官网:https://vuex.vuejs.org/zh/
VueX流程:Vue Compontents》dispatch》Actions(Backend API)》commit》Mutation》Mutate》State》Vue Compontents
1.安装vuex:https://vuex.vuejs.org/zh/installation.html
npm安装方式,vscode中执行命令:npm install vuex --save,开发、生产皆需要
2.创建文件/src/store/index.js导入vue和vuex:import Vue from 'vue'/import Vuex from 'vuex'/Vue.use(Vuex),使用Vue.use(Vuex)这一句,会执行Vuex的install方法来初始化vuex。
3.创建vuex对象:const store = new Vuex.Store({state:{},mutations:{},actions:{},getters:{},modules:{}});
4.导出vuex store对象:export default store
5.在main.js中引用store:import store from './store',并注入到全局变量中,这样在xxx.vue文件中就可以使用了,示例:{{$store.state.moreCount}}
import Vue from 'vue' import App from './App' import router from './router' import store from './store/index' Vue.config.productionTip = false /* eslint-disable no-new */ new Vue({ el: '#app', router, store, components: { App }, template: '<App/>' })
6.修改state的时候,使用mutations来修改,插件(devtools)记录state变化前后的值,方便调试;当修改state前有异步操作(网络请求)的时候,使用actions,在actions中再使用mutations修改state。
7.mutations示例:increment(state, payload) {state.count += payload.step;},state是默认的参数,payload参数可选。
调用mutations示例:add() {this.$store.commit("increment", { step: 10 });}或者add() {this.$store.commit({type:"increment", payload:{ step: 10 }});},两种提交方式payload参数略有不同,第二种payload是包含了type的一个对象。
mutations命名可以使用字符串:['add'](){...},把mutations的方法名字抽出来放到mutations-type.js里。
8.getters,类似计算属性,参数:state, getters, rootState, rootGetters,使用的时候直接写this.$store.getters.stus1,参数是自动的,不需要传。
stus1(state, getters, rootState, rootGetters) { return state.stus.filter(x => x.age > 10); }, stus1Length(state, getters, rootState, rootGetters) { return getters.stus1.length; },
getters传参:在getters里return一个带参数的function就行了
stus2(state) { // return function (age) { // return state.stus.filter(x => x.age > age); // } // 简写 return (age) => { return state.stus.filter(x => x.age > age); } }
使用:this.$store.getters.stus2(18),会把大于18的全部查出来。
9.actions,当有异步操作时,在actions中完成。调用actions:this.$store.dispatch('aUpdateInfo',{name:'jay'});第二个参数是payload。
示例代码:
import Vue from 'vue' import Vuex from 'vuex' Vue.use(Vuex) const stus = [{ name: 'jay1', age: 16 }, { name: 'jay2', age: 20 }, { name: 'jay3', age: 30 }]; const store = new Vuex.Store({ state: { count: 100, moreCount: 0, stus: stus }, mutations: { increment(state, payload) { state.count += payload.step; }, decrement(state, payload) { state.count -= payload.step; }, updateCount(state, payload) { state.moreCount = state.count * payload.multipleQty; } }, actions: { updateInfoActions(context) { setTimeout(() => { context.commit('updateCount', { multipleQty: 20 }); }, 1000); } }, getters: { // 计算属性 powerCount(state, getters) { return state.count * state.count; }, stus1(state, getters, rootState, rootGetters) { return state.stus.filter(x => x.age > 10); }, stus1Length(state, getters, rootState, rootGetters) { return getters.stus1.length; }, stus2(state) { // return function (age) { // return state.stus.filter(x => x.age > age); // } // 简写 return (age) => { return state.stus.filter(x => x.age > age); } } }, modules: {} }) export default store