参考来源:
https://blog.csdn.net/anxiaoxi45/article/details/39449445
https://www.cnblogs.com/yalphait/articles/8685586.html
https://uinika.gitee.io/Zen/LaTex/
官网:https://www.latex-project.org/
LaTeX 是一种高质量的排版格式,可以生成复杂的表格与数学公式,是当前电子与数学出版行业的事实标准。本文以 Pandoc 作为 LaTex 渲染引擎(一款用于标记语言文档转换的命令行工具),分门别类的总结了撰写数学公式所需要经常使用到的 LaTeX 语法,方便写作相关科技类文章时随手查阅。
LaTeX 环境中具有特殊含义的保留字符,不能直接使用,必须通过指定的语法实现:
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
# |
\# |
6 |
{ |
\{ |
2 |
% |
\% |
7 |
} |
\} |
3 |
∧ |
^\wedge |
8 |
∼ |
\sim |
4 |
& |
\& |
9 |
∖ |
\backslash |
5 |
_ |
\_ |
|
|
|
希腊字母
序号 |
标准符号 |
LaTeX |
首字母大写 |
LaTeX |
使用 var 前缀 |
LaTeX |
读音 |
1 |
α |
\alpha |
|
|
|
|
/ˈælfə/ |
2 |
β |
\beta |
|
|
|
|
/ˈbeɪtə/ |
3 |
γ |
\gamma |
Γ |
\Gamma |
Γ |
\varGamma |
/ˈɡæmə/ |
4 |
δ |
\delta |
Δ |
\Delta |
Δ |
\varDelta |
/ˈdɛltə/ |
5 |
ϵ |
\epsilon |
|
|
ε |
\varepsilon |
/ˈɛpsɪlɒn/ |
6 |
ζ |
\zeta |
|
|
|
|
/ˈzeɪtə/ |
7 |
η |
\eta |
|
|
|
|
/ˈeɪtə/ |
8 |
θ |
\theta |
Θ |
\Theta |
ϑ、Θ |
\vartheta 、\varTheta |
/ˈθiːtə/ |
9 |
ι |
\iota |
|
|
|
|
/aɪˈoʊtə/ |
10 |
κ |
\kappa |
|
|
ϰ |
\varkappa |
/ˈkæpə/ |
11 |
λ |
\lambda |
Λ |
\Lambda |
Λ |
\varLambda |
/ˈlæmdə/ |
12 |
μ |
\mu |
|
|
|
|
/mjuː/ |
13 |
ν |
\nu |
|
|
|
|
/njuː/ |
14 |
ξ |
\xi |
Ξ |
\Xi |
Ξ |
\varXi |
/zaɪ, ksaɪ/ |
15 |
o |
o |
O |
O |
|
|
/ˈɒmɪkrɒn/ |
16 |
π |
\pi |
Π |
\Pi |
ϖ、Π |
\varpi 、\varPi |
/paɪ/ |
17 |
ρ |
\rho |
|
|
ϱ |
\varrho |
/roʊ/ |
18 |
σ |
\sigma |
Σ |
\Sigma |
ς、Σ |
\varsigma 、\varSigma |
/ˈsɪɡmə/ |
19 |
τ |
\tau |
|
|
|
|
/taʊ, tɔː/ |
20 |
υ |
\upsilon |
Υ |
\Upsilon |
Υ |
\varUpsilon |
/ˈʌpsɪlɒn/ |
21 |
ϕ |
\phi |
Φ |
\Phi |
φ、Φ |
\varphi 、\varPhi |
/faɪ/ |
22 |
χ |
\chi |
|
|
|
|
/kaɪ/ |
23 |
ψ |
\psi |
Ψ |
\Psi |
Ψ |
\varPsi |
/psaɪ/ |
24 |
ω |
\omega |
Ω |
\Omega |
Ω |
\varOmega |
/oʊˈmeɪɡə/ |
25 |
ϝ |
\digamma |
|
|
|
|
/daɪ'gæmə/ |
希伯来字母
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
英文 |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
英文 |
1 |
ℵ |
\aleph |
aleph |
3 |
ℷ |
\gimel |
gimel |
2 |
ℶ |
\beth |
beth |
4 |
ℸ |
\daleth |
daleth |
二元运算符
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
+ |
+ |
20 |
∙ |
\bullet |
2 |
− |
- |
21 |
⊕ |
\oplus |
3 |
× |
\times |
22 |
⊖ |
\ominus |
4 |
÷ |
\div |
23 |
⊙ |
\odot |
5 |
± |
\pm |
24 |
⊘ |
\oslash |
6 |
∓ |
\mp |
25 |
⊗ |
\otimes |
7 |
◃ |
\triangleleft |
26 |
◯ |
\bigcirc |
8 |
▹ |
\triangleright |
27 |
⋄ |
\diamond |
9 |
⋅ |
\cdot |
28 |
⊎ |
\uplus |
10 |
∖ |
\setminus |
29 |
△ |
\bigtriangleup |
11 |
⋆ |
\star |
30 |
▽ |
\bigtriangledown |
12 |
∗ |
\ast |
31 |
⊲ |
\lhd |
13 |
∪ |
\cup |
32 |
⊳ |
\rhd |
14 |
∩ |
\cap |
33 |
⊴ |
\unlhd |
15 |
⊔ |
\sqcup |
34 |
⊵ |
\unrhd |
16 |
⊓ |
\sqcap |
35 |
⨿ |
\amalg |
17 |
∨ |
\vee |
36 |
≀ |
\wr |
18 |
∧ |
\wedge |
37 |
† |
\dagger |
19 |
∘ |
\circ |
38 |
‡ |
\ddagger |
二元关系符
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
= |
= |
49 |
⪈ |
\gneq |
2 |
≠ |
\ne |
50 |
≧ |
\geqq |
3 |
≠ |
\neq |
51 |
≱ |
\ngeq |
4 |
≡ |
\equiv |
52 |
≱ |
\ngeqq |
5 |
≢ |
\not\equiv |
53 |
≩ |
\gneqq |
6 |
≐ |
\doteq |
54 |
≩ |
\gvertneqq |
7 |
≑ |
\doteqdot |
55 |
≶ |
\lessgtr |
8 |
=def |
\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} |
56 |
⋚ |
\lesseqgtr |
9 |
:= |
:= |
57 |
⪋ |
\lesseqqgtr |
10 |
∼ |
\sim |
58 |
≷ |
\gtrless |
11 |
≁ |
\nsim |
59 |
⋛ |
\gtreqless |
12 |
∽ |
\backsim |
60 |
⪌ |
\gtreqqless |
13 |
∼ |
\thicksim |
61 |
⩽ |
\leqslant |
14 |
≃ |
\simeq |
62 |
⪇ |
\nleqslant |
15 |
⋍ |
\backsimeq |
