务器 www.baidu.com xxx.x..x..x


URL由五部分组成:

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=wang&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
    }
}

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/wang/password.txt");
        //2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("password.txt");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}

通过Java中的URL类进行简单的网络资源的爬取。

posted @ 2021-09-09 17:03  萘汝  阅读(35)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
我发了疯似的祝你好!