模块的导入，模块的制作和发布

 

模块分为三种：

1、自定义模块

2、第三方模块

3、内置模块

不能导入一个跟内置模块同名的自定义模块。

运行一个py文件，会导入当前文件所在文件夹的路径到sys.path里。

导入模块就是到sys.path所有的路径里查找这个模块，如果有就导入成功，没有就失败。 

导入目录的本质就是执行该目录下面的__init__.py文件 

 注意：两个程序不要互相调用模块

如果文件夹下有__init__.py文件，就称这个文件夹为包，这个时候可以直接导入这个文件夹

zhou@ubuntu:~/python/01-模块$ ll TestMsg/
total 28
drwxrwxr-x 3 zhou zhou 4096 1月   9 23:00 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 zhou zhou 4096 1月   9 23:00 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zhou zhou   72 1月   9 22:41 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 zhou zhou   30 1月   9 15:26 main.py
drwxr-xr-x 2 zhou zhou 4096 1月   9 22:41 __pycache__/
-rw-r--r-- 1 zhou zhou   42 1月   9 22:16 recvmsg.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 zhou zhou   42 1月   9 22:15 sendmsg.py
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/01-模块$ cat TestMsg/__init__.py
__all__ = ["sendmsg", "recvmsg"] #控制当前包里想要被导入的代码
from . import sendmsg #如果想直接import 包名，需要加入这一行；如果用from . import * 不用加这一行
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/01-模块$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import TestMsg

In [2]: TestMsg.sendmsg.test1()
-----test1-----

　　

zhou@ubuntu:~/python/01-模块$ cat TestMsg/__init__.py
__all__ = ["sendmsg", "recvmsg"]
#from . import sendmsg #注销这一行后用import 包名，导入失败
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/01-模块$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import TestMsg

In [2]: TestMsg.sendmsg.test1()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-b0b1a37d886d> in <module>()
----> 1 TestMsg.sendmsg.test1()

AttributeError: module 'TestMsg' has no attribute 'sendmsg'

　　

 

 模块的制作和发布

zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ cat TestMsg/__init__.py 
__all__ = ["sendmsg", "recvmsg"]
from . import *
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ cat TestMsg/sendmsg.py 
def test1():
    print("-----test1-----")
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ cat TestMsg/recvmsg.py 
def test2():
    print("-----test2-----")

zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ tree
.
├── setup.py
└── TestMsg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── main.py
    ├── recvmsg.py
    └── sendmsg.py
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ cat setup.py
from distutils.core import setup
 
setup(name="zzm", version="1.0", description="zzm's module", author="zzm", py_modules=['TestMsg.sendmsg', 'TestMsg.recvmsg'])
#py_modules后面的列表中需指明该包中需要包含哪些模块。


#构建模块
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ python3 setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/TestMsg
copying TestMsg/__init__.py -> build/lib/TestMsg
copying TestMsg/sendmsg.py -> build/lib/TestMsg
copying TestMsg/recvmsg.py -> build/lib/TestMsg
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ tree
.
├── build
│   └── lib
│       └── TestMsg
│           ├── __init__.py
│           ├── recvmsg.py
│           └── sendmsg.py
├── setup.py
└── TestMsg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── main.py
    ├── recvmsg.py
    └── sendmsg.py
 
4 directories, 8 files

#生成发布压缩包
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ python3 setup.py sdist　　
running sdist
running check
warning: check: missing required meta-data: url
 
warning: check: missing meta-data: if 'author' supplied, 'author_email' must be supplied too
 
warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list)
 
warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt
 
writing manifest file 'MANIFEST'
creating zzm-1.0
creating zzm-1.0/TestMsg
making hard links in zzm-1.0...
hard linking setup.py -> zzm-1.0
hard linking TestMsg/__init__.py -> zzm-1.0/TestMsg
hard linking TestMsg/recvmsg.py -> zzm-1.0/TestMsg
hard linking TestMsg/sendmsg.py -> zzm-1.0/TestMsg
creating dist
Creating tar archive
removing 'zzm-1.0' (and everything under it)
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ tree
.
├── build
│   └── lib
│       └── TestMsg
│           ├── __init__.py
│           ├── recvmsg.py
│           └── sendmsg.py
├── dist
│   └── zzm-1.0.tar.gz
├── MANIFEST
├── setup.py
└── TestMsg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── main.py
    ├── recvmsg.py
    └── sendmsg.py
 
5 directories, 10 files

#安装制作好的模块
zhou@ubuntu:~/python/02-模块发布$ cp dist/zzm-1.0.tar.gz ~
zhou@ubuntu:~$ tar xf zzm-1.0.tar.gz
zhou@ubuntu:~$ cd zzm-1.0/
zhou@ubuntu:~/zzm-1.0$ tree
.
├── build
│   └── lib
│       └── TestMsg
│           ├── __init__.py
│           ├── recvmsg.py
│           └── sendmsg.py
├── PKG-INFO
├── setup.py
└── TestMsg
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── recvmsg.py
    └── sendmsg.py
 
zhou@ubuntu:~/zzm-1.0$ cat PKG-INFO
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: zzm
Version: 1.0
Summary: zzm's module
Home-page: UNKNOWN
Author: zzm
Author-email: UNKNOWN
License: UNKNOWN
Description: UNKNOWN
Platform: UNKNOWN
 
zhou@ubuntu:~/zzm-1.0$ sudo python3 setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
running install_lib
creating /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg
copying build/lib/TestMsg/recvmsg.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg
copying build/lib/TestMsg/sendmsg.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg
copying build/lib/TestMsg/__init__.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg/recvmsg.py to recvmsg.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg/sendmsg.py to sendmsg.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/TestMsg/__init__.py to __init__.cpython-36.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/zzm-1.0.egg-info

#测试安装的模块
zhou@ubuntu:~/zzm-1.0$ cd
zhou@ubuntu:~$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 
IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.
 
In [1]: import TestMsg
 
In [2]: TestMsg.sendmsg.test1()
-----test1-----

　　

在程序中重新导入模块　　

In [5]: import TestMsg

In [6]: from imp import *

In [7]: reload(TestMsg)
Out[7]: <module 'TestMsg' from '/home/zhou/python/01-模块/TestMsg/__init__.py'>

　　

　　

　　

 

 

 

 

from  xxx import xxx

可以导入，函数，类，

实例： 

目录结构

account.py

def login():
    print('login')

def logout():
    print('logout')

def register():
    print('register')

导入方式一：

index.py

from lib import account

account.login()

以上代码执行结果

login

导入方式二：

index.py

from lib.account import logout

logout()

以上代码执行结果

logout

导入方式三：

index.py

from lib.account import logout as aaa
aaa()

以上代码执行结果

logout

导入方式四：（不推荐）

index.py

import lib.account

lib.account.login()

以上代码执行结果

login

导入目录：

目录结构：

__init__.py

def f1():
    return 'F1'

test.py

from src import plugins

ret = plugins.f1()
print(ret)

以上代码执行结果

F1

添加sys.path路径

添加当前文件的上级目录路径到sys.path

import os,sys

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)

拼接路径

import os,sys

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)
print(BASE_DIR)
print(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'bin1','test.py'))

以上代码执行结果

F:\zhou\python\day1
F:\zhou\python\day1\bin1\test.py

__name__ 是当前模块名，当模块被直接运行时模块名为 __main__ 。

if __name__ == '__main__'
    xxxx

以上代码的意思是，当模块被直接运行时，代码块xxxx将被运行，当模块是被导入时，代码块不被运行。