63 |
⪕ |
\eqslantless |
16 |
≂ |
\eqsim |
64 |
⩾ |
\geqslant |
17 |
≅ |
\cong |
65 |
⪈ |
\ngeqslant |
18 |
≇ |
\ncong |
66 |
⪖ |
\eqslantgtr |
19 |
≈ |
\approx |
67 |
≲ |
\lesssim |
20 |
≈ |
\thickapprox |
68 |
⋦ |
\lnsim |
21 |
≊ |
\approxeq |
69 |
⪅ |
\lessapprox |
22 |
≍ |
\asymp |
70 |
⪉ |
\lnapprox |
23 |
∝ |
\propto |
71 |
≳ |
\gtrsim |
24 |
∝ |
\varpropto |
72 |
⋧ |
\gnsim |
25 |
< |
< |
73 |
⪆ |
\gtrapprox |
26 |
≮ |
\nless |
74 |
⪊ |
\gnapprox |
27 |
≪ |
\ll |
75 |
≺ |
\prec |
28 |
≪̸ |
\not\ll |
76 |
⊀ |
\nprec |
29 |
⋘ |
\lll |
77 |
⪯ |
\preceq |
30 |
⋘̸ |
\not\lll |
78 |
⋠ |
\npreceq |
31 |
⋖ |
\lessdot |
79 |
⪵ |
\precneqq |
32 |
> |
> |
80 |
≻ |
\succ |
33 |
≯ |
\ngtr |
81 |
⊁ |
\nsucc |
34 |
≫ |
\gg |
82 |
⪰ |
\succeq |
35 |
≫̸ |
\not\gg |
83 |
⋡ |
\nsucceq |
36 |
⋙ |
\ggg |
84 |
⪶ |
\succneqq |
37 |
⋙̸ |
\not\ggg |
85 |
≼ |
\preccurlyeq |
38 |
⋗ |
\gtrdot |
86 |
⋞ |
\curlyeqprec |
39 |
≤ |
\le |
87 |
≽ |
\succcurlyeq |
40 |
≤ |
\leq |
88 |
⋟ |
\curlyeqsucc |
41 |
⪇ |
\lneq |
89 |
≾ |
\precsim |
42 |
≦ |
\leqq |
90 |
⋨ |
\precnsim |
43 |
≰ |
\nleq |
91 |
⪷ |
\precapprox |
44 |
≰ |
\nleqq |
92 |
⪹ |
\precnapprox |
45 |
≨ |
\lneqq |
93 |
≿ |
\succsim |
46 |
≨ |
\lvertneqq |
94 |
⋩ |
\succnsim |
47 |
≥ |
\ge |
95 |
⪸ |
\succapprox |
48 |
≥ |
\geq |
96 |
⪺ |
\succnapprox |
几何符号
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
∥ |
\parallel |
14 |
◊ |
\lozenge |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
∦ |
\nparallel |
15 |
⧫ |
\blacklozenge |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
∥ |
\shortparallel |
16 |
★ |
\bigstar |
4 |
∦ |
\nshortparallel |
17 |
◯ |
\bigcirc |
5 |
⊥ |
\perp |
18 |
△ |
\triangle |
6 |
∠ |
\angle |
19 |
△ |
\bigtriangleup |
7 |
∢ |
\sphericalangle |
20 |
▽ |
\bigtriangledown |
8 |
∡ |
\measuredangle |
21 |
△ |
\vartriangle |
9 |
45∘ |
45^\circ |
22 |
▽ |
\triangledown |
10 |
◻ |
\Box |
23 |
▴ |
\blacktriangle |
11 |
◼ |
\blacksquare |
24 |
▾ |
\blacktriangledown |
12 |
⋄ |
\diamond |
25 |
◂ |
\blacktriangleleft |
13 |
◊◊ |
\Diamond \lozenge |
26 |
▸ |
\blacktriangleright |
逻辑符号
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
∀ |
\forall |
20 |
¬ |
\neg |
2 |
∃ |
\exists |
21 |
⧸R |
\not\operatorname{R} |
3 |
∄ |
\nexists |
22 |
⊥ |
\bot |
4 |
∴ |
\therefore |
23 |
⊤ |
\top |
5 |
∵ |
\because |
24 |
⊢ |
\vdash |
6 |
& |
\And |
25 |
⊣ |
\dashv |
7 |
∨ |
\lor |
26 |
⊨ |
\vDash |
8 |
∨ |
\vee |
27 |
⊩ |
\Vdash |
9 |
⋎ |
\curlyvee |
28 |
⊨ |
\models |
10 |
⋁ |
\bigvee |
29 |
⊪ |
\Vvdash |
11 |
∧ |
\land |
30 |
⊬ |
\nvdash |
12 |
∧ |
\wedge |
31 |
⊮ |
\nVdash |
13 |
⋏ |
\curlywedge |
32 |
⊭ |
\nvDash |
14 |
⋀ |
\bigwedge |
33 |
⊯ |
\nVDash |
15 |
q¯ |
\bar{q} |
34 |
⌜ |
\ulcorner |
16 |
abc¯ |
\bar{abc} |
35 |
⌝ |
\urcorner |
17 |
q― |
\overline{q} |
36 |
⌞ |
\llcorner |
18 |
abc― |
\overline{abc} |
37 |
⌟ |
\lrcorner |
19 |
¬ |
\lnot |
|
|
|
集合符号
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
|
\{ \} |
23 |
⊏ |
\sqsubset |
2 |
∅ |
\emptyset |
24 |
⊃ |
\supset |
3 |
∅ |
\varnothing |
25 |
⋑ |
\Supset |
4 |
∈ |
\in |
26 |
⊐ |
\sqsupset |
5 |
∉ |
\notin |
27 |
⊆ |
\subseteq |
6 |
∋ |
\ni |
28 |
⊈ |
\nsubseteq |
7 |
∩ |
\cap |
29 |
⊊ |
\subsetneq |
8 |
⋒ |
\Cap |
30 |
⊊ |
\varsubsetneq |
9 |
⊓ |
\sqcap |
31 |
⊑ |
\sqsubseteq |
10 |
⋂ |
\bigcap |
32 |
⊇ |
\supseteq |
11 |
∪ |
\cup |
33 |
⊉ |
\nsupseteq |
12 |
⋓ |
\Cup |
34 |
⊋ |
\supsetneq |
13 |
⊔ |
\sqcup |
35 |
⊋ |
\varsupsetneq |
14 |
⋃ |
\bigcup |
36 |
