Android笔记(三十六) AsyncTask是如何执行的?

      在上一个例子中,我们是在LoadImage的onPostExecute中修改的UI,不是说只允许在主线程中修改UI吗?我们看一下源代码是如何操作的。

      MainActicity.java

package cn.lixyz.asynctest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class MainActivity extends Activity{

    private Button button;
    private ImageView imageView;
    private ProgressBar progressBar;
    private String URL="http://ww3.sinaimg.cn/bmiddle/612c96afjw1ewwftl3uqkj20u00koq48.jpg";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //获取组件
        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
        progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);

        //给button设置点击事件,点击按钮,启动异步任务
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                new LoadImage().execute(URL);
            }
        });


    }

    class LoadImage extends AsyncTask<String,Void,Bitmap>{


        //开始执行耗时操作,连接网络获取图片,并且将Bitmap返回
        @Override
        protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
            String url = params[0];
            Bitmap bitmap = null;
            URLConnection connection;
            InputStream is;
            try {
                connection = new URL(url).openConnection();
                Thread.sleep(5000);
                is = connection.getInputStream();
                BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
                bitmap  = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(bis);
                is.close();
                bis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return bitmap;
        }

        //onPreExcute方法是在doInBackGround方法前执行,用于做一些初始化操作,这里将progressBar显示出来
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }


        //doInBackGround方法执行后,会自动执行该方法,获取到doInBackGround返回的对象,然后更改UI
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
            super.onPostExecute(bitmap);
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }
    }
}
View Code

      acticity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="4">
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/imageView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
        <ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/progressBar"
            android:visibility="gone"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"
            style="@style/Widget.AppCompat.ProgressBar"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </RelativeLayout>


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:text="点击载入" />
</LinearLayout>
View Code

      先找到AsyncTask的构造函数:

    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                return postResult(result);
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

      可以看到在AsyncTask的构造函数中,仅仅初始化了两个变量 mWorker 和 mFuture 

      接着启动AsyncTask,我们找到 execute 方法:

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

      可以看到,在 execute() 方法中,只执行了一个 executeOnExecutor() ,我们继续看executeOnExecutor方法:

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

      可以看到,在 executeOnExecutor() 方法中,先判断了AsyncTask的状态,如果是 RUNNING 或者是 FINISHED 的话,则会抛出 IllegalStateException 异常,如果不是,则将AsyncTask的状态设置为 RUNNING  ,然后执行 onPreExecute() 方法,我们再看这个方法:

    @MainThread
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }

      这个方法又没有做任何操作,之前我们讲过, onPreExecute() 方法是在执行 doInBackGround() 之前执行,用来做一些初始化操作的,所以如果我们有需要的话,就需要自己重写 onPreExecute() 方法了。

  接着看 executeOnExecutor() 方法,在执行完 onPreExecute() 方法之后,继续往下,将 params 赋值给 mWorker.mParams 之后,又执行了 exec.execute(mFuture) , mFuture 是在前面的构造方法中初始化的,我们看代码:

    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);

                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                return postResult(result);
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

  可以看到在这里调用了 doInBackground() 方法,并最后返回了 postResult(result) ,再继续看,找到 postResult(result) 

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

  可以看到,在这部分代码中,显示获取到了一个Handler,然后调用这个Handler对象的obtainMessage()方法得到一个Message对象,我们看一下获取到的这个Handler对象:

    private static Handler getHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }

  发现是一个 InternalHandler 对象,继续找这个 InternalHandler 对象

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

  这里就清楚了,获取到的是一个 MainLooper ,也就是说获取的是在主线程中的Handler,也就是说,上面的操作最后将Message发送到了主线程中,然后根据发送过来的消息是  MESSAGE_POST_RESULT  还是 MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS 来判断该执行什么方法

  如果是 MESSAGE_POST_RESULT  ,我们查看finish方法:

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

  到这里,就一目了然了,调用了onPostResult方法更新UI。

  整个流程走完,会发现其实AsyncTask还是Handler机制,只不过是对线程做了优化和封装而已

 

更多内容:

  Android应用AsyncTask处理机制详解及源码分析

  Android异步类AsyncTask详解

posted @ 2015-10-11 17:58  li-xyz  阅读(259)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报