http://www.cnblogs.com/dudu/p/4569857.html

OAuth2.0

一、什么是OAuth

OAuth是一个关于授权(Authorization)的开放网络标准,目前的版本是2.2版。

注意是Authorization(授权),而不是Authentication(认证)。

用来做Authentication(认证)的标准叫做openid connect。

 

二、名词定义

理解OAuth中的专业术语能够帮助你理解其流程模式,OAuth中常用的名词术语有4个,为了便于理解这些术语,我们先假设一个很常见的授权场景:

你访问了一个日志网站(third party application),你(client)觉得这个网站很不错,准备以后就要在这个网站上写日志了,所以你准备把QQ空间(Resource owner)里面的日志都导入进来。此日志网站想要导入你在QQ空间中的日志需要知道你的QQ用户名和密码才行,为了安全期间你不会把你的QQ用户名和密码直接输入在日志网站中,所以日志网站帮你导航到了QQ认证界面(Authorization Server),当你输入完用户名和密码后,QQ认证服务器返回给日志网站一个token, 该日志网站凭借此token来访问你在QQ空间中的日志。

  1. third party application 第三方的应用,想要的到Resource owner的授权
  2. client 代表用户
  3. Resource owner 资源拥有者,在这里代表QQ
  4. Authorization server 认证服务,这里代表QQ认证服务,Resource owner和Authorization server可以是不同的服务器,也可以是同一个服务器。

三、OAuth2.0 中的四种模式

OAuth定义了四种模式,覆盖了所有的授权应用场景:

  1. 授权码模式(authorization code)
  2. 简化模式(implicit)
  3. 密码模式(resource owner password credentials)
  4. 客户端模式(client credentials)

前面我们假设的场景可以用前两种模式来实现,不同之处在于:

当日志网站(third party application)有服务端,使用模式1;

当日志网站(third party application)没有服务端,例如纯的js+html页面需要采用模式2;

本文主描述利用OAuth2.0实现自己的WebApi认证服务,前两种模式使用场景不符合我们的需求。

 

四、选择合适的OAuth模式打造自己的webApi认证服务

场景:你自己实现了一套webApi,想供自己的客户端调用,又想做认证。

这种场景下你应该选择模式3或者4,特别是当你的的客户端是js+html应该选择3,当你的客户端是移动端(ios应用之类)可以选择3,也可以选择4。

密码模式(resource owner password credentials)的流程:

这种模式的流程非常简单:

  1. 用户向客户端(third party application)提供用户名和密码。
  2. 客户端将用户名和密码发给认证服务器(Authorization server),向后者请求令牌(token)。
  3. 认证服务器确认无误后,向客户端提供访问令牌。
  4. 客户端持令牌(token)访问资源。

此时third party application代表我们自己的客户端,Authorization server和Resource owner代表我们自己的webApi服务。我们在日志网站的场景中提到:用户不能直接为日志网站(third party application)提供QQ(resource owner)的用户名和密码。而此时third party application、authorization server、resource owner都是一家人,Resource owner对third party application足够信任,所以我们才能采取这种模式来实现。

 

五、使用owin来实现密码模式

owin集成了OAuth2.0的实现,所以在webapi中使用owin来打造authorization无疑是最简单最方便的方案。

  1. 新建webApi项目
  2. 安装Nuget package:

    Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin

    Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb

  3. 增加owin的入口类:Startup.cs

在项目中新建一个类,命名为Startup.cs,这个类将作为owin的启动入口,添加下面的代码

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using Microsoft.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth;
using Owin;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using ADT.TuDou.API.Auth;

[assembly: OwinStartup(typeof(ADT.TuDou.API.Startup))]
namespace ADT.TuDou.API
{
    public class Startup
    {
        //ConfigureOAuth(IAppBuilder app)方法开启了OAuth服务。简单说一下OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions中各参数的含义:
        //AllowInsecureHttp:允许客户端使用http协议请求;
        //TokenEndpointPath:token请求的地址,即http://localhost:端口号/token;
        //AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan :token过期时间;

        //注册用户 http://localhost:33590/api/account/register)
        //content-type: application/json
        //{"UserName":"jay","Password":"xsj1989","ConfirmPassword":"xsj1989"}