⊒ |
\sqsupseteq |
15 |
⨆ |
\bigsqcup |
37 |
⫅ |
\subseteqq |
16 |
⊎ |
\uplus |
38 |
⊈ |
\nsubseteqq |
17 |
⨄ |
\biguplus |
39 |
⫋ |
\subsetneqq |
18 |
∖ |
\setminus |
40 |
⫋ |
\varsubsetneqq |
19 |
∖ |
\smallsetminus |
41 |
⫆ |
\supseteqq |
20 |
× |
\times |
42 |
⊉ |
\nsupseteqq |
21 |
⊂ |
\subset |
43 |
⫌ |
\supsetneqq |
22 |
⋐ |
\Subset |
44 |
⫌ |
\varsupsetneqq |
箭头符号
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
⇛ |
\Rrightarrow |
36 |
⟼ |
\longmapsto |
2 |
⇚ |
\Lleftarrow |
37 |
⇀ |
\rightharpoonup |
3 |
⇒ |
\Rightarrow |
38 |
⇁ |
\rightharpoondown |
4 |
⇏ |
\nRightarrow |
39 |
↼ |
\leftharpoonup |
5 |
⟹ |
\Longrightarrow |
40 |
↽ |
\leftharpoondown |
6 |
⟹ |
\implies |
41 |
↿ |
\upharpoonleft |
7 |
⇐ |
\Leftarrow |
42 |
↾ |
\upharpoonright |
8 |
⇍ |
\nLeftarrow |
43 |
⇃ |
\downharpoonleft |
9 |
⟸ |
\Longleftarrow |
44 |
⇂ |
\downharpoonright |
10 |
⇔ |
\Leftrightarrow |
45 |
⇌ |
\rightleftharpoons |
11 |
⇎ |
\nLeftrightarrow |
46 |
⇋ |
\leftrightharpoons |
12 |
⟺ |
\Longleftrightarrow |
47 |
↶ |
\curvearrowleft |
13 |
⟺ |
\iff |
48 |
↺ |
\circlearrowleft |
14 |
⇑ |
\Uparrow |
49 |
↰ |
\Lsh |
15 |
⇓ |
\Downarrow |
50 |
⇈ |
\upuparrows |
16 |
⇕ |
\Updownarrow |
51 |
⇉ |
\rightrightarrows |
17 |
→ |
\rightarrow |
52 |
⇄ |
\rightleftarrows |
18 |
→ |
\to |
53 |
↣ |
\rightarrowtail |
19 |
↛ |
\nrightarrow |
54 |
↬ |
\looparrowright |
20 |
⟶ |
\longrightarrow |
55 |
↷ |
\curvearrowright |
21 |
← |
\leftarrow |
56 |
↻ |
\circlearrowright |
22 |
← |
\gets |
57 |
↱ |
\Rsh |
23 |
↚ |
\nleftarrow |
58 |
⇊ |
\downdownarrows |
24 |
⟵ |
\longleftarrow |
59 |
⇇ |
\leftleftarrows |
25 |
↔ |
\leftrightarrow |
60 |
⇆ |
\leftrightarrows |
26 |
↮ |
\nleftrightarrow |
61 |
↢ |
\leftarrowtail |
27 |
⟷ |
\longleftrightarrow |
62 |
↫ |
\looparrowleft |
28 |
↑ |
\uparrow |
63 |
↪ |
\hookrightarrow |
29 |
↓ |
\downarrow |
64 |
↩ |
\hookleftarrow |
30 |
↕ |
\updownarrow |
65 |
⊸ |
\multimap |
31 |
↗ |
\nearrow |
66 |
↭ |
\leftrightsquigarrow |
32 |
↙ |
\swarrow |
67 |
⇝ |
\rightsquigarrow |
33 |
↖ |
\nwarrow |
68 |
↠ |
\twoheadrightarrow |
34 |
↘ |
\searrow |
69 |
↞ |
\twoheadleftarrow |
35 |
↦ |
\mapsto |
|
|
|
特殊符号
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
1 |
∞ |
\infty |
33 |
♭ |
\flat |
2 |
ℵ |
\aleph |
34 |
♮ |
\natural |
3 |
∁ |
\complement |
35 |
♯ |
\sharp |
4 |
∍ |
\backepsilon |
36 |
╱ |
\diagup |
5 |
ð |
\eth |
37 |
╲ |
\diagdown |
6 |
Ⅎ |
\Finv |
38 |
⋅ |
\centerdot |
7 |
ℏ |
\hbar |
39 |
⋉ |
\ltimes |
8 |
ℑ |
\Im |
40 |
⋊ |
\rtimes |
9 |
ı |
\imath |
41 |
⋋ |
\leftthreetimes |
10 |
ȷ |
\jmath |
42 |
⋌ |
\rightthreetimes |
11 |
𝕜k |
\Bbbk |
43 |
≖ |
\eqcirc |
12 |
ℓ |
\ell |
44 |
≗ |
\circeq |
13 |
℧ |
\mho |
45 |
≜ |
\triangleq |
14 |
℘ |
\wp |
46 |
≏ |
\bumpeq |
15 |
ℜ |
\Re |
47 |
≎ |
\Bumpeq |
16 |
Ⓢ |
\circledS |
48 |
≑ |
\doteqdot |
17 |
⨿ |
\amalg |
49 |
≓ |
\risingdotseq |
18 |
% |
\% |
50 |
≒ |
\fallingdotseq |
19 |
† |
\dagger |
51 |
⊺ |
\intercal |
20 |
‡ |
\ddagger |
52 |
⊼ |
\barwedge |
21 |
… |
\ldots |
53 |
⊻ |
\veebar |
22 |
⋯ |
\cdots |
54 |
⩞ |
\doublebarwedge |
23 |
⌣ |
\smile |
55 |
≬ |
\between |
24 |
⌢ |
\frown |
56 |
⋔ |
\pitchfork |
25 |
≀ |
\wr |
57 |
⊲ |
\vartriangleleft |
26 |
◃ |
\triangleleft |
58 |
⋪ |
\ntriangleleft |
27 |
▹ |
\triangleright |
59 |
⊳ |
\vartriangleright |
28 |
♢ |
\diamondsuit |
60 |
⋫ |
\ntriangleright |
29 |
♡ |
\heartsuit |
61 |
⊴ |
\trianglelefteq |
30 |
♣ |
\clubsuit |
62 |
⋬ |
\ntrianglelefteq |
31 |
♠ |
