02-GUI编程

GUI编程

1、简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT

不流行的原因：界面不美观，需要jre环境

为什么要学习：可以写出自己心中想要的小工具，了解MCV架构，了解监听

2、AWT

2.1、Awt介绍

包含了很多接口。元素：窗口，按钮，文本框。java.awt

2.2、组件和容器

弹窗frame

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame，JDK，看源码
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小1
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(192,192,192));

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

问题：发现窗口关闭不掉，停止java程序。

尝试回顾封装：

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.black);
        new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.blue);
        new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
        new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.green);


    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    static int id=0;    //可能存在多个接口，我们需要一个计数器

    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

面板Panel

解决了关闭事件。

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//Panel  可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel=new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(190, 20, 40));

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口关闭时要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

布局管理器

• 流式布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件~按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设置流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//靠左
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.setVisible(true);//可见
    }
}

• 东西南北中

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
        
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

• 表格布局Grid

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//Java函数,自适应
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

• 事件监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        ActionListener myactionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myactionListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
    }
    //关闭窗体的时间
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");

    }
}

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始  停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");
        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("Button2-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand()获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

输入框

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame2();
    }
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    public MyFrame2(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListencer2 myActionListencer2 = new MyActionListencer2();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListencer2);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}
class MyActionListencer2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
    }
}

简易计算器

oop原则：组合，大于继承！

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {
        //3个文本框 1个按钮 1个标签
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法!!
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

画笔paint

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    public void paint(Graphics graphics){
        graphics.setColor(Color.black);
        //graphics.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        graphics.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆

        graphics.setColor(Color.GRAY);
        graphics.fillRect(150,200,200,200);//矩形

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

鼠标监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g){
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.black);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    
    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }
    
    //适配器模式
    public class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标点击 按下，弹起，按住不放
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
            MyFrame myframe = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            myframe.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            myframe.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }

}
//窗口
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame() {
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        setVisible(true);
        setBackground(Color.cyan);

        //匿名内部类
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //关闭窗口
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口，通过按钮
                System.exit(0);//正常退出
            }
            //打开窗口
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("窗口被打开");
            }
            //激活窗口
            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("被发现了");
                System.out.println("窗口被激活");
            }
        });

    }
}

键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的键是哪个键
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录每个数值，直接使用静态属性 VK_XXX
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
                //根据按下不同操作，产生不同结果
            }
        });
    }
}

3、Swing

3.1 窗口

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    //init(); 初始化
    public void init(){
        //JFrame是一个顶级窗口
        JFrame jframe = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jframe.setVisible(true);
        jframe.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        jframe.setBackground(Color.cyan);//无法修改背景颜色，因为在容器中
        
        //设置文字Jlable
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello");
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);//居中
        label.setForeground(Color.cyan);//设置字体颜色
        jframe.add(label);

        //获得容器
        Container contentPane = jframe.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.black);//背景

        //关闭事件
        jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

3.2 弹窗

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        container.add(new Label("Hello World"));
    }
}

3.3 标签

lable

new JLabel("xxx");

图标ICON

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){};//无参构造
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
    
}

图片Image

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("1.png");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名不要冲突了
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4 面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数 间距
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,3));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

JScorollPanel

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("Hello World");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
    }
}

3.5 按钮

• 图片按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("1.png");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

• 单选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
       
        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton radioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton radioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");

        //单选框只能选择一个，分组
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton01);
        group.add(radioButton02);
        group.add(radioButton03);

        container.add(radioButton01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton02,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

• 复选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");

        container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

3.6 列表

• 下拉框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("热映");
        status.addItem("下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }
}

• 列表框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容
        //String[] content = {"1","2","3","4","5"};
        Vector content = new Vector();//动态扩容
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList jList = new JList(content);

        content.add("1");
        content.add("2");
        content.add("3");

        container.add(jList);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }
}

3.7 文本框

• 文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("Hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("World");

        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }
}

• 密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        //尽量在面板中去做
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500,300);
    }
}

• 文本域

 public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("Hello World");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
    }