        //获取token方法
        //获取token的地址:http://localhost:33590/token
        //提交方式:POST
        //参数:grant_type=password&username=jay&password=xsj1989
        //内容类型:content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        //返回数据:{"access_token":"JznxS2sYbU9fItS-ihnHB6kPnqzFd-C8uZGargqv2TF6mrNhvZYLY4OG1VclTh2PYkqLgeGzZQrnicf633coKEiJsHQCVZQTMHwli1uNQ3fJF2t0ab3CIO7Kj8y2ZvCS5ypOLAOuKkpkP1oAgCJHMkVOMZRbPfj1tqijPSt1EKcRPfzZMcOo0-OxYmbqjBrkHoB-18ZApYy4kyG6g7cHX-kh3Fq4TEAFeShfk5lOn7NKJxUJf9RWs---tCWwcqWVI-XwA3am0G8KW95-OEDq6d1gr2qHxeK020bhbvQ-OWSiR8MEq617wi-jWqdngdl_","token_type":"bearer","expires_in":1799,"as:client_id":"","userName":"jay",".issued":"Thu, 17 Mar 2016 06:19:04 GMT",".expires":"Thu, 17 Mar 2016 06:49:04 GMT"}

        //使用token访问受保护的接口
        //http://localhost:33590/api/orders
        //User-Agent: Fiddler
        //Host: localhost:33590
        //Content-Length: 51
        //content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        //Authorization: Bearer UcaIhVTpveBVlAVEhwp1iELcd2jMhHLzRdKKcTmja1Ii5520PQ6fr56kt1mN_7O92WBrkg0AkR45i1BvPmiuIAtVCk-aJsvKd7w0uaBJIGnQBycjR3WyW-plFtlGrErtEbxTOjLe4QpLgn6ofTB61wK4MS7RR91skVEhIUt4NPY0gYKn_EqE1ihPoOMuYAIciQUmQH9aKDyo3tYFjDrhtRGS6SfSBoWFdRaIPEOtQvFG4KMnbCO1XymYAsDS0vDnUZ_BgcQAYC_PbYfNRCTGfAkwDc4hidiotwde0---nPpUt2YXbFfI8oWQ48Jgi_Fk

        //1.刷新Token,再次请求:http://localhost:33590/token
        //返回数据:
        //{"access_token":"vZPcwG6szzTaybqPWsS7ESlxMKZa7kYDHTwwbXzyEes8-9kwPTCUaf3a8vbq8qp99l265jwzqXMDzMmWa89kmCPHMI-82OYgZVhw86qtbYUGTvFEwHEyysmGD9MAH524CBbaDsCJSl1sg-VaBIC8wgl1pAHZTh56__iHj3ASUhTvphT68GpU6TyhVhnIuBTonkVoE7vjpNjIdzvwGFshHGrJKS84iZYTKlM9Kv7AItrDsRon-QwfgQOmCZ2ceCvUH8sGI5O2CYJVYhH8p7TRGLgBa4p0LYnbMC54xFyO8ZmjXr7vpG0LVTsyd0q-c6pd","token_type":"bearer","expires_in":1799,"refresh_token":"d5fb57fcc7084d128ad70e5e65643045","as:client_id":"","userName":"jay",".issued":"Fri, 18 Mar 2016 02:28:21 GMT",".expires":"Fri, 18 Mar 2016 02:58:21 GMT"}
        //包含数据:"refresh_token":"d5fb57fcc7084d128ad70e5e65643045"
        //当token过期后,凭借上次得到的refresh_token重新获取token

        //2.再次请求:http://localhost:33590/token
        //参数:grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=d5fb57fcc7084d128ad70e5e65643045
        //报错:invalid_grant  暂时没解决


        //Provider :提供具体的认证策略;
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            var config = new HttpConfiguration();
            WebApiConfig.Register(config);

            ConfigureOAuth(app);

            //这一行代码必须放在ConfiureOAuth(app)之后
            app.UseWebApi(config);
        }


        public void ConfigureOAuth(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions OAuthServerOptions = new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions()
            {
                AllowInsecureHttp = true,
                TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/token"),
                AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),
                Provider = new SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider(),

                //refresh token provider
                RefreshTokenProvider = new SimpleRefreshTokenProvider()
            };

            // Token Generation
            app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(OAuthServerOptions);
            app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(new OAuthBearerAuthenticationOptions());

            //ConfigureOAuth(IAppBuilder app)方法开启了OAuth服务。简单说一下OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions中各参数的含义:
            //AllowInsecureHttp:允许客户端使用http协议请求;
            //TokenEndpointPath:token请求的地址,即http://localhost:端口号/token;
            //AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan :token过期时间;
            //Provider :提供具体的认证策略;
        }
    }


    public class SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
    {
        public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
        {
            context.Validated();
            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }

        public override async Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context)
        {
            using (AuthRepository _repo = new AuthRepository())
            {
                IdentityUser user = await _repo.FindUser(context.UserName, context.Password);

                if (user == null)
                {
                    context.SetError("invalid_grant", "The user name or password is incorrect.");
                    return;
                }
            }