\spadesuit |
63 |
⊵ |
\trianglerighteq |
32 |
⅁ |
\Game |
64 |
⋭ |
\ntrianglerighteq |
分数
类型 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
分数
|
\(24x=0.5xor24x=0.5x\)
|
\frac{2}{4}x=0.5x or {2 \over 4}x=0.5x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
小型分数 |
\(\tfrac{2}{4}x = 0.5x\) |
\tfrac{2}{4}x = 0.5x |
大型分数 (不嵌套) |
\(\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a\) |
\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
大型分数 (嵌套) |
\(\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a\) |
\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
数值函数
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m\)
|
\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m
|
|
|
|
|
\(\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f\) |
\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f |
\(\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f\) |
\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f |
\(\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c\) |
\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c |
\(\operatorname{arccot} d, \operatorname{arcsec} e, \operatorname{arccsc} f\) |
\operatorname{arccot} d, \operatorname{arcsec} e, \operatorname{arccsc} f |
\(\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d\) |
\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d |
\(\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n\) |
\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n |
\(\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q\) |
\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q |
\(\operatorname{sgn}r, \left\vert s \right\vert\) |
\operatorname{sgn}r, \left\vert s \right\vert |
\(\min(x,y), \max(x,y)\) |
\min(x,y), \max(x,y) |
如果需要使用特殊的函数符号,那么可以采用 \operatorname{}
命令进行自定义:
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(\operatorname{mydefine}x\) |
\operatorname{mydefine}x |
根式
符号 |
LaTeX |
符号 |
LaTeX |
√
|
\surd
|
\(`\sqrt[n]{\pi}`\)
|
\sqrt[n]{\pi}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
π |
\sqrt{\pi} |
\(\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}*\) |
\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}* |
微分与导数
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi\)
|
dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi
|
|
|
|
|
\(dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y\) |
dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y |
\(\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y\) |
\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y |
模运算
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}\) |
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} |
\(a \bmod b\) |
a \bmod b |
\(\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)\) |
\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n) |
\(\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid\) |
\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid |
极限
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\) |
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
\(\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\) |
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
范围与预测
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t\)
|
\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t
|
|
|
|
|
\(\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w\) |
\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w |
