kubernets-基本使用

作者：雪庆华
原创作品，严禁转载！

1.资源清单的结构

apiVersion:资源的API版本号。固定的，但定义时必须声明。
kind:资源的类型。固定的，但定义时必须声明。	
metadata:元数据资源，用于描述资源的信息。包括但不限于： name，labels，namespace，annotations。
spec:期望资源的运行状态。
status:资源的实际状态，由K8S组件自行维护。书写时可忽略

2.资源清单使用案例

2.1.创建工作目录
[root@master231 ~]# mkdir -pv /huazai/manifests/pods
[root@master231 ~]# cd /huazai/manifests/pods

2.2.编写资源清单 
[root@master231 pods]# cat 01-pods-xiuxian.yaml
# 声明资源的版本号
apiVersion: v1
# 声明资源的类型
kind: Pod
# 声明资源的元数据信息
metadata:
  # 声明资源的名称
  name: huazai-v1-xiuxian
# 定义资源的期望状态
spec:
  # 定义容器的相关配置
  containers:
    # 定义容器的名称
  - name: c1
    # 定义镜像的名称
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v1
#这又有个坑，说明文档没有写必填镜像，但是如果不填就会报错

2.3.创建资源 
	方式一
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl create -f 01-pods-xiuxian.yaml  
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian created
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl create -f 01-pods-xiuxian.yaml   # 非"幂等性"
Error from server (AlreadyExists): error when creating "01-pods-xiuxian.yaml": pods "huazai-v1-xiuxian" already exists

	方式二（推荐）
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 01-pods-xiuxian.yaml   
# "幂等性"，如果资源存在则尝试更新，如果不存在则创建。
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian unchanged
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 01-pods-xiuxian.yaml 
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian unchanged

2.4.查看资源
	1 查看Pod资源列表
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods 
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
huazai-v1-xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          5m27s

	2 以长格式显示资源列表
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
huazai-v1-xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          5m34s   10.100.2.5   worker233   <none>           <none>

		相关资源说明:
			NAME
				资源的名称。
			READY:
				以"/"为分隔符，右侧的数字表示Pod有多少个容器。左侧的数字表示Pod内有多少个容器处于运行状态。
			STATUS:
				资源是否处于就绪状态，目前认为"Running"就表示资源处于正常运行状态。
			RESTARTS:
				Pod内容器的重启次数总和。
			AGE:
				表示该资源创建的时间统计。
			IP:
				表示Pod的IP地址。
			NODE:
				表示Pod调度到哪个worker node节点。
	
2.5.删除资源
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl delete -f 01-pods-xiuxian.yaml 
pod "huazai-v1-xiuxian" deleted

[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods -o wide
No resources found in default namespace.

3. 基于标签的增删改查

1.资源没有标签 
[root@master231 pods]# cat 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels
  # 给资源打标签，标签的key和value都可以自定义
  #labels:
  #  school: huazai
  #  class: v1
spec:
  containers:
  - name: c1
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v1
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels created
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels   1/1     Running   0          12s   <none>
[root@master231 pods]#

2.编写资源清单
[root@master231 pods]# cat 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels
  # 给资源打标签，标签的key和value都可以自定义
  labels:
    school: huazai
    class: v1
spec:
  containers:
  - name: c1
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v1
[root@master231 pods]# 

3.给资源打标签
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels configured
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels   1/1     Running   0          73s   class=v1,school=huazai
[root@master231 pods]# 


4.基于标签匹配Pod，从而删除Pod
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels   1/1     Running   0          4m13s   class=v1,school=huazai
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl delete pods -l class=v1
pod "huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels" deleted
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@master231 pods]# 

5.基于名字删除
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml 
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels created
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels   1/1     Running   0          5s    class=v1,school=huazai
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# cat 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels
  # 给资源打标签，标签的key和value都可以自定义
  #labels:
  #  school: huazai
  #  class: v1
spec:
  containers:
  - name: c1
    image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v1
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 02-pods-xiuxian-labels.yaml 
pod/huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels configured
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels   1/1     Running   0          71s   <none>
[root@master231 pods]# 

6.基于资源的名称删除Pod
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels   1/1     Running   0          2m31s   <none>
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl delete pod huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels 
pod "huazai-v1-xiuxian-labels" deleted
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@master231 pods]#

4.响应式管理Pod资源

1.创建Pod资源
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl run xiuxian --image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v1
pod/xiuxian created

2.查看Pod资源
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.100.2.8   worker233   <none>           <none>
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# curl 10.100.2.8

3.给资源打标签 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          2m25s   run=xiuxian
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl label pod xiuxian class=v1 school=huazai
pod/xiuxian labeled
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          2m35s   class=v1,run=xiuxian,school=huazai


4.修改资源的标签 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          3m16s   class=v1,run=xiuxian,school=huazai
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl label pod xiuxian school=laonanhai --overwrite 
pod/xiuxian labeled
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
xiuxian   1/1     Running   0          4m43s   class=v1,run=xiuxian,school=laonanhai
[root@master231 pods]# 

  
5.删除Pod资源
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
xiuxian    1/1     Running   0          5m32s   class=v1,run=xiuxian,school=laonanhai
xiuxian2   1/1     Running   0          2s      run=xiuxian2
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl delete pod --all
pod "xiuxian" deleted
pod "xiuxian2" deleted
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@master231 pods]#

5.将多个资源合并为一个资源清单

[root@master231 pods]# cat 05-pods-all-in-one-file.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: xiuxian-v1
  labels:
    apps: v1
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  nodeName: worker232
  containers:
  - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v1 
    name: xiuxian

# 此处的"---"表示一个文件的结束
---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: xiuxian-v2
  labels:
    apps: v2
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  nodeName: worker233
  containers:
  - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huazai007-k8s/apps:v2
    name: xiuxian
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl apply -f 05-pods-all-in-one-file.yaml
pod/xiuxian-v1 created
pod/xiuxian-v2 created
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods -o wide --show-labels
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
xiuxian-v1   1/1     Running   0          6s    10.0.0.232   worker232   <none>           <none>            apps=v1
xiuxian-v2   1/1     Running   0          6s    10.0.0.233   worker233   <none>           <none>            apps=v2
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl delete pods -l apps
pod "xiuxian-v1" deleted
pod "xiuxian-v2" deleted
[root@master231 pods]# 
[root@master231 pods]# kubectl get pods -o wide --show-labels
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@master231 pods]#
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