            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Options.AuthenticationType);
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, context.UserName));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "user"));
            identity.AddClaim(new Claim("sub", context.UserName));

            var props = new AuthenticationProperties(new Dictionary<string, string>
            {
                {
                    "as:client_id", context.ClientId ?? string.Empty
                },
                {
                    "userName", context.UserName
                }
            });

            var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(identity, props);
            context.Validated(ticket);
        }

        public override Task TokenEndpoint(OAuthTokenEndpointContext context)
        {
            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> property in context.Properties.Dictionary)
            {
                context.AdditionalResponseParameters.Add(property.Key, property.Value);
            }

            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }
    }

    public class SimpleRefreshTokenProvider : IAuthenticationTokenProvider
    {
        public async Task CreateAsync(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context)
        {
            var refreshTokenId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("n");

            using (AuthRepository _repo = new AuthRepository())
            {
                var token = new RefreshToken()
                {
                    Id = refreshTokenId.GetHashCode(),
                    Subject = context.Ticket.Identity.Name,
                    IssuedUtc = DateTime.UtcNow,
                    ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30)
                };

                context.Ticket.Properties.IssuedUtc = token.IssuedUtc;
                context.Ticket.Properties.ExpiresUtc = token.ExpiresUtc;

                token.ProtectedTicket = context.SerializeTicket();

                var result = await _repo.AddRefreshToken(token);

                if (result)
                {
                    context.SetToken(refreshTokenId);
                }

            }
        }

        public async Task ReceiveAsync(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context)
        {

            int hashedTokenId = context.Token.GetHashCode();

            using (AuthRepository _repo = new AuthRepository())
            {
                var refreshToken = await _repo.FindRefreshToken(hashedTokenId);

                if (refreshToken != null)
                {
                    //Get protectedTicket from refreshToken class
                    context.DeserializeTicket(refreshToken.ProtectedTicket);
                    var result = await _repo.RemoveRefreshToken(hashedTokenId);
                }
            }
        }

        public void Create(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public void Receive(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

    }


    public class RefreshToken
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Subject { get; set; }
        public DateTime IssuedUtc { get; set; }
        public DateTime ExpiresUtc { get; set; }
        public string ProtectedTicket { get; set; }
    };
}

 

另外修改WebApiConfig.Register(HttpConfiguration config)方法:

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

            //config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            //    name: "DefaultApi",
            //    routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
            //    defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            //);
            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );

            //DO:将会使用CamelCase命名法序列化webApi的返回结果
            var jsonFormatter = config.Formatters.OfType<JsonMediaTypeFormatter>().First();
            jsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();
        }

 

最后两句话将会使用CamelCase命名法序列化webApi的返回结果。

3.使用ASP.NET Identity 实现一个简单的用户认证功能,以便我们生成用户名和密码

安装nuget package:

Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin

Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework

4.新建一个Auth的文件夹,并添加类:

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace ADT.TuDou.API.Auth
{
    public class AuthContext : IdentityDbContext<IdentityUser>
    {
        public AuthContext()
            : base("AuthContext")
        {

        }
        public DbSet<RefreshToken> RefreshTokens { get; set; }
    }
}

  

using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web;
using ADT.TuDou.API.Entities;

namespace ADT.TuDou.API.Auth
{
    public class AuthRepository : IDisposable
    {
        private AuthContext _ctx;

        private UserManager<IdentityUser> _userManager;

        public AuthRepository()
        {
            _ctx = new AuthContext();
            _userManager = new UserManager<IdentityUser>(new UserStore<IdentityUser>(_ctx));
        }

        //注册用户
        public async Task<IdentityResult> RegisterUser(UserModel userModel)
        {
            IdentityUser user = new IdentityUser
            {
                UserName = userModel.UserName
            };

            var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(user, userModel.Password);

            return result;
        }

        //查询用户
        public async Task<IdentityUser> FindUser(string userName, string password)
        {
            IdentityUser user = await _userManager.FindAsync(userName, password);

            return user;
        }

        public async Task<bool> AddRefreshToken(RefreshToken token)
        {

            var existingToken = _ctx.RefreshTokens.SingleOrDefault(r => r.Subject == token.Subject);

            if (existingToken != null)
            {
                var result = await RemoveRefreshToken(existingToken);
            }