\(\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi\) |
\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi |
\(\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z\) |
\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z |
积分
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx\)
|
\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx
|
|
|
|
|
\(\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx\) |
\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
\(\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x d\) |
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx |
\(\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx\) |
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx |
\(\iint\limits_D dx\,dy\) |
\iint\limits_D dx\,dy |
\(\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz\) |
\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz |
Erorr |
\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt |
\(\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy\) |
\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
\(\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy\) |
\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
注意 :积分符号采用 \int\_{}^{}
命令调用,双重积分符号采用 \iint\_{}^{}
,以此类推,最高可以支持四重积分。
曲线积分可以使用 \oint
命令调用,但是 MathJax 并不支持该语法,因此在开启了 Unicode 扩展的前提下,可以改为采用 \unicode{}
命令调用:
大型运算符
分类 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
符号 |
LaTeX |
求和
|
∑ab
|
\sum_{a}^{b}
|
∑ab
|
\textstyle \sum_{a}^{b}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
连乘积 |
∏ab |
\prod_{a}^{b} |
∏ab |
\textstyle \prod_{a}^{b} |
余积 |
∐ab |
\coprod_{a}^{b} |
∐ab |
\textstyle \coprod_{a}^{b} |
并集 |
⋃ab |
\bigcup_{a}^{b} |
⋃ab |
\textstyle \bigcup_{a}^{b} |
交集 |
⋂ab |
\bigcap_{a}^{b} |
⋂ab |
\textstyle \bigcap_{a}^{b} |
析取 |
⋁ab |
\bigvee_{a}^{b} |
⋁ab |
\textstyle \bigvee_{a}^{b} |
合取 |
⋀ab |
\bigwedge_{a}^{b} |
⋀ab |
\textstyle \bigwedge_{a}^{b} |
上下标
类型 |
符号 |
代码 |
上标
|
\(4x+2y=14\\2x-y=1\) |
a^2
a^{x+3}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
下标 |
\(a_2\) |
a_2 |
组合 |
\(10^{30} a^{2+2}\\a{i,j} b{f'}\) |
10^{30} a^{2+2}
a{i,j} b{f'} |
上下标混合 |
\(x_2^3\\{x_2}^3\) |
x_2^3
{x_2}^3 |
上标的上标 |
\(10^{10^{8}}\) |
10^{10^{8}} |
混合标识 |
\({1^2}{3^4}X_a^b\\{}_1^2!\Omega_3^4\) |
\sideset{1^2}{3^4}X_a^b
{}_1^2!\Omega_3^4 |
顶标底标 |
\(\overset {\alpha} {\omega} \\\underset {\alpha} {\omega} \\\overset {\alpha} {\underset {\gamma} {\omega} } \\\stackrel {\alpha} {\omega}\) |
\overset{\alpha}{\omega}
\underset{\alpha}{\omega}
\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}
\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega} |
导数 |
\(x', y'', f', f'' x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}\) |
x', y'', f', f'' x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime} |
导数点 |
\(\dot{x}, \ddot{x}\) |
\dot{x}, \ddot{x} |
上下划线与向量 |
\(\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c \\\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}\\\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}\) |
\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c
\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}
\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l} |
弧度 |
\(\overset{\frown} {AB}\) |
\overset{\frown} {AB} |
箭头 |
\(A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C\) |
A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C |
大括号 |
\(\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}\) |
\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050} |
底部大括号 |
\(\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}\) |
\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26} |
求和运算 |
\(\sum_{k=1}^N k^2\) |
\sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
文本模式下的求和运算 |
\(\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2\) |
\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
分式中的求和运算 |
\(\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}\) |
\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a} |
分式中的求和运算 |
\(\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}\) |
\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a} |
分式中的求和运算 |
\(\frac{\sum\limits^{^N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}\) |
\frac{\sum\limits^{^N}_{k=1} k^2}{a} |
乘积运算 |
\(\prod_{i=1}^N x_i\) |
\prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
乘积运算 |
\(\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i\) |
\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
副乘运算 |
\(\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i\) |
\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
副乘运算 |
\(\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i\) |
\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
极限 |
\(\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\) |
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
极限 |
\(\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\) |
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
积分 |
\(\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx\) |
\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
积分 |
\(\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx\) |
\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
积分 |
\(\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx\) |
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx |
积分 |
\(\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx\) |
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx |
双重积分 |
\(\iint\limits_D dx\,dy\) |
\iint\limits_D dx\,dy |
三重积分 |
\(\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz\) |
\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz |
三重积分 |
\(\iiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt\) |
\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt |
路径积分 |
\(\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy\) |
\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
环路积分 |
\(\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy\) |
\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
交集 |
\(\bigcap_{i=1}^n E_i\) |
\bigcap_{i=1}^n E_i |
并集 |
\(\bigcup_{i=1}^n E_i\) |
\bigcup_{i=1}^n E_i |
二项式系数
类型 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
二项式系数 |
\(\binom{n}{k}\) |
\binom{n}{k} |
小型二项式系数 |
\(\tbinom{n}{k}\) |
\tbinom{n}{k} |
大型二项式系数 |
\(\dbinom{n}{k}\) |
\dbinom{n}{k} |
矩阵
\[
\begin{align}
\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{matrix}
\\
\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}
\\
\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
\\
\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
\\
\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align}
\]
(1)
\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{matrix}
(2)
\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}
(3)
\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
(4)
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
(5)