            _ctx.RefreshTokens.Add(token);

            return await _ctx.SaveChangesAsync() > 0;
        }

        public async Task<bool> RemoveRefreshToken(int refreshTokenId)
        {
            var refreshToken = await _ctx.RefreshTokens.FindAsync(refreshTokenId);

            if (refreshToken != null)
            {
                _ctx.RefreshTokens.Remove(refreshToken);
                return await _ctx.SaveChangesAsync() > 0;
            }

            return false;
        }

        public async Task<bool> RemoveRefreshToken(RefreshToken refreshToken)
        {
            _ctx.RefreshTokens.Remove(refreshToken);
            return await _ctx.SaveChangesAsync() > 0;
        }

        public async Task<RefreshToken> FindRefreshToken(int refreshTokenId)
        {
            var refreshToken = await _ctx.RefreshTokens.FindAsync(refreshTokenId);

            return refreshToken;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _ctx.Dispose();
            _userManager.Dispose();

        }
    }
}
View Code

 

同时在web.config中添加connectionString:

<connectionStrings>
  <add name="AuthContext" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=OAuthPractice;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>

  

5.增加一个Entities文件夹并添加UserModel类:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace ADT.TuDou.API.Entities
{
    public class UserModel
    {
        [Required]
        [Display(Name = "UserModel name")]
        public string UserName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "The {0} must be at least {2} characters long.", MinimumLength = 6)]
        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Display(Name = "Password")]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Password)]
        [Display(Name = "Confirm password")]
        [Compare("Password", ErrorMessage = "The password and confirmation password do not match.")]
        public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }
    }
}

  

6、增加TestController:ApiController

        /// <summary>
        /// 依据用户ID,获得头像
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [AllowAnonymous]
        [AcceptVerbs("GET")]
        public HttpResponseMessage GetHeadImg(int UserID)
        {
            //.........
        }        

方法上加了AllowAnonymous标签,意味着调用这个api无需任何授权

方法上加了Authorize标签,则此api在没有授权的情况下将返回401 Unauthorize。

 

7、类 SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider 说明:

ValidateClientAuthentication方法用来对third party application 认证,具体的做法是为third party application颁发appKey和appSecrect,在本例中我们省略了颁发appKey和appSecrect的环节,我们认为所有的third party application都是合法的,context.Validated(); 表示所有允许此third party application请求。
GrantResourceOwnerCredentials方法则是resource owner password credentials模式的重点,由于客户端发送了用户的用户名和密码,所以我们在这里验证用户名和密码是否正确,后面的代码采用了ClaimsIdentity认证方式,其实我们可以把他当作一个NameValueCollection看待。最后context.Validated(ticket); 表明认证通过。

只有这两个方法同时认证通过才会颁发token。

TokenEndpoint方法将会把Context中的属性加入到token中。

 

8、向服务器请求token

resource owner password credentials模式需要body包含3个参数:

grant_type-必须为password

username-用户名

password-用户密码

//获取token方法
//获取token的地址:http://localhost:33590/token
//提交方式:POST
//参数:grant_type=password&username=jay&password=xsj1989
//内容类型:content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
//返回数据:{"access_token":"JznxS2sYbU9fItS-ihnHB6kPnqzFd-C8uZGargqv2TF6mrNhvZYLY4OG1VclTh2PYkqLgeGzZQrnicf633coKEiJsHQCVZQTMHwli1uNQ3fJF2t0ab3CIO7Kj8y2ZvCS5ypOLAOuKkpkP1oAgCJHMkVOMZRbPfj1tqijPSt1EKcRPfzZMcOo0-OxYmbqjBrkHoB-18ZApYy4kyG6g7cHX-kh3Fq4TEAFeShfk5lOn7NKJxUJf9RWs---tCWwcqWVI-XwA3am0G8KW95-OEDq6d1gr2qHxeK020bhbvQ-OWSiR8MEq617wi-jWqdngdl_","token_type":"bearer","expires_in":1799,"as:client_id":"","userName":"jay",".issued":"Thu, 17 Mar 2016 06:19:04 GMT",".expires":"Thu, 17 Mar 2016 06:49:04 GMT"}

 

实践中的问题:

异常:安全透明方法“System.Web.Http.GlobalConfiguration.get_Configuration()”尝试访问安全关键类型“System.Web.Http.HttpConfiguration”失败

解决:Nuget 安装 Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi -IncludePrerelease  包,更新为最新的包。

参考:

http://www.cnblogs.com/richieyang/p/4918819.html?utm_source=tuicool&amp;utm_medium=referral#undefined
http://oauth.net/code/
http://www.cnblogs.com/n-pei/archive/2012/05/29/2524673.html
https://github.com/feiyit/MvcApiSecurity
OAuth和JWT对比:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43674794/article/details/101037408

posted on 2016-03-17 14:48  邢帅杰  阅读(2147)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报