\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
(6)
\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}
(7)
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\
c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
数组
\[
\begin{array}{ | c | c | c | }
a & b & S \\
\hline
0 & 0 & 1 \\
0 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 0
\end{array}
\]
\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}
方程与方程组
\[
\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}
\]
\begin{cases}
3x + 5y + z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}
条件定义
\[
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
\]
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
多行等式
\[
\begin{align}
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2\\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2
\end{align}
\\
\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2
\end{alignat}
\\
\begin{array}{lcl}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}
\\
\begin{array}{lcr}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}
\end{align}
\]
(12)
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (a+b)^2\\
& = a^2+2ab+b^2
\end{align}
(13)
\begin{alignat}{2}
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
& = a^2-2ab+b^2
\end{alignat}
(14)
\begin{array}{lcl}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}
(15)
\begin{array}{lcr}
z & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
\end{array}
自动编号
描述 |
符号 |
LaTex |
开启 AMS 扩展包的情况下,会在部分环境的多行公式后自动编号; |
\(E = mc^2 \\e^{i\pi}+1=0\) |
\begin E = mc2 \e{i\pi}+1=0\end |
整个公式都不进行编号,可以使用{equation*} 、{eqnarray*} 环境; |
\(E = mc^2 \\e^{i\pi}+1=0\) |
\begin{eqnarray*} E = mc2 \e{i\pi}+1=0\end{eqnarray*} |
单个方程不进行编号,可以在指定方程后面添加\nonumber 命令; |
\(E = mc^2 \\e^{i\pi}+1=0\) |
\begin E = mc2 \e{i\pi}+1=0 \nonumber\end |
个别公式出现或者不出现编号,可以在公式后使用\tag{} 或者\notag 命令; |
\(E = mc^2 \notag\\e^{i\pi}+1=0 (b)\) |
\begin E = mc2 \notag\e{i\pi}+1=0 \tag\end |
括号
类型 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
圆括号、小括号 |
\(\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )\) |
\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right ) |
方括号、中括号 |
\(\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ]\left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack\) |
\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ]
\left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack |
花括号、大括号 |
\(\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \}\left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace\) |
\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \}
\left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace |
角括号 |
\(\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle\) |
\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle |
单竖线和双竖线 |
\(\left \vert \frac{a}{b} \right \vert\left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \Vert\) |
\left \vert \frac{a}{b} \right \vert
\left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \Vert
|
取整函数与取顶函数 |
\(\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil\) |
\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor
\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil |
斜线与反斜线 |
\(\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash\) |
\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash |
上下箭头 |
\(\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow\) |
\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow
\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow
\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow |
混合括号 |
\(\left [ 0,1 \right )\left \langle \psi \right \vert\) |
\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right \vert |
使用\left. 和\right. 不显示某侧的括号; |
\(\left. \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X\) |
\left. \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X |
注意 :在 Markdown 当中使用 LaTeX 时,为了避免语法冲突,花括号{}
必须采用\{
和\}
进行转义,或者改用\lbrace
和\rbrace
的方式;如果是在 Markdown 表格当中使用 LaTeX,则必须采用 \vert
或者 \Vert
代替直接在公式当中书写 |
和||
。
括号尺寸
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]\)
|
( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]
|
|
|
|
|
\(\{ \bigl \{ \Bigl \{ \biggl \{ \Biggl \{ \dots \Biggr\rangle \biggr\rangle \Bigr\rangle \bigr\rangle \rangle\) |
\{ \bigl \{ \Bigl \{ \biggl \{ \Biggl \{ \dots \Biggr\rangle \biggr\rangle \Bigr\rangle \bigr\rangle \rangle
|
|
|
\(\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots \Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \rceil\) |
\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots \Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \rceil |
\(\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow\) |
\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow |
\(\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow\) |
\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow |
\(/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash\) |
/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash |
\(\vert \big \vert \Big \vert \bigg \vert \Bigg \vert \dots \Bigg \vert \bigg \vert \Big \vert \big \vert\) |
\vert \big \vert \Big \vert \bigg \vert \Bigg \vert \dots \Bigg \vert \bigg \vert \Big \vert \big \vert |
空格与换行
序号 |
符号 |
LaTeX |
双空格 |
\(a \qquad b\) |
a \qquad b |
单空格 |
\(a \quad b\) |
a \quad b |
字符空格 |
\(a\ b\) |
a\ b |
文本模式中的字符空格 |
\(a \text{ } b\) |
a \text{ } b |
大空格 |
\(a\;b\) |
a\;b |
小空格 |
\(a\,b\) |
a\,b |
极小空格 |
\(ab\) |
ab |
极小空格 (用于区分语法) |
\(a b\) |
a b |
无空格 (用于区分多字母变量) |
\(\mathit{ab}\) |
\mathit{ab} |
MathJax 3.0 取消了单行公式环境下\\
的强制换行功能,因此强制换行命令\\
仅能用于eqnarray
、align
、array
、matrix
等多行环境当中。除此之外,还可以在\displaylines{}
行显示命令当中使用\\
强制换行命令:
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(y=1729x \\ y=1729-x\) |
y=1729x \\ y=1729-x |
颜色
LaTeX 默认支持下面表格当中的文本颜色:
字体颜色
公式当中可以使用\color{options}{math}
调用颜色命令,第 1 个参数为 颜色 ,第 2 个参数为 公式内容 :
符号 |
LaTeX |
\({\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}\)
|
{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}
|
|
|
|
|
背景颜色
文本环境中可以使用\colorbox{options}{text}
来调用背景颜色命令,第 1 个参数为 颜色 ,第 2 个颜色为 公式内容 :
符号 |
LaTeX |
\(\colorbox{yellow}{Thistext}\) |
\colorbox{yellow}{Thistext} |
该命令应用于数学环境当中时,需要在第 2 个参数加入$\displaystyle + 公式$
:
\(\colorbox{yellow}{\)\displaystyle \frac\(}\) |
\colorbox{yellow}{$\displaystyle \frac{a}{b}$} |
注意 :在 Markdown 内联 LaTeX 公式$...\(当中使用\)\displaystyle + 公式$语法时将会引发冲突,因此该语法仅用于多行公式 \(...\)。
字号尺寸
符号 |
LaTeX |
\({\tiny abc极小tiny}\) |
{\tiny abc极小tiny} |
\({\scriptsize abc 超小 scriptsize}\) |
{\scriptsize abc 超小 scriptsize} |
\({\small abc 小 small}\) |
{\small abc 小 small} |
\({\normalsize abc 正常 normal}\) |
{\normalsize abc 正常 normal} |
\({\large abc 大 large}\) |
{\large abc 大 large} |
\({\Large abc 超大 Large}\) |
{\Large abc 超大 Large} |
\({\LARGE abc 特大 LARGE}\) |
{\LARGE abc 特大 LARGE} |
\({\huge abc 巨大 huge}\) |
{\huge abc 巨大 huge} |
\({\Huge abc 巨无霸 Huge}\) |
{\Huge abc 巨无霸 Huge} |